Old languages emerge and new languages are born when big things happen, and big things are happening now. In this keynote, we'll look at some of the biggest challenges facing programming evolution, and their likely impacts on programming. Functional Programming Languages have a prominent role, but also there are interesting things happening in the browser and a pendulum shift toward better type models. Speaker: Bruce Tate Keynote @ http://functionalconf.com/

1. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Fear and the Evolution of Languages
Bruce A. Tate
(Oct25), 2014

2. © 2014 Bruce Tate 42 miles, day and night (Oct25), 2014

3. © 2014 Bruce Tate Fear shapes places (Oct25), 2014

4. © 2014 Bruce Tate (You can see it from space) (Oct25), 2014

5. © 2014 Bruce Tate Fear vs. Discovery (Oct25), 2014

6. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Fear and language
creation
(Oct25), 2014

7. © 2014 Bruce Tate
(Oct25), 2014

8. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Fear and language
creation
(Oct25), 2014

9. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Fear and language
adoption
(Oct25), 2014

10. © 2014 Bruce Tate
(Oct25), 2014

11. © 2014 Bruce Tate Technology Adoption Curve (Oct25), 2014

12. Innovators
Early
Adoptors
Early
Majority
Late
Majority
Laggards
© 2014 Bruce Tate Technology Adoption Curve
(Oct25), 2014

13. Innovators
Early
Adoptors
Early
Majority
Late
Majority
Laggards
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption Curve
(Oct25), 2014

14. ... ... ... ...
© 2014 Bruce Tate
C++ Java
Cobol
Fortran Visual Basic PhP
... ... ...
Language Adoption Curve
(Oct25), 2014

15. Syntax
Types
... ... ... ...
© 2014 Bruce Tate
Cobol C++ Java
Fortran Visual Basic PhP
... ... ...
Libraries
Language Adoption Curve
(Oct25), 2014

16. HLL Structured OOP Functiona
Paradigm Adoption Curve (Oct25), 2014
© 2014 Bruce Tate

17. HLL Structured
OOP Functiona
Paradigm Adoption Curve
© 2014 Bruce Tate
Mental Model
(Oct25), 2014

18. The Chasm
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear
(Oct25), 2014

19. :( (Oct25), 2014
The Chasm
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear

20. © 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear
:) :)
:)
The Chasm
:) :)
:)
:):)
:)
:( (Oct25), 2014

21. The Chasm
People
:) :)
Tools
Jobs
:)
:) :)
Frameworks
:)
Conferences
:)
Training
:):)
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear
(Oct25), 2014

22. :( (Oct25), 2014
The Chasm
Beer
Fun
Diversity
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear

23. End: Moore; Begin: Tate
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear
(Oct25), 2014

24. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Paralyzing
Fear
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

25. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Paralyzing
Fear
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

26. Will it be abandoned?
Will I lack talent?
© 2014 Bruce Tate
Will we have to retool?
What will it cost me?
Paralyzing
Fear
Will it break?
Is it too difficult to learn?
(Oct25), 2014

27. © 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

28. © 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

29. © 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

30. Paralyzing
Fear Cobol
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014
© 2014 Bruce Tate

31. Paralyzing
Fear C(++)
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014
© 2014 Bruce Tate

32. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Paralyzing
Fear Java
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

33. Longer cycles
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear
(Oct25), 2014

34. Bigger chasms
© 2014 Bruce Tate Language Adoption and Fear
(Oct25), 2014

35. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Motivating
Fear
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

36. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Motivating
Fear
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

37. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Java
C++
Language Adoption and Fear
(Oct25), 2014

38. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Paralyzing
Fear
Motivating
Fear
-Too much to learn
-Proprietary
-Old hardware
Language Adoption and Fear
(Oct25), 2014

39. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Paralyzing
Fear
Motivating
Fear
-C++ Syntax
-Internet
-JVM
+ Deployment
Language Adoption and Fear (Oct25), 2014

40. (As late as the mid 1990s)
(10 diskettes)
© 2014 Bruce Tate Deployment Problem
(Oct25), 2014

41. (10 diskettes) X (9 registers per store)
© 2014 Bruce Tate Deployment Problem
(Oct25), 2014

42. (10 diskettes) X (9 registers per store) X (5 stores)
© 2014 Bruce Tate Deployment Problem
(Oct25), 2014

43. (10 diskettes) X
(9 registers per store) X
(5 stores) X
(3 services) X
(n fixpacks/year) ...
© 2014 Bruce Tate Deployment Problem
(Oct25), 2014

44. Now add...
© 2014 Bruce Tate Deployment Problem
(Oct25), 2014

45. Multiple vendors
Sanctioned application code
Fragile techniques
(screen scraping)
Unprotected memory
Multiple tiers
© 2014 Bruce Tate IT
(Oct25), 2014

46. Multiple vendors
Sanctioned application code
Unsanctioned apps and macros
Fragile techniques
(screen scraping)
Unprotected memory
Multiple tiers
© 2014 Bruce Tate it
(Oct25), 2014

47. Multiple vendors
Sanctioned application code
Unsanctioned apps and macros
Fragile techniques
(screen scraping)
Unprotected memory
Multiple tiers
© 2014 Bruce Tate ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(Oct25), 2014

48. © 2014 Bruce Tate Java crosses the chasm (Oct25), 2014

49. © 2014 Bruce Tate Java crosses the chasm (Oct25), 2014

50. © 2014 Bruce Tate Java crosses the chasm (Oct25), 2014

51. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Java
Java crosses the chasm (Oct25), 2014

52. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Java
Erlang (Elixir)
Clojure
Haskell
Elixir
Sc..a. la
Java crosses the chasm (Oct25), 2014

53. © 2014 Bruce Tate Today
Paralyzing
Fear
Motivating
Fear
(Oct25), 2014

54. © 2014 Bruce Tate Today
Paralyzing
Fear
Motivating
Fear
?
(Oct25), 2014

55. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Java
(Oct25), 2014

56. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Java
What’s the
best way
to eat an
elephant?
(Oct25), 2014

57. © 2014 Bruce Tate
What’s the
best way
to eat an
elephant?
(Oct25), 2014

58. 1. Building communities is easier
© 2014 Bruce Tate
(Oct25), 2014

59. 2. OO languages, FP features
© 2014 Bruce Tate
(Oct25), 2014

60. 3. Deployment options abound
© 2014 Bruce Tate
(Oct25), 2014

61. © 2014 Bruce Tate
4. Interfaces are cleaner
(Oct25), 2014

62. © 2014 Bruce Tate Today
Paralyzing
Fear
Motivating
Fear
?
(Oct25), 2014

63. © 2014 Bruce Tate
1. Code complexity
(always first)
(Oct25), 2014

64. © 2014 Bruce Tate
defmodule
VidStore
do
use
StateMachine
state
:available,
[
rent:
[
to:
:rented,
calls:
[
&VidStore.renting/1
]]]
state
:rented,
[
return:
[
to:
:available,
calls:
[
&VidStore.returning/1
]],
lose:
[
to:
:lost,
calls:
[
&VidStore.losing/1
]]]
state
:lost,
[]
...
end
(Oct25), 2014

65. © 2014 Bruce Tate
defmodule
VidStore
do
use
StateMachine
state
:available,
[
rent:
[
to:
:rented,
calls:
[
&VidStore.renting/1
]]]
state
:rented,
[
return:
[
to:
:available,
calls:
[
&VidStore.returning/1
]],
lose:
[
to:
:lost,
calls:
[
&VidStore.losing/1
]]]
state
:lost,
[]
...
end
VidStore.rent video
VidStore.return video
video |> rent |> lose
(Oct25), 2014

66. 2. Multicore and Distribution
© 2014 Bruce Tate
(the real Y2K)
(Oct25), 2014

67. © 2014 Bruce Tate
defmodule Chatroom do
use OtpDsl.GenServer, initial_state: HashDict.new()
defcall enter(name), users do
send_all(users, "#{name} has entered the room")
reply(:ok, Dict.put(users, name, _from))
end
defcall leave(name), users do
d = Dict.delete(users, name)
send_all(users, "#{name} has left the room")
reply(:ok, d)
end
defcall message(name, message) do
send_all(users, message)
reply(:ok, d)
end
defp send_all(users, message) do
Enum.each(Dict.values(users), User.send_line(&1, message))
end
end
code example: Copyright © 2014 - Peter Minten
(Oct25), 2014

68. © 2014 Bruce Tate
replaces...
(Oct25), 2014

69. © 2014 Bruce Tate
defmodule Chatroom2 do
use GenServer.Behaviour
def enter(name) do
:gen_server.call(:chatroom, { :enter, name })
end
def leave(name) do
:gen_server.call(:chatroom, { :leave, name })
end
def message(name, message) do
:gen_server.call(:chatroom, { :message, name, message })
end
def init(_args) do
{ :ok, HashDict.new() }
end
def handle_call({ :enter, name }, from, users) do
send_all(users, "#{name} has entered the room")
{ :reply, :ok, Dict.put(users, name, from) }
end
def handle_call({ :leave, name }, _from, users) do
d = Dict.delete(users, name)
send_all(users, "#{name} has left the room")
{ :reply, :ok, d }
end
def handle_call({ :message, name, message }, _from, users) do
send_all(users, message)
{ :reply, :ok, users }
end
defp send_all(users, message) do
Enum.each(Dict.to_list(users), fn { user, pid } ->
User.send_line(user, message)
end)
end
end code example: Copyright © 2014 - Peter Minten
(Oct25), 2014

70. © 2014 Bruce Tate
replaces...
(Oct25), 2014

71. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Too big to show
(Oct25), 2014

72. DSL from Dave Thomas:
https://github.com/pragdave/otp_dsl
Example from Peter Minten
Thinking in Elixir: Hiding Your Messages
http://pminten.github.io/blog/2013/09/14/thinking-in-elixir-hide-your-messages/
code example: Copyright © 2014 - Peter Minten
© 2014 Bruce Tate References
(Oct25), 2014

73. © 2014 Bruce Tate
3. Complexity
Is JavaScript the best we can do?
(Oct25), 2014

74. © 2014 Bruce Tate
import
Mouse
import
Window
drawPaddle
w
h
x
=
filled
black
(rect
80
10)
|>
moveX
(toFloat
x
-­‐
toFloat
w
/
2)
|>
moveY
(-­‐(toFloat
h
*
0.45))
display
(w,
h)
x
=
collage
w
h
[
drawPaddle
w
h
x
]
main
=
lift2
display
Window.dimensions
Mouse.x
(Oct25), 2014

75. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Java
Erlang (Elixir)
Clojure
Haskell
Elixir
Scala
...
(Oct25), 2014

76. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Erlang (Elixir)
Clojure
Haskell
Elixir
Scala
...
(Oct25), 2014

77. © 2014 Bruce Tate
Erlang (Elixir)
Clojure
Haskell
Elixir
Sc..a. la
(Oct25), 2014

78. © 2014 Bruce Tate ? (Oct25), 2014

79. DSL from Dave Thomas:
https://github.com/pragdave/otp_dsl
Example from Peter Minten
Thinking in Elixir: Hiding Your Messages
http://pminten.github.io/blog/2013/09/14/thinking-in-elixir-hide-your-messages/
code example: Copyright © 2014 - Peter Minten
© 2014 Bruce Tate References
(Oct25), 2014