2. One feature of Globalisation is the
dependence between countries. Look at the
production chain involved in a pair of trousers
and identify the links between income and the
position of the country in the production
chain.
Cotton grown in
Egypt
Cloth woven in Thailand
Trousers made in
Bangladesh
Trousers shipped to
Rotterdam ( Netherlands)
Trousers distributed to
retails outlets in UK
Synthetic fibre made in
China
Buttons and zips
made in India
The production chain of a pair of
trousers.
3. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENT
SECTORS?
Employment (job) involving
taking (extracting) natural
resources from the earth (land
or sea)
This is called
.
farmer
4. Employment that involves
making (manufacturing)
raw materials into
something else. E.g. making
cotton into a shirt. This is
called
.
8. THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
These dif ferences are shown in Clarke fishers model
TIME INCREASES
Pre-industrial Stage –
the LDC’s have high
amounts of primary
industries due to the
fact that there is a
lack of education and
they are mainly
subsidence farmers.
There are very few
jobs in the tertiary and
manufacturing
sectors, due to lack of
money to set up these
factories or build
them.
9. THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
Industrial Stage –
These dif ferences are shown in
Clarke fishers model
TIME INCREASES
As time passes,
manufacturing
increases, New
factories spring up in
many locations.
So the secondary
sector grows in
importance.
The tertiary sector also
grows (but not as fast)
The primary sector
continues to decline in
this period as the
country industrialises.
10. THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
These dif ferences are shown in Clarke
fishers model
TIME INCREASES
Post-industrial Stage In this stage the
tertiary sector become
most important.
Secondary sector
tends to die away.
As more people start
to live in towns, there
is a growing demand
for various services from health and
education to transport
and finance.
Quaternary jobs begin
to form too as the
country becomes
wealthier.
11. HOW RELIABLE IS THE MODEL?
This model is based on what happened in developed countries
like Britain. It may not work in the same way for developing
countries which may bypass some part of the model. For
example, some developing countries might encourage tourism
(tertiary) in their country and bypass the Industrial Stage,
such as the Gambia in Africa.
12. WHAT ABOUT WORKING CONDITIONS?
Working conditions are better in
.
In
people are paid fair wages and have regular
breaks and get sick pay
In
many jobs are informal, meaning the worker
has no contract and can be sacked without warning.
In
many workers work long hours for minimal pay
TASK
Copy out and fill in the blanks with either
DEVELOPED or DEVELOPING countries.
13. DEINDUSTRIALISED (DEVELOPED)
COUNTRIES (UK, USA, JAPAN)
Tertiary jobs dominate in these countries as most people have
disposable income and the government have set up services
like schools and hospitals.
There are secondary jobs in some areas but the numbers have
declined from 100 years ago
Primary jobs are minimal, but some rural areas have people
working in farming and fishing (North East Scotland and
Cornwall)
Quaternary jobs are increasing in techno hub areas, like
Cambridge and East London and along the M 4 corridor in the
UK and Silicon Valley, California, USA .
14. WHO DOES THE JOBS?
Many women work full time jobs, but part time work has
rapidly increased so now there are more women and men
doing part time hours.
It is increasingly common for both adults in a family to work
and for single parents to be working single parents although
many work part time
Many tertiary and quaternary jobs are flexible with hours, so
fewer people work 9-5 5 days a week than did 50 years ago.
Children can work but hours are restricted as is the type of
job they can do, there is also a minimum level of pay they
should receive.
In the UK there is a minimum wage
Workers have contracts so they pay tax and can receive sick
pay and receive a pension when the time comes.
15. MIC/ NIC COUNTRIES- CHINA
INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
These countries tend to have a higher
percentage of workers employed in
manufacturing goods (SECONDARY
INDUSTRY).
Working conditions are often poor and
work is often low paid with long hours.
Many people work without a contract, so
they can get started quickly but this
means no sick pay and no protection
from harsh working conditions
Many families are split up in these
countries- often younger men (and
increasingly women too) will leave rural
families and head to a big city to work,
live in overcrowded conditions in small
flats with basic facilities and work very
long hours.
16. LIC (LOW INCOME COUNTRIES)PRE INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
In these countries, there are tertiary jobs, but fewer as the
governments have not had the money to build hospitals,
schools and libraries and the population as a whole do not
have such a large amount of disposable income, therefore
fewer hotels, restaurants etc exist, thus there are fewer
tertiary jobs than in BRICs and HICs
Many people live a SUBSISTENCE lifestyle, they provide for
themselves what they need and trade, e.g. they grow their own
food and have enough to eat, make their own clothes and
breed their own animals, any even build their own houses.
Much of the work is therefore not formally paid work and
therefore there is less tax paid - preventing the country
boosting its economy.
17. Many people here do primary jobs like farming, fishing,
mining etc.
In larger towns and cities there are more tertiary jobs and
these are increasing in most countries as the world becomes
increasingly globalised.
Like in MIC nations many here who work for a company work
without a contract, meaning no sick pay and no minimum
wage or control over working conditions so they also work in
dangerous conditions
18. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTION
F Which country has the highest
percentage working in the TERTIARY
sector?
F Which country has is likely to
have the most people employed in
farming?
H Which country is pre industrial
according to Clarke Fisher? (1)
Give a reason for your answer (2)
H Describe the relationship
between GDP and % employed
in the secondary sector (2)
19. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
H and F - Explain how employment varies according to a
countries level of development ( 4)
H AND F -Explain how the growth of SECONDARY industry in
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES can bring both benefits and
problems (4)
F - Outline one negative impact globalisation has on people in
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ( 2)
H-Explain why some people argue that globalisation has
negative impacts on DEVELOPING countries ( 6)
