A Look at Fruit Types

Fruit Types:

“Fleshy Pericarp” Simple, Aggregate, or Multiple Fruits

Simple Fruits Develop from an single ovary

Berry • Entire pericarp is soft and fleshy – Examples: grape, elderberry, tomato

Drupe • Exocarp and Mesocarp is fleshy – Endocarp is hard • Examples: peach, plum, cherry, mango

Pome • Hypanthium forms most of fleshy tissue – Examples: apple, pear

Pepo • A berry with a hard rind for an exocarp – Examples - Cucumber, pumpkin

Hesperidium • A berry with a hard, leathery rind for an exocarp • “Citrus fruits” – Lemon, lime, orange

AGGREGATE FRUITS • Multiple ovaries on the SAME flower – Strawberry, rose

MULTIPLE FRUITS • Formed from more than one pistil of MANY flowers – Examples, pineapple, osage orange

“DRY” Pericarp • Dehiscent- splitting when dry

Dehiscent-Legume • Pod dehiscing along 2 sides – Example - pea

Dehiscent-Follicle • Pod dehiscing along 1 side – Example - milkweed

Dehiscent- Capsule • Fruit formed from more than one pistil and dehiscing in many ways – Example - impatiens, jewelweed

“Dry” Pericarp • Indehiscent- not splitting when dry

Indehiscent - Achene • Seed tightly enclosed by a dry pericarp – Example - sunflower

Indehiscent - Nut • Developed from one pistil (more than one are present) – Example - oaks

Indehiscent - Samara • A winged achene – Example - maple, ash, elm

Indehiscent - Schizocarp • Achene which splits into two parts – Example - wild carrot

Indehiscent- Capsule • Has “chambers” that dehise in many ways – Example - lily, yucca, poppy

Indehiscent- Silique • Has 2 narrow pieces separated by a partition – Example -mustard, FAST PLANTS

by Sean Nash

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