1. 1
Answer for basic test 1 chemistry
1) Drawarrangementof particlesin ( 3 marks)
i) Solid………………………………..ii) liquid…………………… iii) gas…………………….
2) Sketchgraph of meltingpointof naphthalene andmark itsmeltingpoint ( 6 marks)
i) Graph
ii) Why doesthe temperature notincrease whennaphthaleneismelting?
 Heat energyabsorbedisused
 to overcome the force of attractionbetweensolidparticles……..
iii) Draw apparatusto determine the freezingpointof naphthalene
Explain3 differencesbetweencompoundformedbetweenXandY and
molecule Y
Compoundformed between Xand Y Molecule Y
Melting point and
boiling point
(3m)
 High
 because forces ofattraction
between ions are strong ,
 so much energyis neededto
overcome the strong attraction
 Low
 because forces of attractionbetween
moleculesare weak,
 so, less energyis needed to overcome the
weak attraction
Electrical conductivity
(3m)
 Can conduct electricityinaqueous
and moltenstate
 because theycontain mobile ions
 Cannot conduct electricity
 because do not containmobile ions/ contain
onlymolecules
Volatility(1m)  Forces ofattractionbetweenions
are strong
 forces of attraction betweenmolecules are
weak,

2. 2
3)
i) ElementQismore reactive thanelementP when reactingwithoxygen.Explain ( max 4 marks)
 AtomQ has 4 occupiedshells,atomPhas 3 occupiedshells
 Size of atom Q isbiggerthan atomP
 Nuclei attractionin atomQ is weaker thaninatom P
 Therefore,the tendencytolose electron foratomQ is greaterthanfor atom P
 The greater the tendencytolose an electron ,the more reactive the atom is
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) ElementWis more reactive thanelement Rwhenreactingwithiron.Explain ( max 4 marks)
 AtomW has2 occupiedshells,atomR has 3 occupiedshells
 Size of atom W is smallerthanatomR
 Therefore NucleiattractioninatomW is stronger thanin atomR
 Therefore, the tendencytogainelectron foratomW isgreatercompared to atom R
 The greaterthe l the tendencytogainelectron ,the more reactive the atom is
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) Size of atom R issmallerthanatom P.Explain ( max 3 marks)
 Both atomR andatom P has same numberof occupiedshells,thatis3 occupied shells
 But atom R has more protonthan atom P
 Therefore nuclei attractioninatomRis more than inatom P
 Therefore electronsare pulledstrongertothe nucleusinatomR than inatom P
4) Name 3 transitionelementsandstate 3 special characteristicsof transitionelements( 6marks)
Name copper/rejectZINC/manganese,iron,chromium, nickel,platinum
Special characteristics………………………………………………………………………
 Has many oxidation states
 Form coloured ions or compounds
 Used as catalysts
 Can form complex ions
element Protonnumber
P 11
Q 19
W 9
R 17

3. 3
5) Draw apparatusfor electrolysisof moltenlead(II)
bromide( 2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) Fill inthe table below ( 16 marks)
electrolyte Half equationat
cathode
Half equationat
anode
Product at anode Product at
cathode
a) Hydrochloric acid
0.001 mol dm-3
using carbon
electrode
2H+ + 2e  H2 4OH -  2H2O +
4e + O2
Hydrogen gas Oxygen gas
b) Hydrochloric acid
1.0 mol using
carbon electrode
2H+ + 2e  H2 2Cl -  2e + Cl2 Hydrogen gas Chlorine gas
c) CuSO4 solution
using carbon
electrode
Cu+2 + 2e  Cu 4OH -  2H2O +
4e + O2
Copper metal
/copper
Oxygen gas
d) CuSO4 solution
using copper
electrode
Cu+2 + 2e  Cu Cu  Cu+2 + 2e Copper metal
/copper
Copper ion
7) Fill inthe table below ( 8 marks)
Strong acid Weak acid Strong alkali Weak alkali
State one example and
its pH
Hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid, sulphuric
acid
pH 1 or 2
Ethanoic acid, or any
organic acid
pH 5 or 6
Sodium hydroxide,
potassiumhydroxide,
calciumhydroxide
pH 13, 14
Ammonia solutionor
ammoniumhydroxide
pH 8 or 9
8) Fill inthe table below ( 4 marks)
One insoluble
chloride
One insoluble
sulphate
One soluble carbonate One insoluble
nitrate
State example AnyPAH chloride
( leadchloride, silver
chloride, mercury
chloride)
AnyPCB sulphate
( leadsulphate,
barium sulphate, or
calciumsulphate)
AnyKAN carbonate
( lpotassium carbonate,
sodium carbonate, ammonium
carbonate )
None

4. 4
9) i)( 8 marks) Name Processtomanufacture sulphuricacid ……CONTACTprocess…………………………………..
ii) Write chemical equationsfor
a) Stage 1: burningof sulphur ………S + O2  SO2
b) Stage 2: formationof sulphurdioxide 2SO2 + O2  2SO3 .
c) Stage 3: formationof oleum SO3 + H2SO4  H2S2O7.……………………………………………..
d) Stage 4: formationof sulphuricacid H2S2O7 + H2O  2H2SO4
10) ( 5 marks) Name Processtomanufacture ammonia HABERprocess
write the equationinvolved N2 + 3H2  2NH3 .…………………………………………..
11) Fill inthe table below ( 4 marks)
Type of glass/ composition Special properties/ Uses/
Soda lime glass Silicone dioxide Good chemical
durability,breaks
easily, cheap
Making electrical bulbs
b.Borosilicate
glass
Silicone dioxide High melting point,
good insulatorof heat
Resistantchemical
attack
Making cookware/Laboratory
glassware
Fusedglass Silica/
silicone dioxide
Great purityOptically
transparent/Chemically
inert/Can beheated to
high temperatures
Laboratory glassware
Lenses/Telescopemirror/Optical
fiber
d.Leadcrystal
glass
Silicone
dioxide/Sodium
oxide/Lead(II)oxide
High refractiveindex Tableware/Crystalglassware/Art
objects
12) State atoms that formalloy ( 2 marks)
i) Bronze ………copperand tin …………………………………….. ii) Brass ……copperand zinc…….
13) Why doalloyisharder thanits pure metals?( 4 marks) …………………………………………………………………….
 Size of atoms are not the same
 There are lessempty spacesbetweenthe atoms
 Atomsare notin orderlyarranged
 Therefore whenforce isappliedtoalloy,atomsdonotslipor slide easily
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