Open innovation is increasingly being adopted in bu more
Open innovation is increasingly being adopted in business and describes a situation in which firms exchange ideas and knowledge with external participants, such as customers, suppliers, partner firms, and developers. This article builds on the work by Gassmann and Enkel (2004) and extends their framework of open innovation with a push model of open innovation: knowledge is voluntarily created outside a firm by individuals and organizations who proceed to push knowledge into a firm's open innovation project. We present data on the Eclipse Development Platform and find that outsiders invest as much in a firm's project as the founding firm itself. Based on the findings from Eclipse, we develop four propositions: “the preemptive generosity” of a firm, “continuous commitment”, “an adaptive governance structure”, and “a low entry barrier” are contexts that enable the push model of open innovation. We conclude with a summary of a push model and discuss implications for research and management practice. less
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