Building A Platform From Open Source At Yahoo

Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! Dustin Whittle – Yahoo! Developer Network Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Overview •  Why symfony? •  symfony vs ysymfony •  What does scaling really mean? •  Social Search: Delicious and Answers •  Yahoo! Open Strategy –  What is the Yahoo! Open Stack? –  Application Platform + Developer Tool •  Developer Tools –  YUI, Design Patterns, Tutorials •  Data (YQL) & Social APIs –  YQL, Geo, Proﬁles, Connections, Updates, … –  YOS SDK for PHP •  Building an open application with symfony and YOS –  OAuth / YQL / OpenSocial Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Who am I? •  Working with symfony since open source •  symfony Core Team Member •  Responsible for the development and support of symfony at Yahoo! –  Worked with Y! Answers, Delicious, Y! Widgets, Y! Bookmarks, Yahoo! Application Platform •  Consultant –  Commercial symfony support + training (USA) Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

EXAMPLES | TUTORIALS | CODE SAMPLES DEVELOPER.YAHOO.COM Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

RASMUS LERDORF | DOUG CROCKFORD | DOUG CUTTING | CHRISTIAN HEILMANN YAHOO! HIRES OPEN SOURCE DEVELOPERS Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Users Load Balancers Frontend Apache PHP ysymfony / YUI Custom Modules APC, PEAR, PECL, Custom Extensions Backend MySQL/Oracle Web Services Ad API User API FreeBSD 4.x/6.x, Linux 2.6.x Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! needs from a frontend platfrom •  Fit existing environment (RHEL/PHP5/Apache) •  Development Cycle – How easy to develop, test, and deploy? •  Clean separation between data, logic, and display (MVC) •  Independent model layer to ﬁt service oriented architecture •  Extensible and pluggable •  Internationalization and localization support •  Detailed documentation and active community of support •  Open source and ability to contribute back Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Why a frontend presentation platform? •  Rasmus says “frameworks are not well suited for Y!” –  Build applications to requirements •  Do exactly what you need: no more, no less •  Understand that frameworks add a lot of overhead •  Choosing functional components is a better ﬁt •  Despite choosing open source or building your own –  Everyone uses a framework –  If you use open source, use only the pieces you need Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Why a framework at all? •  Another software layer (ysymfony, yphp, yapache) •  Factors out common patterns –  Code Layout –  Conﬁguration –  URL Routing –  Authentication / Security –  Form Validation / Repopulation –  Internationalization / Localization •  Encourages good design •  Abstraction > Consistency > Maintainability Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

The choice to adopt symfony? •  Philosophy –  Full-stack framework for building complex web applications –  Adopt best ideas from anywhere, using existing code if available (Mojavi, Prado, Rails, Django) •  Design –  Clean separation between Model, View, and Controller –  Controller using modules and actions –  Views using templates in straight PHP with helpers –  Easy to reuse view modules to compose a page •  Layouts, Components, Partials, Slots Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

The choice to use symfony •  Conﬁgurability / Flexibility •  Features we do not want are easily disabled •  Use of factories for easy customization •  Documentation / Support Community •  The Deﬁnitive Guide to symfony (free online) •  Excellent tutorials and example applications –  Askeet & Jobeet •  Active community with wiki, mailing lists, forums, irc channel Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Why ysymfony for Yahoo! teams? •  Eliminate common patterns by adding a layer on PHP –  Code layout/structure (MVC) –  Conﬁguration –  Internationalization •  ysymfony is just a toolkit –  Learn one set of tools •  Shift between multiple projects •  Consistency –  Long term maintainability through platform Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

How Yahoo! uses symfony •  Full Stack –  Yahoo! Bookmarks –  Yahoo! Answers –  Delicious –  Yahoo! Widgets –  Yahoo! Application Platform Developer Tool –  Corporate Reporting Tools •  Components –  Forms –  Caching –  Routing Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

symfony MVC framework Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

A look at Yahoo! Answers •  http://answers.yahoo.com •  Yahoo! Answers is the largest collection of human knowledge on the Web with more than 135 million users and 515 million answers worldwide (Yahoo! Internal Data, March 2008). •  Yahoo! Answers is the 2nd ranked education & reference site on the web (comScore) •  Available in 26 markets and 12 languages Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Yahoo! Answers at the beginning •  Started as a small development team on PHP4 from a fork of Yahoo! Taiwan Knowledge+ •  Launched December 2005 by December 2006 there were 60 million users and 65 million answers •  The code base eventually became difﬁcult to maintain and iterate new features •  Large distributed development teams (US / UK) Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

The big picture •  A complete platform for building web applications from frameworks –  PHP Framework –  JavaScript Framework –  CSS Framework –  UI Design Patterns + Best Practices –  Development Tools (logger, proﬁler, debugger, docs) –  Unit + Functional Testing Frameworks (LIME / YUI Test) –  Deployment Tools (rsync deployment system) Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

What does Yahoo! change? •  Minor changes to ﬁt our environment (bsd/php/apache) –  Most of our changes are easily implemented via factories •  Added dimensions to conﬁgurations (ysfDimensionsPlugin) •  Integrate R3 translation/template management (ysfR3Plugin) –  R3 - http://developer.yahoo.com/r3/ •  Dropped the ORM and pushed down the stack (SOA) –  Added a parallel API Dispatcher (ysfAPIClientPlugin) •  Created a build and deployment solution (ysfBuildPlugin) •  Integrate support for Y! User Interface libraries (ysfYUIPlugin) Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Propel or Doctrine or ??? •  No ORM for large projects •  Propel or Doctrine for large projects –  Doctrine for internal projects (best supported) •  Service Oriented Architecture –  Platforms as services (reusable to all) –  No heavy lifting, push down the stack –  Thin Controller/Fat Model (where model == services) •  Java/C++/Erlang + JSON/XML Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Localizing the experience with dimensions •  Cascading Conﬁguration based on YAML –  Framework -> Project -> Application -> Module •  Extending the cascade to be based on dimensions –  Dimensions can be anything (and can be chained together) •  Data Center + Environment for customizing conﬁgurations •  Culture for localizing user interface + data •  Theme for customizing look and feel •  User info (is user on corporate intranet?) •  Caching Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

symfony I18n + L10n •  Translation + Template Management –  Integrated with symfony i18n + view layers •  <r3:trans>hello</r3:trans> vs __(‘hello’) •  Dictionary Management (YALA) –  SQLite/XLIFF Backend •  Added tasks –  Importing/Exporting XLIFF dictionary –  Generating translations for projects –  Find missing strings Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

A build and deployment system •  Aggregate and minify stylesheets and javascripts •  Rewrite templates, css, js for CDN (Akamai, S3, …) •  Generate translations for conﬁgurations + templates •  Generate conﬁguration cache •  Aggregate core classes + remove debug statements •  Run lint, unit, functional tests •  Package applications as .tgz •  Deployment via rsync Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

What does it mean to scale? •  A system whose performance improves after adding hardware, proportionally to the capacity added, is said to be a scalable system. •  High Availability + Scalability + Performance •  Bigger dataset, more trafﬁc, maintainable •  Not about performance –  PHP is slow, but it is not your bottleneck •  Languages do not scale, architectures do. •  Planning to grow and planning to fail –  Capacity Planning –  Business Continuity Planning Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Scaling – Planning •  Planning hardware purchases and hosting options to have as much as you need without breaking your wallet •  Partitioning and distributing databases to support large datasets and simultaneous transactions •  Monitoring your applications to ﬁnd and clear bottlenecks •  Providing services APIs and using services from other providers to increase your site's reach and capabilities •  Think Minimal, Plan to grow, Plan to fail. Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Scaling – The basics in PHP •  PHP is rarely the bottleneck •  “Most performance comes not from the language, but from application design” - Rasmus •  Share Nothing Architecture –  Independent, self-sufﬁcient, no single point of contention –  No local storage = No PHP Sessions •  Use a database (works for distributed) •  Use a small signed cookie (ideal) –  Important data in database –  Individual expiration on session objects –  Small data items –  Use a distributed cache •  Memcache •  Forget about small efﬁciencies -- Premature optimization is the root of all evil. Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Scaling Databases – The basics •  Master/Slave Replication –  First steps –  Helps with reads, writes are still bottleneck •  Partitioning –  Segmenting data •  Sharding (horizontal partitioning) –  Segmenting data onto different physical machines –  Make problems smaller, easier to grow Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Improving latency with Caching •  Always use PHP opcode cache (APC, Xcache, etc) –  Use for routing and i18n cache •  Memcache (distributed cache) –  Use for view cache •  Distributed invalidation can be a pain •  sfViewCacheManager makes this easy! •  Be intelligent about cache_keys (uri, user, state) •  There is a ﬁne line to caching –  At what point do you spend more time managing the cache, than reading from it? Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Tweaking Performance •  Don’t use features you do not need –  settings.yml / factories.yml •  Use core_compile (aggregate classes) •  Remove debug statements (sfOptimizerPlugin) •  Do not use .htaccess (move to real apache conﬁg) •  Set a minimal include path •  Increase realpath_cache_size + realpath_cache_ttl •  Use apc.stat=0 •  Use @routeName •  Do not use components in loop Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Do it yourself for cheap •  Open source software = Free –  Apache –  PHP –  MySQL –  Memcache / Perlbal / MogileFS / Squid / Gearman –  symfony / Doctrine / Propel / Swift –  Nagios •  Amazon Shared Infrastructure = Cheap –  EC2 Cloud Computing –  S3 Distributed Storage –  SimpleDB Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Yahoo! Open Strategy Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

The Open Web Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! OS – The Open Stack Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

What does Yahoo! offer developers? •  Yahoo! Developer Network •  Developer Tools (YUI, etc) •  Social APIs •  Proﬁles •  ConnecWons •  Updates •  Data APIs •  OAuth •  Yahoo! Query Language •  Yahoo! ApplicaWon PlaYorm •  OpenSocial Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

developer.yahoo.com Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

What is Yahoo! Developer Network? The Yahoo! Developer Network offers open source tools and open data APIs to make it easy for developers to build applications and mashups. •  50+ APIs / Web Services –  Developer Dashboard –  Tutorials + Code Samples –  API Documentation •  Yahoo! User Interface libraries + ASTRA •  Design Patterns Library •  PHP / Python / Ruby Dev Centers •  Evangelism: Conferences / Theater / Blogs / Events Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! Developer Network – YUI Javascript •  JavaScript Framework –  Utilities - YAHOO, Dom, Event, Animation, Browser History Manager, Connection Manager, Cookie, DataSource, Drag and Drop, Element, Get, ImageLoader, JSON, Resize, Selector, Loader –  Controls / Widgets - AutoComplete, Button, Calendar, Charts, Color Picker, DataTable, ImageCropper, Rich Text Editor, Slider, Uploader –  Container (Module, Overlay, Panel, Tooltip, Dialog), Layout Manager, Menu, TabView, TreeView –  Debug – Logger, Proﬁler, Test Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! Developer Network – YUI CSS •  CSS Foundation –  Reset - Neutralizes browser CSS styles –  Base - Applies consistent style foundation –  Fonts - Foundation for typography and font-sizing –  Grids - Thousands of wireframe layouts •  User Interface Design Patterns Library –  Proven solutions to common interfaces –  http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/ –  Grade Browser Support / Progressive Enhancement Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! Developer Network – Documentation •  More than 275 functional examples –  http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/examples/ •  YSlow + Performance Rules –  http://developer.yahoo.com/performance •  YUI Blog –  http://yuiblog.com/ •  Mailing List @ Yahoo! Groups –  http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ydn-javascript/ Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

A Query Language for the Web SELECT * FROM INTERNET Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Before YQL •  Thousands of Web Services that provide valuable data •  Require developers to read documentation and form URLs/queries. •  Data is isolated •  Needs combining, tweaking, shaping even after it gets to the developer. Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! Open Stack – YQL •  SQL-Like Language –  Synonymous with Data access –  Familiar to developers –  Expressive enough to get the right data •  Self Describing - show, desc table •  Allows you to query, ﬁlter and join data across Web Services. Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

YQL – Open Tables •  Twitter •  Delicious •  Weather •  Dopplr •  Wesabe •  Friendfeed •  Whitepages •  Github •  Zillow •  New York Times •  …. •  Shopping Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le Available on github ‐ h[p://github.com/spullara/yql‐tables/

YQL – Open Tables Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

YQL - Examples •  select * from social.connections •  select * from delicious.feeds.popular •  select * from ﬂickr.photos.interestingness •  select * from friendfeed.status •  select * from github.checkins Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

YQL – Javascript Execute •  Allows executing of javascript on the server side to mashup (join, ﬁlter, etc) •  Makes combining many web services very simple •  Support for Oauth Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

YQL – API End Points OAuth Endpoint •  http://query.yahooapis.com/v1/yql?q=... Public Endpoint •  http://query.yahooapis.com/v1/public/yql?q= YQL Console •  http://developer.yahoo.com/yql/console Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! Open Stack – Application Platform •  Allows developers to deploy their own web based applications on Yahoo! •  Multiple Views: Small and Canvas •  Social Context: the new Yahoo! Social Directory •  OpenSocial 0.8 Javascript APIs Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! Open Stack – Open Applications Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Y! Open Stack – SDKs PHP SDK Available Open and OAuth Applica$ons Ac$onScript 3 SDK Available Open Applica$ons Objec$veC SDK Available Open and OAuth Applica$ons Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

YOSSDK – Methods 3‐Legged OAuth 2‐Legged OAuth getSessionedUser (session) setSmallView (applicaWon) getOwner (session) query (applicaWon) getUser (session) query (session) getPresence (user) setPresence (user) listUpdates (user) listConnecWonUpdates (user) insertUpdate (user) deleteUpdate (user) loadProﬁle (user) getConnecWons (user) getContacts (user) setSmallView (user) Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

YOSSDK – 2-Legged OAuth Used For: ‐  Public user data and open APIs Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

YOSSDK – 3-Legged OAuth Used For: ‐  Private data access Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Building an Open App : CommonGround Experience: Basic Web Dev Knowledge – PHP/HTML/CSS/ Javascript What we are building: Common ground – Find out what you have in common with your social graph: music, movies, books, hobbies. What we will use: YOSSDK, YQL, YAP Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le h*p://developer.yahoo.com/dashboard

CommonGround available on GitHub http://github.com/dwhittle/commonground Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

QUESTIONS? (I will be around for the whole event, so please do say hello and ask questions) Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

WANT TO JOIN YAHOO? WE ARE HIRING AND HAVE INTERNSHIPS! Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

ENJOY THE REST OF SYMFONYLIVE 2009 EXAMPLES | TUTORIALS | CODE SAMPLES DEVELOPER.YAHOO.COM Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Books worth reading Building a platform from open source at Yahoo! | Dus$n Whi*le

Building A Platform From Open Source At Yahoo

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