Revealing digital documents - concealed structures in data

Jakob VoßRevealing digital documents Concealed structures in data http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.5832 http://aboutdata.org International Conference on Theory and Practice in Digital Libraries (TPDL) Doctoral Consortium, Berlin 2011-09-25

question how are (digital) documents structured and described?Jakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

what is a document? “[...] any physical or symbolic sign, preserved or recorded, intended to represent, to reconstruct, or to demonstrate a physical or conceptual phenomenon” – Suzanne Briet “[...] consists of anything that someone wishes to store. A document is something designated by a person to be a document [...]“ – Ted NelsonJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

scope digital documents somehow recorded (stable), eventually as sequence of bitsJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

CR2, AAF, AAT, ADL, AES Core Audio, AES Process History, AGLS, AllegSCII, ASN.1, Atom, BIBO, BibTeX, BISAC, BPEL, BPMN, BSON, CanCor CO, CDR, CDWA, CDWA Lite, CIDOC/CRM, CQL, CSDGM, CSV, DACSata Committee Content Standard, DC, DCAM, DDC, DDI, DDL, DFDL, DI G35, DjVU, DOM, DTD, Dublin Core, DwC, EAC, EAC-CPF, EAD, ebXM ECN, Ediakt, EDIFAKT, eduPerson, EML, ERM, Etch, EXIF, Federaleographic, FOAF, FRAD, FRBR, FRSAD, FRSAR, GEM, GILS, GKD, GMssian, HTML, HTTP, ID3, IDL, IEEE/LOM, indecs, inetOrgPerson, INI, IPTI, ISAAR(CPF), ISAD(G), ISBD, ISBN, ISO 19115, ISO 19119, JSON, KM there is not oneLCC, LCSH, LDAP, Linked Data, LMER, MAB2, MADS, MARC, MARC21 RC Relator Codes, MARCXML, MathML, MEI, MESH, METS, METS Rig single document formatMFC, MGraph, MIX, MO, MODS, MOTS, MPEG-21 , MPEG-7, MSchemaseumDat, MusicXML, MXF, NewsML, NFC, NFD, NFKC, NFKD, NIAM, OOAI-ORE, OAI-PMH, OAIS, ODRL, ONIX, Ontology for Media, OODBMSOpenDocument, OpenSearch, OpenURL, ORM, OWL, PB Core, PDF, PIca+, Pica3, PND, PREMIS, PRISM, Proto, QDC, RAD, RAK, RDA, RDBMDF, RDFS, RDF/XML, Relax NG, RELAX NG, Resource, RIS, RSS, RSW Schematron, SCORM, SDXF, Seel, S-EXP, SGML, SIOC, SKOS, SMIL,PECTRUM, SQL, SRU/SRW, SWAP, SWB, TEI, TEX, TextMD, TGM I, TG TGN, Thrift, Topic Maps, UCS, ULAN, UML, unAPI, UNIMARC, URI, UTF ard, Vorbis Comment, VRA, VSO Data Model, XDR, XMetaDiss, XML, XM

thesis but there are common patterns on all levels of description, independent from particular technologiesJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

examples of particular technologies XML relational databases ● Unicode ● Relational Model ● XML Infoset ● SQL ● XML Schema ● Entity-Relationship- ● Xpath Diagrams families of related standardsJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

method not statistical this would limit my research to one level and technology of descriptionJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

method phenomenological data description in all of its forms as it appears in our experienceJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

phenomenological method data description analyzed as phenomena: 1. critical intuiting (experience) 2. analyzing structures, Hegel free of known Husserl categories Merleau-Ponty* 3. describing the essence * Image CC-BY Pierre-Alain GouanvicJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

results 1) Categorization of data structuring methods 2) Collection of data structuring paradigms 3) Pattern language of data patternsJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

result 1: categorization of methods ● encodings express data (UTF-8 Unicode, IEEE floating point, Base64…) ● file and database systems store data ● identifiers and query languages refer to data ● data structuring and markup languages structure data ● schema languages constrain and validate data ● conceptual models describe data ¡Concrete methods appear as combinations of categories!Jakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

result 2: paradigms ● Document- or Object-oriented approach ● Document-oriented (e.g. ordered tree with tagged character strings: XML, Relax NG…) ⇒ descriptive data description ● Object-oriented (objects with properties and defined value spaces: XML Schema, UML…) ⇒ prescriptive data descriptionJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

result 2: paradigms ● Entities and connections Jakob 1979 born Jakob 1979 Jakob Birth 1979Jakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

result 2: paradigms ● Layers of abstraction ● Standards and rules ● Collections and types ● GranularityJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

result 3: patterns ● patterns as systematic tool for describing good design practice, introduced by Christopher Alexander: “Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over again in our environment, and then describes the core of the solution to that problem […]” ● Adopted as design patterns in software engineering ● Collected in a pattern language with meaningful connections between patterns (network of patterns).Jakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

result 3: patterns collection separator known size sequence position ordered set arrayJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

applications ● data archeology ● In 200 years someone finds snapshots and archives of Wikipedia in different forms (SQL, XML, Wikitext, DBPedia, HTML…) ● What are significant parts? How relate parts to each other?Jakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

Jakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

… another document to give a simple example…Jakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

… another document sequence with delimiterJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

… another document sequence with delimiter grouping of sequences with delimiterJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

… another document sequence with delimiter grouping of sequences with delimiter encoding (morse code) D A T A P A T T E R N SJakob Voß: Revealing digital documents. Concealed structures in data. TPDL 2011, Sep. 25th http://aboutdata.org

Revealing digital documents - concealed structures in data

by Jakob . on Sep 25, 2011

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Revealing digital documents - concealed structures in data — Presentation Transcript