Robot fictions: entertainment cultures and engineering research entanglements

LIRECROBOT FICTIONS: ENTERTAINMENTCULTURES AND ENGINEERING RESEARCHENTANGLEMENTSNICOLAS NOVA, 15.06.2011, HATFIELD WWW.LIFTLAB.COM

2I ROBOTA: A FICTION FROM THE OUTSET 24 Rossum’s Universal Robots (Karel Kapek, 1920)

3I THE EVOLUTION OF SCI-FI THEMES (STEPHANIE FOX) 24

4I ROBOT ARCHETYPES 24

5I ROBOT FICTION INFLUENCE(D) THEIR DESIGN 24 “Robots are popular culture. There isn’t any “knock-off” possible there; it’s been knock-off from the get-go. It’s like worrying about somebody “knocking-off” cowboy movies.” Bruce Sterling

6I CULTURAL ELEMENTS CIRCULATION (ZIMMERMANN, 2010) 24

7I ASSUMPTIONS EMBEDDED INTO OBJECTS (AKRICH, 1992) 24 these assumptions influence robot design (consciously or not)

8II ROBOT IDIOMS 24 robot, droid, android, bot, bioroid, cyborg... Asimo (Asimov), irobot (Asimov’ book), GOLEM (jewish fictional character), Hadaly (Villiers de l’Isle d’Dam’s fictional android), ELIZA (after Bernard Shaw’s theatre play) -> influence on what robots do/are

9II RECURRING TROPE 1: THE SHAPE(S) OF ROBOTS 24 pool-cleaner robot-objects vacuum-cleaner automatic car lawn-mower android bio-mimetic robots robotic arm zoomorphic robot 4-legged (dog) 2-legged (duck) No legs (snake, fish)

10II RECURRING TROPE 1: THE SHAPE(S) OF ROBOTS 24 “the android is a solution waiting for a problem” Mark Meadows

11II RECURRING TROPE 1: THE SHAPE(S) OF ROBOTS 24 Study conducted at Swiss Institute of Technology, Lausanne (2008) about people’s feeling towards robots

12II WHAT THE ROBOT IDEA TAUGHT US... 24 robots in scifi introduced the idea that objects can have “personality”, a behavior

13II SHOULD ROBOTS BE MIMETIC? 24 “it becomes real by behaving real, by demonstrating the behavior of things that are real” Kevin Slavin

14II RECURRING TROPE 2: ROBOT BEHAVIOR (ASIMOV) 24

15II RECURRING TROPE 2: ROBOT BEHAVIOR 24

16II RECURRING TROPE 2: ROBOT BEHAVIOR 24

17II IS LAW 2 APPLICABLE? (KAPLAN, 2001) 24 how to define a “human”? how to define “harm”?

18II RECURRING TROPE 4: AUTOMATION 24 ambivalence: control versus automation

19III BUT SCI-FI IS NOT JUST A GADGET CATALOGUE... 24 “Implications not just applications” Antony Dunne "A good science fiction story should be able to predict not the automobile but the traffic jam" Frederik Pohl

20III ... SCI-FI AND PROBLEMS... 24 “The door refused to open. It said, “Five cents, please.(...) payment to his door for opening and shutting constituted a mandatory fee. Not a tip. (...) From the drawer beside the sink Joe Chip got a stainless steel knife; with it he began systematically to unscrew the bolt assembly of his apt’s money-gulping door. “I’ll sue you,” the door said as the first screw fell out.Joe Chip said, “I’ve never been sued by a door. But I guess I can live through it.” Philip K. Dick: Ubik

21III TODAY’S PROBLEM 24 ‘The fact that the robot couldnt tell if it was a good time to interrupt was a big problem for the nursing staff: "I called it nasty names and told it, Would you shut the hell up? Cant you see Im on the phone? If you say "TUG has arrived" one more time Im going to kick you in your camera. "Some staff members actually did lash out and kick TUG in frustration’ New Scientist, 2010: http://cli.gs/ T7VH6e

22IV CO-CONSTRUCTION 24 “Human Computer Interaction in Science Fiction Movies” by Schmitz, Endres & Butzi (2008) films cite existing technology technology films inspire inspire films new technology filmmakers and technologists developed shared new visions

THANK YOU MERCI GRACIAS DANKE GRAZIENICOLAS NOVAnicolas@liftlab.comwww.liftlab.com

24 REFERENCES 24Article referencesSlide 5: Dreaming of Robots: An Slide 13: Slavin, K. (2011). Reality Is Slide 22: Schmitz, M., Endres, C. & Butz,Interview with Bruce Sterling, acm Plenty, Thanks. MoMo Amsterdam, A. (2008). A survey of human-computerinteractions, march-april 2005. http://www.youtube.com/watch? interaction design in science fictionSlide 6: Zimmermann, B. (2010). v=o03wWtWASW4 movies, Proceeding of INTETAIN 08Redesigning Culture: Chinese Characters Slide 15: Weld, D. & Etzioni, O. (1994). Proceedings of the 2nd internationalin Alphabet-Encoded Networks”, Design The first law of robotics (a call to arms), conference on INtelligent TEchnologiesand Culture, 2-1, 27-43. Proceeding AAAI94 Proceedings of the for interactive enterTAINmentSlide 7: Akrich, M. (1992), "The twelfth national conference on Artificialdescription of technical objects", in intelligence (vol. 2).Bijker, W.E., Law, J. (Eds),Shaping Slide 16: Murphy, R.R. and Woods, D.Technology/Building Society, MIT Press. (2009). Beyond Asimov: The Three LawsSlide 10: Meadows, M. (2010). We, of Responsible Robotics IEEE IntelligentRobot. The Lyons Press Systems, pp. 14–20Slide 11: Ray, C., Mondada, F. & Slide 17: Kaplan, F. (2001). Un robotSiegwart, R. (2008). What do people peut-il être notre ami ?. In Orlarey, Y.,expect from robots? IEEE International editor, LArt, la pensée, les émotions,Conference on Intelligent Robots and pages 99-106.Systems, pp. 3816-3821.

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Robot fictions: entertainment cultures and engineering research entanglements

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