Semantic Web Technologies For Digital Libraries

SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES By Nikesh .N International School of Information Management, Mysore

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Digital Library
Library standards & Tools
Semantic Digital Library :Expectations
Semantic Web Technologies
Bibliographic Ontology (MarcOnt)
Case Study ( Jerome DL)
Conclusions

DIGITAL LIBRARY
Information System which deals with collection, organization, storage and retrieval of digital documents

WHY LIBRARY STANDARDS ? WHAT ARE TOOLS & TECHNIQUES ?
Bibliographic Descriptions Standards
Library Classification Scheme
Subject Headings
Subject Indexing
Retrieval Techniques

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS
A bibliographic description format is formal definition of syntax, meaning and rules of describing resources collected by library or other similar entity. Bibliographic description formats are descendants of sets of rules for describing library resources used back in the XIXth century and are still used today.
Eg: ISBD , AACR, Bibtex, MARC 21,Doubline Core

LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES
Library classification systems help categorize library resources according to domain of interest of their content.
Eg: Dewey’s Decimal Classification
Universal Decimal Classification
Colon classification

SUBJECT HEADINGS FOR VOCABULARY CONTROL
Library of Congress subject Headings
Sears list of subject headings
Mesh ( Medical Subject Headings)

SUBJECT INDEXING
Pre-coordinate Indexing (Coordination by Indexer)
PRESIS, POPSI, KWIC, Chain Indexing
Post coordinate Indexing (Coordination by user)
Keyword indexing

INFORMATION SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL
Bibliographic field based search
Full text search
Boolean Search
Proximity Search
Truncation Search etc.

Full-text search
“ Paintings ” AND “ Sooraj ” AND “ flowers ”  no result
Semantic query
if the knowledge that “ irises ” are “ flowers ” is modeled in an ontology (e.g. subclass-hierarchy)
we can query for all “ Paintings ” by “ Sooraj ” with subject “ flowers ” and retrieve also the picture with subject “ irises ”
WHAT LACKS- SEMANTICS ( EXAMPLE) Sooraj Creation-Creator/Role ISIM Library Current Location-Repository Name irises , nature , soil Subject-Matter 2009 Creation-Date Irises Title paintings Object/Work type Paintings Classification

SEMANTIC DIGITAL LIBRARY- EXPECTATIONS
A digital library system which is capable of Integrating information based on different metadata, e.g.: resources, user profiles, bookmarks, taxonomies
Providing interoperability with other systems (not only digital libraries)
Delivering more robust, user friendly search and browsing interfaces empowered by semantics

SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES
Semantic Web is becoming reality by applications that support it and are based on it
Web Ontology Languages : OWL, RDFS
Ontology editors : Protégé, Onto Edit etc.
RDF , RDF Schema
RDF Storages: Sesame, Jena, YARS
Reasoners: KAON, Racer
Annotation tools ( Annotea, Onto Annotizer)
Topic Maps
Thesauri & Controlled Vocabularies
( eg: Wordnet)
–

SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES?
Metadata is the key concept
Many digital libraries do have metadata in place
Task is to make them available in a machine understandable format
How to uplift Legacy Metadata to Semantic Level
RDF:
Is a framework to model any kind of metadata
It delivers certain level of technical interoperability

BIBLIOGRAPHIC ONTOLOGIES
Effort to Capture the Semantics of Metadata
MarcOnt Initiatives
MarcOnt Initiative has grown from the experiences of developing and evaluating the first semantic digital library, JeromeDL
Developed as a part of Master's thesis of Sebastian Ryszard
Kruk at the Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Poland
MarcOnt Initiative goals:
Create a framework for collaborative ontology improvement
Incorporate existing metadata and Library classification scheme
Offer tools for data mediation between different data formats

MARCONT ONTOLOGY AND PORTAL
MarcOnt Ontology:
Central point of MarcOnt Initiative
Translation and mediation format
Continuos collaborative ontology improvement
Knowledge from the domain experts
MarcOnt Portal (source of knowledge):
Suggestions
Annotations
Versioning
Ontology editor

CASE STUDY-JEROMEDL
Joint effort of DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway and Gdansk University of Technology (GUT)
Distributed under BSD Open Source license

JEROMEDL - MOTIVATIONS
Support for different kinds of bibliographic medatata, like: DublinCore , BibTeX and MARC21 at the same time.
Making use of existing rich sources of bibliographic descriptions (like MARC21) created by human.
Supporting users and communities:
user s ha ve control over their profile information ;
community-aware profiles are integrated with bibliographic descriptions
support for community generated knowledge

ONTOLOGIES IN JEROMEDL
Structure (system administrators):
JeromeDL structure ontology
Bibliographic and legacy descriptions ( domain experts
MarcOnt bibliographic ontology
Extensible MarcOnt suggestions
Communities (normal users, expert users with restricted vocabulary
FOAF and FOAFRealm identity management ontology

STRUCTURE ONTOLOGY IN JEROMEDL

BIBLIOGRAPHIC (MARCONT) ONTOLOGY IN JEROMEDL

COMMUNITY-AWARE (FOAFREALM) ONTOLOGY

MARCONT MEDIATION SERVICES FOR LEGACY METADATA Format translation RDF Translator Format co-operation MarcOnt Mediation Services

SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY IN GEROMDL
Providing semantic annotations during uploading process:
open module (JOnto) for handling any taxonomies
keywords based on :
WordNet
free tagging
defining structure of resources in the JeromeDL ontology
Lifting legacy metadata to MarcOnt ontology
Community maintained annotations
social semantic collaborative filtering
semantic descriptions based on the FOAF metadata

FOAF - DESCRIBING SOCIAL NETWORKS
FOAF - Stands for Friend-of-a-Friend
Defines properties for a person
Does not only have to contain one person per file
Can build a network of people with foaf:knows links
FOAF can be easily extended to meet requirements, as in the case of FOAFRealm for identity management…

JEROMEDL – SEMANTIC INFORMATION IN USE
Searching:
Keyword-based search with semantic query expansion
Semantic search:
Direct RDF querying
Natural language templates
Faceted Navigation:
creators, types, keywords, Topics etc.
Sharing:
Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering
Semantically Interlinked Online Communities
Heterogeneous communication:
OAI -PMH

REFERENCES
Semantic Web – W3C, http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
The Semantic Web Community Portal, http://semanticweb.org
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) – http://www.dublincore.org/
Jerome Digital Library Homepage – http://www.jeromedl.org
MarcOnt Initiative Portal – http://www.marcont.org
Marcin Synak: MarcOnt Ontology – Semantic MARC21 Description for L2L & L2C Communication, Masters Thesis, Faculty of Electronics, telecommunication and Informatics, National University of Ireland
Sebastian R. Kruk and Marcin Synak: Semantic Digital Libraries: BANNF conference proceedings, 2007

THANK YOU
Questions Please ?

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Semantic Web Technologies For Digital Libraries

by Nikesh Narayanan on Feb 20, 2010

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