Ap World History Presentation Verson1 3

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Ap World History Presentation Verson1 3 - Presentation Transcript

  1. Mesopotamia “The Land Between the Rivers”
  2.  
  3. KEY TERMS
        • Fertile Crescent - an area of land in south east Asia that experienced an agricultural revolution
        • Agricultural Revolution - transition from a hunting and gathering society to settlements with farming
        • Sumer - one of the first cities in the fertile crescent
        • Patriarchal Society - a male dominated society
        • Cuneiform - an early system of writing developed in the fertile crescent
        • The Epic of Gilgamesh - collection of stories about Gilgamesh, the legendary God-king of Uruk
        • Hammurabi’s Code - first set of written laws
  4. KEY TERMS (cont.…)
    • Hammurabi - a Babylonian emperor that ruled from 1792-1750 BCE.
    • City-States - independent cities with political and military control over large areas including nearby agricultural regions.
    • Ziggurat - a Sumerian temple which double as a center of trade and commerce.
    • lex talionis - “law of retribution” , or an eye for an eye, the punishment is the same as the crime.
    • Sargon of Akkad - Ruler before Hammurabi, ruled from 2370-2315 BCE
  5. What makes Mesopotamia Significant?
  6. Fertile Crescent The “Origin” of Agriculture
    • Agricultural region because of the water from the
    • Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
    • Earliest farming communities.
    • = faster development.
    • By 6000 BCE, small scale
    • irrigation had begun.
      • Led to surplus of food.
      • Forming of cities.
  7. Sumer (southern Mesopotamia)
    • People were attracted to Sumer because of it agricultural potential and later attracted because of its wealth.
    • By 5000 BCE, Sumerians were constructing complex irrigation networks.
    • By 4000 BCE they had built the world’s first cities.
      • Served as marketplaces and cultural centers.
    • But due to internal and external pressures, they transformed into city-states.
    • By 3000 BCE, it had a population of 100,000 and kings who had absolute power.
  8. Ziggurat
    • Developed around 2900 BCE by the Sumerians to record commercial and tax documents
    • Used graphic symbols to represent sounds, syllables, ideas, and objects.
    • Replaced the earlier system of pictographs.
    Cuneiform
    • Written with a reed stylus to impress symbols on wet clay.
    • Used for more than 3000 years.
  9. Hammurabi (Babylonian Empire)
    • Emperor of Babylonia, ruled from 1792-1750 BCE
    • Improved on previous administrative techniques by relying on a centralized bureaucracy and regular taxations
    • Established Babylon as the capital and put deputies to manage different territories.
    • Enforced a system of more regular taxes instead of plundering conquered lands for wealth
    • Imposed a code of laws to maintain order in his empire.
  10. Hammurabi’s Code
    • First set of documented laws.
    • Based on principal of lex talionis, the “law of retaliation”.
    • Included civil and criminal laws.
    • Laws were prejudiced; the upper class had different punishments compared to the lower class, and same is true for men and women, however laws still apply to the king.
    • The laws had a high standard of behavior with strict punishments to back it up.
    • Even though judges often relied on their own judgment when deciding on a case, these laws show an attempt to regulate punishments.
  11. Mesopotamia
    • Political - divided into 3 social classes
    • (ruling class, priests, and commoners)
    • Economical - Sumerians = early example of established trade
    • Religious - polytheistic with a focus on nature gods
    • -built ziggurats as temples and centers of commerce
    • Social - patriarchal society, wealthy upper class
    • Intellectual - developed system of writing (cuneiform) and begun studies such as mathematics and astronomy
    • Artistic - many statues of gods
    • Near - Part of the fertile crescent in the middle east (modern day Iraq)
  12. Main Themes
    • Theme 1. Humans v. Environment
      • Population trends: population increased with settlements
      • Migration: many diverse peoples migrated to the area
    • Theme 2. Cultural Interactions
      • Religions: Polytheistic originally, but also monotheistic Jews
      • Inventions: small scale irrigations, bronze/iron metallurgy, ships, and made use of the wheel.
      • Developed cuneiform, astronomy, and mathematics. (Education)
    • Theme 3. Political Structures, Expansion and Conflict
      • Political structure: City-States
      • Government: First elected kings with and assembly, but later hereditary succession. Kings = sons of the gods.
      • Empires: Sumer->Sargon->Babylon->Assyrian->New Babylon.
    • Theme 4. Economic Systems
      • Agriculture: developed effective irrigation and used commoners as laborers
      • Traded sheep, oxen, wheat, barley, pots, and fish.
      • Taxed the lower classes. Community projects.
    • Theme 5. Social Structures
      • Gender Roles: Patriarchal society, but women still had rights under Hammurabi’s code.
      • Social classes:
    Main Themes (continued)

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