Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives

Management and Governance ofOpen Data InitiativesUNDESA and ITU – Future Government: A GlobalPerspective in Connection to Open Government Dataand Citizen Engagement – Geneva, May 16th 2012Dr. Matthias Stürmer,Senior Consultant Ernst & Young

My perspectives on open data • Fan: Founding board member of Swiss OGD association Opendata.ch • Lobbyist: Secretary of Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability • Politician: Parliament member of the City of Bern • Advisor: Senior Consultant at Ernst & Young • Former researcher: PhD at ETH Zurich on open source communities • Former programmer: Co-founder of two Internet startupsDr. Matthias StürmerPhone: +41 58 286 61 97Mobile: +41 58 289 61 97Email: matthias.stuermer@ch.ey.comManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 2

Agenda1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects3. How to govern open data projects• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital SustainabilityManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 3

Milestones Swiss Open Data MovementJuly 2010: First meeting June 2011: Opendata.ch conference Sept 2011: HackdaysDecember 2011: Parliamentarian„s dinner and manifest January 2012: Association Opendata.ch foundedManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 4

Swiss Open Data Hacking Events• First Swiss OGD Hackdays on September 30/October 1, 2012 in Zürich and Lausanne• Hackday on March 30/31, 2012 in Zürich and Geneva on the topic of mobility• First OGD Hackday in Bern on April 27, 2012 on various topics• Hackday on September 28/29, 2012 in Basel and Geneva on the topic of healthManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 5

Open Data Hackday in Bern, April 27th 2012Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 6

Open Budget App on Expenses of the City of Bern Source: http://t.preus.se/bernbudget2012Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 7

Not comparable to the New York Times App…Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 8

OGD and OSS on the Technology Hype Cycle OGD OSSSource: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycleManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 10

OGD Communities Compared to OSS Communities Open Data Initiatives Open Source Projects Comments Different: Long way to Hype Cycle „Peak of Inflated Expectations“ „Plateau of Productivity“ go for OGD 1. Individuals 1. Individuals Similar: Both top-down Initialization 2. Foundations 2. Companies and bottom-up 3. Public Administrations 3. Public Administrations approaches possible Equal: Heterogenic mix Motivation Intrinsic to extrinsic Intrinsic to extrinsic of motivation 1. Data Knowhow Similar: Mostly 1. ProgrammingRequired Skills 2. Programming 2. GUI Design technology-driven 3. Design communities Different: OGD has more Much local development with Much global development withDevelopment lots of physical meetings few physical meetings local solutions, OSS has more global solutions Similar: Distributed Mostly independent foundations Mostly independent foundations Governance sponsored by public funds sponsored by IT companies power of decision makingManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 11

Motivation is Key for Community Governance• Loss of control through publishing data and source code• Voluntary initiatives are governed through incentivizing groups and individuals• 10 different reasons for individuals to contribute to open source software projects: Intrinsic Motivation 1. Ideology Enjoyment- or obligation-based incentives 2. Altruism 3. Kinship 4. Fun Internalized Extrinsic Motivation 5. Reputation Non-monetary incentives 6. Reciprocity 7. Learning 8. Own-use Extrinsic Motivation 9. Career Monetary incentives 10. PaySource:G. F. von Krogh, S. Haefliger, S. Spaeth, M. W. Wallin “Open Source Software: a Review of Motivations to Contribute”Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 13

Open Data Players in German Speaking Area Government and Public Administration National AT Regional CH Local government government government DE Single Point of Orientation Policy APIs making Bottom-Up Bottom-Up Studies Competitions Top-Down Conferences Swiss OGD Manifest Civil Society DE Open Data CH Hackdays Local meetings Network AT Opendata.ch OKFN Web Portals Germany OGD Austria Digital Government OGD Apps Sustainability 2.0 Network open3Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 14

Still at the beginning in 2012Tim Berners-Lee at TED University in 2010:"We have only just started."Source: „Tim Berners-Lee: The year open data went worldwide “http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YcZ3Zqk0a8Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 15

Parliamentarian Group for Digital SustainabilityCo Presidents Edith Graf-Litscher Christian Wasserfallen National Councilor of National Councilor of Social Democratic Party Liberals PartyCore Team Balthasar Glättli Kathy Riklin National Councilor of National Councilor of Green Party Christian Democratic Peoples Party Thomas Weibel National Councilor of Green Liberal Party Blog, members, policy recommendations: www.digitale-nachhaltigkeit.ch www.durabilite-numerique.chManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 17

Members of the Parliamentarian Group1. Alec von Graffenried, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Bern 16. Kathrin Bertschy, Nationalrätin GLP Kt. Bern2. Barbara Schmid-Federer, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Zürich 17. Liliane Maury Pasquier, Ständerätin SP Kt. Genf3. Brigitte Häberli-Koller, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Thurgau 18. Louis Schelbert, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Luzern4. Carlo Sommaruga, Nationalrat SP Kt. Genf 19. Luc Recordon, Ständerat Grüne Kt. Waadt5. Cédric Wermuth, Nationalrat SP Kt. Aargau 20. Lukas Reimann, Nationalrat SVP Kt. St. Gallen6. Claude Janiak, Ständerat SP Kt. Basel-Landschaft 21. Maja Ingold, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Zürich7. Evi Allemann, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Bern 22. Maria Roth-Bernasconi , Nationalrätin SP Kt. Genf8. Felix Gutzwiller, Ständerat FDP Kt. Zürich 23. Marianne Streiff-Feller, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Bern9. Francine John-Calame, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Neuenburg 24. Matthias Aebischer, Nationalrat SP Kt. Bern10. Franziska Teuscher, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Bern 25. Peter Malama, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Basel-Stadt11. Geri Müller, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Aargau 26. Philipp Hadorn, Nationalrat SP Kt. Solothurn12. Hans Altherr, Ständerat FDP Kt. Appenzell Ausserrhoden 27. Raphaël Comte, Ständerat FDP Kt. Neuenburg13. Hugues Hiltpold, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Genf 28. Sylvia Flückiger-Bäni, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Aargau14. Ignazio Cassis, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Tessin 29. Thomas Aeschi, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Zug15. Jacqueline Badran, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Zürich 30. Yvonne Gilli, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. St. Gallen • 14% of the Swiss Parliament are members of the Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 18

Previous policy recommendations1. Freie Veröffentlichung von digitalen Kartografiedaten der swisstopo 07.12.2009 – Frage 09.5644 – Christian Wasserfallen2. Open Source – auch für Meteodaten 18.06.2010 – Interpellation 10.3602 – Kathy Riklin3. Aktueller Stand von Open Government Data in der Schweiz 02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5039 – Edith Graf-Litscher4. Potenzial von Open Government Data in der Schweiz 02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5040 – Edith Graf-Litscher5. E-Government und Open Government Data 12.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3346 – Christian Wasserfallen6. Anwendung des Öffentlichkeitsgesetzes 13.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3358 – Edith Graf-Litscher7. Open Government Data. Wie weiter? 14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3445 – Kathy Riklin8. Digitale Nachhaltigkeit in der Strategie des Bundesrates für eine Informationsgesellschaft in der Schweiz 14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3380 – Thomas Weibel9. Öffnung der Datenbestände des Bundes. Open Government Data 28.09.2011 – Motion 11.3871 – Edith Graf-Litscher10. Masterplan für Open Government Data 29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3902 – Kathy Riklin11. Open Government Data als strategischer Schwerpunkt im E-Government 29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3884 – Christian WasserfallenManagement and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives Seite 19

Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives

by Matthias Stürmer on May 16, 2012

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