Insect Morphology And Identification Carlton

Rice Insects Taxonomy and Morphology: Personal Details of Some Old and New Foes Dr. Chris Carlton, Louisiana State Arthropod Museum LSU AgCenter, Dept of Entomology 9 to 9:45 am

Insects that we will deal with
Beetles-rice water weevils, rice levee billbug, colaspis leaf beetles, lady beetles
True bugs-stink bugs, aphids
Moths-borer complex
Flies-leafminers
Mites-panicle rice mite

Beetles (order Coleoptera): adults http://quasimodo.versailles. inra.fr/…/famtot.htm www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ M. Ferro www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/ www.zin.ru/.../Coleoptera/ images/

Beetles (order Coleoptera): adults Elytra completely covering flight wings Elytra partially exposing flight wings Thorax Abdomen Elytra Head Beetles of the World 1. Lawrence et al. 1999. Copyright CSIRO 1999.

Beetles (order Coleoptera): larvae Head Thorax Abdomen Head Thorax Abdomen

Rice water weevils: family Curculionidae http://www.padil.gov.au/pbt/files/uall/38RWW.jpg http://www.aragriculture.org/images/insects /rice/ricewaterweevillarva.jpg Adult Larva Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel Lissorhoptrus simplex (Say) + 17 others in Central and South America

How to distinguish L. oryzophilus and L. simplex Have a look at this part of the hind leg (metatibia). L. oryzophilus L. simplex

What do rice water weevil larvae use to inflict feeding damage on rice? Like a combination of pointed, cutting, and gouging chisels. Mandibles Larval head, bottom view.

Rice water weevils cannot breath water, but live under it. How do they breath? Like a can opener + scuba gear, sorta. Larval spiracle used to access air pockets inside stem.

Rice levee billbug: family Curculionidae Sphenophorus spp. At least nine species occur in Louisiana. Species identification is important.

Colaspis leaf beetles: family Chrysomelidae Adult Larva

Their respective male sex organs (aedeagus). Colaspis louisianae Blake Colaspis brunnea (F.) Distinguishing Colaspis species

Colaspis feeding damage in Louisiana rice seems to mainly be caused by C. louisianae

And now for some good news, lady beetles: family Coccinellidae What people usually think of…

… but a lot of lady beetles are quite small and drab in appearance Diomus terminatus (Say)

… and are important as natural control agents of aphids. What is this Diomus larva doing to consume the aphid? Photo series, M. Ferro and W. Akbar Mandible

+ + Piercing body wall, injecting digestive fluids, sucking down liquified contents… Like a combination of tongs, a syringe, and a shop vac.

True bugs (order Hemiptera)

Head Thorax Abdomen True bugs Beak Immatures similar to adults, only lacking wings.

Rice stink bug: family Pentatomidae Oebalus pugnax (F.)

Rice stink bug beak A simple straw?

Dissection reveals a more complex apparatus. The beak comprises six individual components. Labrum=upper lip Mand. stylets=catheter Max. stylets=straw Labium=sheath

Southern green stink bug: family Pentatomidae http://insects.tamu.edu/images/insects/color/sgstink1.jpg Nezara viridula (L.) Adult Immature (nymph) http://ipm.ncsu….Southern_green_stink_bug_nymph2.jpg Compare with: green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say) http:// www.ent.iastate.edu/.../greenstinkbug.html

Aphids: family Aphidae
Bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L.
Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani
http:// extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2007/issue10/ http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3159/2900753778_69b01dcb30.jpg

Identifying aphids requires microscope slidemounts of WINGED aphids

Detail showing sensory structures on antenna used in identification Slide mounted greenbug collected in 1969

Moths, butterflies, and skippers (order Lepidoptera ) www.images.on.ca/.../ Zebra_Swallowtail.jpg www.floridata.com/.../ cloudless_sulphur.jpg www.ybis.at/natur/ …Pa163070.jpg www.fcps.k12.va.us/.. /ppolblue.jpg www.leps.it/indexjs.htm?.../ThymeSylve.htm www.fcps.k12.va.us/. ../ppolblue.jpg

Lepidoptera characters http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/butterfly-proboscis.jpg http:// www.greenville.k12.ny.us/.../cateranat.htm

Caterpiller feeding Like pinking shears. Mandibles Head, rear view.

The borer complex
Mexican rice borer: Euroma lofteni (Dyar)
Rice stalk borer: Chilo plejadellus Zincken
Sugarcane borer: Diatraea saccharalis (F.)
European corn borer: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)

http:// www.ipm.iastate.edu/.../armyworm.html http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/…Crambid%201a.jpg http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adult_sugarca... Mexican ricer borer Rice stalk borer Sugarcane borer European corn borer

Comparing personal details of sugarcane borer and Mexican rice borer…male genitalia. Mexican ricer borer Sugarcane borer Slide mounted male genitalia of Mexican ricer borer 1 1 2 2 2 1 Reiss, 1981

What about the worms? rice stalk borer Sugarcane borer Often, live specimens are easier to identify than preserved. From Stehr’s Immature Insects

European corn borer Mexican rice borer Worms, cont. Fall armyworm entweb.clemson.edu/.../pages/EuroCornBorer.htm

True flies, mosquitos, midges (order Diptera) www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/ biol/diptera.jpg

http:// animals.howstuffworks.com/.../printable Typical fly adult Typical fly larva, maggot http:// www.fishing-hotspot.co.uk/fishing-with-maggots/ Mosquito larva, also a kind of fly Head Thorax Abdomen

South American rice miner: family Ephydridae
Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski Adult Larva with damage Egg

Like these swan-necked mortise chisels, sorta.

Mites (Acarina): very different from insects
8 legs, not 6
Body not divided into head, thorax, and abdomen
Mouthparts completely different…chelicerate no mandibles
More closely related to spiders, ticks and scorpions
http:// bugsinmybed.com/mite-biology.php

Rice panicle mite: family Tarsonemidae Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley mites Male Female

http:// keys.lucidcentral.org/.../Mite_Glossary.htm Drill + syringe on a minute (cellular) level

J. Saichuk mites Brown discoloration of sheath

www.panoramio.com/photo/1057758

Taxonomic services: how you can help us help you
Identification and classification: the FIRST step in dealing with pest problems
We rely of first responders to document new pests and pest outbreaks
The first responder’s toolkit
Your local taxonomist, always cheerful and ready to help

The first responder’s toolkit Specimen vials/bottles/ziplocks Labeling supplies Field notebook Preservative: ethanol Knife w/scissors, handlens

A digital camera is also quite useful
Images rapidly transmittable
Live color shots often valuable clues in identification
Associated damage easy to document
You don’t have to be a great photographer

Accurate, precise data are essential, at minimum…
State and parish or county
General location (e.g., distance/direction to nearest town)
Specific location, GIS coords. if available!
Crop and specific location on plant or other habitat information (e.g., assoc. with damage)
Date of collection
Name of collector

Take home messages
Taxonomists and diagnosticians need your help in early detection of pests and pest outbreaks
Specialized methods are often necessary to correctly identify species and inform appropriate responses
The mechanics of feeding and nature of damage differ greatly among different insect groups and even between stages

Acknowledgments and Sources
Thanks to Natalie Hummel, staff and students at the LSAM and the LSU AgCenter for paying the bills.
Images by CEC, AgCenter, or online sources, as indicated in small print.
Louisiana State Arthropod Museum http://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/
Identification service help page: http://entomology.lsu.edu/lsam/public.htm

Questions?

Insect Morphology And Identification Carlton

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