Tema 7. La Primera Guerra Mundial y el periodo de entreguerras. 4º ESO BILINGUAL. IES Santa Catalina. Burgo de Osma. Soria Unit 7. The First World War IES Santa Catalina. Burgo de Osma. Soria

1. THE GREAT WAR
IES SANTA CATALINA
BURGO DE OSMA (SORIA)
4º ESO. HISTORY. Social Science. Anaya English, C. Echevarría and others.2012
History teacher, Nicanor Otín Nebreda.
Famous quotes about the first world war
‘It takes 15,000 casualties to train a major general.’
Marshal Ferdinand Foch (2 October 1851 – 20 March 1929) was a French soldier, military theorist, and
an Allied Generalissimo during the First World War.

2. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

3. • In 1914 a war began in Europe that affected
all continents.
• The war, at the beginning , was kown as the
Great War then as the First World War.
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

4. The great powers in Europe in 1900
• Britain – A great Empire and strong navy
• France – overseas Empire & resentment from the previous war
• Russia – large but no land overseas – no access to the sea
• Austria-Hungary – two nationalities in one country
• Germany – wanted more influence abroad
Alliances
• 1882 – Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary & Italy
• 1907 – Triple Entente: Russia, Britain & France
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

5. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

6. Allied Powers Central Powers
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

7. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

8. Militarism: policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war
Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
The spark that started World War I, was:
The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The spark that started World War I, was:
The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Colonial conflicts: between the competing colonizing nations
Nationalism: some minorities claimed independence, like croats, serbs…
Territorial conflicts: between France and Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary
Economic conflicts: due to competition in commerce and trade
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

9. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

10. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
Assassination

11. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

12. Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian
nationalist group called the Black
Hand who believed that Bosnia
should belong to Serbia.
The reaction among the people in Austria was
mild, almost indifferent. As historian Zbynek
Zeman later wrote, "the event almost failed to
make any impression whatsoever. On Sunday
and Monday [June 28 and 29], the crowds in
Vienna listened to music and drank wine, as if
nothing had happened."
The reaction among the people in Austria was
mild, almost indifferent. As historian Zbynek
Zeman later wrote, "the event almost failed to
make any impression whatsoever. On Sunday
and Monday [June 28 and 29], the crowds in
Vienna listened to music and drank wine, as if
nothing had happened."
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

13. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
Gavrilo Princip
A pistol used to assassinate the
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, sparking
the First World War

14. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
• June 28 - Assassination of Austro-Hungarian
Archduke and heir, Franz Ferdinand (and Sophie,
his wife)
• July 23 - Austria issues ultimatum to Serbia and
invades on July 27
• July 28-30 - Russians mobilize as Serbia’s ally
• August 1 - Germany, Austria-Hungary’s ally,
declares war on Russia (and Serbia)
• August 3 - Germany declares war on France (allied
with Russia) and invades Belgium en route to
Paris, France
• August 4 - Great Britain, France’s ally, declares war
on Germany
Short term timeline leading to World War IShort term timeline leading to World War I
Domino Effect

15. THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

16. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE WAR
First World War: Transport of the Wounded by Ugo Matania

17. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE WAR
• TERRITORIAL EXTENSION
– 16 NATIONS
– THE WAR TOOK PLACE OVER A VERY EXTENDED
AREA
• NEW WEAPONS AND TACTICS
– MACHINE GUNS, POISON GAS, SUBMARINES,
AIRPLANES…
• TOTAL WARFARE
– THE ENTIRE ECONOMY FOCUSED ON THE WAR
– CONSCRIPTION OF ALL ABLE MEN
– PRIORITY FOR WEAPON PRODUCTION
– WOMEN START WORKING TO REPLACE MEN…

18. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE WAR

19. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR
Machine gun
Flamethrower
Poison gas
Submarine
Airplane
Tank
WHY NOW?

20. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WAR
German Hussars Crossing into Serbia, 1915

21. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE WAR

22. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
1914
WAR OF MOVEMENT
•Initial German offensives, simultaneously in two fronts, the
Eastern and Western fronts.
•Significant offensive advances by the German and Russian
troops

23. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
1915-1916
TRENCH WARFARE
WAR OF ATTRITION
•The fronts were formed by long lines of
trenches protected by machine guns and barbed
wire.
•Enormous numbers of casualties to gain some
metres of land

24. TRENCH WARFARE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=0gyyGHHXfck

25. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR

26. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR

27. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
1917 CRISIS
•USA entered the war joining the Allies.
• The Russian Empire began to collapse. Russia abandoned
the war after the triumph of the Soviet Revolution
President Wilson before Congress,
announcing the break in official relations
with the German Empire on February 3,
1917.

28. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
1917 CRISIS

29. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
1918
Allied victories and the armistice of 1918
After an attack on all fronts by the Allies, the
Central Powers started to surrender.
Germany was alone and without supplies
Wilhelm II had to abdicate and the government
of the new republic signed the armistice.

30. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
1918
Allied victories and the armistice of 1918

31. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAR
The allied representatives at the signing of the armistice. Railway carriage in the forest of Compiègne.

32. "The Big Four" during the Paris Peace Conference
From left to right, David Lloyd George (GB), Vittorio Orlando (IT),
George Clemenceau (FR) and Woodrow Wilson (USA)
CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

33. CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
• THE PARIS CONFERENCE AND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
– THE VICTORIOUS COUNTRIES AGREED ON THE TERMS FOR THE DEFEATED
COUNTRIES.
– FIVE DIFFERENT TREATIES WERE PREPARED.
– WOODROW WILSON (U.S. PRESIDENT) AND HIS FOURTEEN POINTS.
RECONCILIATION PROPOSED BY WILSON WAS REJECTED.
• THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS WAS CREATED TO MAINTAIN WORLD
PEACE.
• THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
• ESPECIALLY HARD ON GERMANY: RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WAR, ABANDONED
ALL ITS COLONIES, RETURNED ALSACE AND LORRAINE TO FRANCE, PAID
COSTLY REPARATIONS…

34. CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

35. • DEATH AND INJURY: LOTS OF YOUNG MEN DIED IN THE WAR, AND THERE WERE
LOTS OF INJURIES: CRIPPLES, DISABLED PEOPLE, ORPHANS...
• MATERIAL DESTRUCTION MADE GREAT DAMAGE TO ECONOMY.
• END OF EUROPEAN HEGEMONY AND STARTED THE U.S. HEGEMONY
• NEW EUROPEAN STATES: POLAND, AUSTRIA, YUGOSLAVIA, FINLAND…
• COLONIAL CHANGES: THE CENTRAL POWERS HAD TO ABANDON ALL ITS COLONIES
• PACIFISM AND ANTIMILITARISM GREW IN THE PUBLIC OPINION OF EUROPE
• POLITICAL: UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE STARTED IN EUROPE AND WOMEN BECAME
ABLE TO VOTE IN SOME COUNTRIES
• SOCIAL CHANGES: WOMEN BECAME INCLUDED IN THE LABOUR MARKET.
MIDDLE CLASSES WERE IMPOVERISHED.
This sets the stage for WWII!
CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

36. CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
• Total troops mobilized by all countries:
65,038,810
• Total troops dead from all countries:
8,556,315
• Total troops wounded from all countries:
21,219,452
• Total missing or POW´s (Prisoners of war)
7,750,945
CASUALTIES

37. CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
THE NEW MAP OF EUROPE

38. Before
the
war

39. After
the war