Marc 21 Session 5

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    Notes on slide 1

    The subject heading fields are the 6XX fields.

    In this session, we will be focusing on the 650 field for topical headings and the 651 field for geographic headings.

    The 600, 610, and 630 fields will be discussed in the next session, when we talk about the 1XX fields.

    One of the important things to remember about subject headings is that they require authority control. Authority control is important because it allows us to maintain consistency when assigning headings, and because it shows the relationships between subject headings through cross references. You can look up authority records at the Library of Congress authorities web site.

    As you can see here, you can choose from the different types of subject headings to search on this site.

    You can also search the LC authority file in OCLC. Again, you can choose which type of heading you are looking for.

    Subfield a is where the subject heading itself goes, and the rest of the subfields are used for subdivisions. Subdivisions are exactly what they sound like – they subdivide the subject heading so that its focus is more narrow. There are a few different kinds of subdivisions, and they will make more sense when we start seeing examples.

    You can see that for this book, the topical subject heading “Children’s libraries” is subdivided to only refer to children’s libraries in the United States.

    This is a topical subject heading, so it goes in a 650 field. In the 650 field, the second indicator shows the source of the subject heading. In this case, the 0 means that it is a LCSH. You’ll notice that the “United States” goes in subfield z. In subject headings, there are different subfields for different types of subdivisions. Geographic subdivisions go in subfield z.

    This subject heading (also a topical heading) has two subdivisions.

    Subfield v is for a form subdivision – something that tells what the item is, rather than what it is about.

    “ Indians of North America” is a class of persons, which is a topical heading.

    So it gets a 650 field. Again, subfield v is used for the form subdivision of “Fiction.”

    This book also has a geographic heading, the first one we’ve seen.

    A geographic heading goes in a 651 field. It also gets the second indicator of 0, since it is still a LCSH. This subject heading has a subfield x, which indicates a topical subdivision, along with a subfield v.

    Geographic headings can be confusing because sometimes the name of country, etc., is used as a corporate body. This occurs when it is a jurisdiction. In this case, this heading is talking about the United States government, a jurisdiction.

    Since a jurisdiction is a corporate body, it goes in a 610 field – we’ll talk more about 610 fields in the next session.

    This book also has some topical subject headings.

    Some of these headings have geographical subdivisions and one has a topical subdivision.

    This book has a subject heading with three subdivisions.

    There are two topical subdivisions and one geographic subdivision.

    This book has two geographical subject headings – both names of Indian reservations.

    You will want to look these up in the authority file to make sure you have the correct form. The correct form has the state (or states) in parentheses at the end.

    This book includes three subject headings that are names of events.

    Event names are topical subject headings, so they go in 650 fields. The MARC authority information on the LC web site has a list of ambiguous headings that you should consult if you are not sure about headings like these.

    The name of a world war also counts as an event, and therefore a topical heading.

    It goes in a 650 field as well. Notice that this heading has a subfield x, for a topical subdivision.

    So far, we’ve only looked at LCSH. There is also another group of headings that you might encounter – the Library of Congress Children’s Subject Headings. In CIP information, if a subject heading is not in brackets, it is a regular LCSH, like “Children’s poetry” in this example.

    Like the other LCSH we’ve seen, it gets a second indicator of 0.

    Headings in brackets are children’s subject headings.

    The 650 field for a children’s subject heading has a second indicator of 1.

    For this book, all of the subject headings are in brackets, so they are all children’s headings. We’ll use two of them as examples.

    They both have a second indicator of 1, and in this case, they both have a subfield v to indicate the form subdivision “Fiction.”

    When using children’s headings, geographical headings still go in a 651 field. You can see in this example a subfield we haven’t seen yet – subfield y, for chronological subdivisions.

    This next book shows an example of why you should not always accept the subject headings in CIP data as correct without checking them in the authority file. You’ll notice that several of the subject headings for this book use the phrase “Afro-Americans.”

    If you go to the Library of Congress Authorities web site and search for “Afro-Americans” in the subject authority headings,

    You will find it in the list, with a red button that says “References” next to it.

    If you click on the button, it tells you to see “African Americans.”

    Clicking on that link shows you that “African Americans” is the authorized form.

    In the authority record for “African Americans,” “Afro-Americans” is listed as a Used For reference.

    This means that you should use “African Americans” instead of “Afro-Americans.” if your system is capable, when patrons search for “Afro-Americans,” they will be re-directed to “African Americans.”

    When you include the subject headings in your record, substitute “African Americans” for “Afro-Americans,” as seen here.

    Genre headings are fairly new.

    Some systems may not automatically import 655 fields – you may have to change the settings if you want them imported.

    A series heading is needed for items that, in addition to their individual title, also have a collective title along with other items. Series entries involve the 490 field and an 8XX field. This is an area of MARC that has undergone a recent change within the last year.

    In the 490 field, the first indicator shows whether or not the series title is traced. Traced means that there is an authorized form of the heading that is used. Sometimes this authorized form is the same as what appears on the item, and sometimes it is different. The 8XX field is where the authorized form is entered. The 490 field is where the series title as it appears on the piece is entered.

    The first indicator of 1 in the 490 field means that the series is traced, and the second indicator of 0 in the 830 field indicates that there are no non-filing characters (since it is a title field, this is just like the second indicator of the 245 field).

    Sometimes the volume number or other sequential designation will be given for a series item.

    This goes in subfield v in both the 490 and the 830 field.

    Here is an example of a book for which the authorized version of the series begins with the author’s name. Although the series title on the item is “The Mitford Years,”

    If you look it up in the authority file, you will see that the authorized version is a personal name heading. This goes in an 800 field. The author’s name is in subfield a, the birth date is in subfield d, and the title of the series is in subfield t.

    Again, this series heading is a name and title heading. In this case, the book has a volume number, so we include that is subfield v.

    When dealing with series fields, you will sometimes see records with 440 fields. Until 2008, 440 was used when the transcribed form of a series title and the authorized form of a series title were the same. If you have old records with 440 fields in them, your system will still index them the same, so you don’t have to go back and change them. When downloading new records, if you have the time, you should change a 440 field to a 490 field and add an 830 field with the same form of the series title.

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    Marc 21 Session 5 - Presentation Transcript

    1. Understanding MARC 21 Bibliographic Records Session 5 Presented by Emily Dust Nimsakont PowerPoint by Devra Dragos, Nebraska Library Commission; revised by Sharon Mason, Charity Martin & Emily Dust Nimsakont
    2. Agenda
      • Subject headings, 6XX
      • Series, 4XX and 8XX
    3.  
    4.  
    5.  
    6.  
    7.  
    8.  
    9. Subject headings
      • 650 = topical heading
      • 651 = geographical heading
    10. Subject headings
      • Subfields for 650 and 651
        • $a = topical or geographical subject heading
        • $x = general subdivision
        • $z = geographic subdivision
        • $y = chronological subdivision
        • $v = form subdivision
    11. x and 255 pages Has illustrations 23 centimeters Has an index Has a bibliography on pages 241-246.
    12. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s libraries $z United States.
    13. xx and 300 pages 24 centimeters Has bibliographical references
    14. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s libraries $z United States.
      • 650 _0 $a Proposal writing for grants $z United States $v Handbooks, manuals, etc.
    15.  
    16. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s libraries $z United States.
      • 650 _0 $a Proposal writing for grants $z United States $v Handbooks, manuals, etc.
      • 650 _0 $a Indians of North America $v Fiction.
    17.  
    18. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s libraries $z United States.
      • 650 _0 $a Proposal writing for grants $z United States $v Handbooks, manuals, etc.
      • 650 _0 $a Indians of North America $v Fiction.
      • 651 _0 $a United States $x Social life and customs $v Fiction.
    19. xviii and 265 pages 24 centimeters Bibliography on pages 215-220 Includes index
    20. Subject headings
      • 610 _0 $a United States. $t Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001.
    21. xviii and 265 pages 24 centimeters Bibliography on pages 215-220 Includes index
    22. Subject headings
      • 610 _0 $a United States. $t Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001.
      • 650 _0 $a Civil rights $z United States.
      • 650 _0 $a Internal security $z United States.
      • 650 _0 $a National security $x Law and legislation $z United States.
      • 650 _0 $a Terrorism $z United States $x Prevention.
    23.  
    24. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Indians of North American $x Education $z Great Plains $x History.
    25.  
    26. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Indians of North American $x Education $z Great Plains $x History.
      • 651 _0 $a Great Sioux Indian Reservation (N.D. and S.D.) $x History.
      • 651 _0 $a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (S.D.) $x History.
    27.  
    28. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Operation Torch.
      • 650 _0 $a Operation Husky, 1943.
      • 650 _0 $a Operation Dragoon, 1944.
    29.  
    30. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Operation Torch.
      • 650 _0 $a Operation Husky, 1943.
      • 650 _0 $a Operation Dragoon, 1944.
      • 650 _0 $a World War, 1939-1945 $x Participation, Indian.
    31. 256 p. Index 20 centimeters Minimal illustrations
    32. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s poetry.
    33. 256 p. Index 20 centimeters Minimal illustrations
    34. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s poetry.
      • 650 _1 $a Poetry $v Collections.
    35. Table of contents lists page ix, but no pages are marked with roman numerals 179 pages Map frontspiece 24 centimeters
    36. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s poetry.
      • 650 _1 $a Poetry $v Collections.
      • 650 _1 $a Knights and knighthood $v Fiction.
      • 650 _1 $a Middle Ages $v Fiction.
    37. Table of contents lists page ix, but no pages are marked with roman numerals 179 pages Map frontspiece 24 centimeters
    38. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a Children’s poetry.
      • 650 _1 $a Poetry $v Collections.
      • 650 _1 $a Knights and knighthood $v Fiction.
      • 650 _1 $a Middle Ages $v Fiction.
      • 651 _1 $a France $x History $y Charles V, 1364-1380 $v Fiction.
    39. 191 pages 24 cm. Illustrated with copies of black and white Photographs. Contains index. Contains bibliographical references.
    40.  
    41.  
    42.  
    43.  
    44.  
    45.  
    46. 191 pages 24 cm. Illustrated with copies of black and white Photographs. Contains index. Contains bibliographical references.
    47. Subject headings
      • 650 _0 $a African Americans $x Politics and government $v Juvenile literature.
      • 650 _0 $a African Americans $x Civil rights $x History $v Juvenile literature.
      • 650 _1 $a African Americans $x Politics and government.
    48. Genre headings
      • 655
    49.  
    50. Series
      • 490
      • 8XX
    51.  
    52.  
    53.  
    54. x and 255 pages Has illustrations 23 centimeters Has an index Has a bibliography on pages 241-246.
    55.  
    56.  
    57.  
    58. Series
      • 490 1_ $a ALA fundamentals series
      • 830_0 $a ALA fundamentals series
    59. x and 49 pages 23 centimeters Illustrations Has bibliography on pages 42-44 Has an index
    60. Series
      • 490 1_ $a ALA fundamentals series
      • 830 _0 $a ALA fundamentals series
      • 490 1_ $a BoardSource governance series ; $v bk. 7
      • 830 _0 $a BoardSource governance series, $v bk. 7
    61. xxv and 278 pages 24 centimeters Bibliography on pages 255-267 Includes index
    62. Series
      • 490 1_ $a At table
      • 830 _0 $a At table series.
    63. Page facing title page.
    64. Series
      • 490 1_ $a Mitford years
      • 800 1_ $a Karon, Jan, $d 1937- $t Mitford years.
    65.  
    66.  
    67. Series
      • 490 1_ $a Brother Cadfael chronicles ; $v 20
      • 800 1_ $a Peters, Ellis, $d 1913- $t Brother Cadfael chronicles ; $v 20.
    68. Series
      • 440
        • Recently made obsolete
        • Used when transcribed and authorized forms of series are the same
    69. Assignment
      • http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/netserv/training/marcsum09.html
      • Due by 8AM Thursday, September 3, 2009
    70. Next Session
      • Main and added entries
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