International papers

Volume 113, Issue 1, Pages 39-43 (January 1999)Sub-national response in HIV/AIDS: a case study in AIDS prevention and control fromSindh province, PakistanAA Hydera, OA Khan Mrb , SA Shahc, MA Memond, MR Khananid, S AlieAccepted 28 July 1998.AbstractHIV/AIDS in Pakistan is slowly gaining recognition as a public health issue of great importance.However, the responses to the disease have been marred by lack of coordination andcommitment. We examine, in this paper, the situation in the Sindh province of Pakistan, which isrecognized as having the sole fully functioning AIDS prevention and control programme in thecountry. In discussing the results of the Sindh programmes activities we highlight progress madeas well as gaps in data and surveillance. We also recommend strategies for implementation at theprovincial and national levels. In addition this example of a sub-national government programmeprovides a case study for similar programmes in the region.Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Pakistan, South Asia, policy

Volume 38, Issue 2, Pages 133-137 (February 1998)Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV amongoperation room personnelS.A. Mujeeb, Y. Khatri, R. KhananiReceived 12 March 1997; accepted 21 May 1997.AbstractA study was designed to determine the frequency of needle-stick injuries, immunization statusfor hepatitis B virus (HBV) and seroprevalence of HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among operation room personnel. Self-assessmentquestionnaires were completed and blood tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc (total), anti-HCV and anti-HIV. Of 114 operation room personnel studied, the majority (58·8%) reported more than fourneedle-stick injuries per year, 36·8% one to three needle-stick injuries per year, while 4·4%reported no needle-stick injury in the last five years. Thirty-six percent of personnel had receiveda complete course of hepatitis C vaccination. There was serological evidence of hepatitis HBVvirus and/or HCV infections in 31% of the studied population. Four percent were reactive forHCV infection, 7·5% for HBsAg infection and 25·43% for anti-HBc (total); none was HIVpositive. Eighty percent of the HCV positive and 55% of the anti-HBc (total) positive personnelhad more than four needle-stick injuries per year in the last five years, while 75% HBsAg-reactive personnel had received one to three needle-stick injuries per year. This study indicates aneed for continued efforts to minimize the risk of blood-borne infection by enhancing thecompliance of operation room personnel with HBV vaccination and adherence to infectioncontrol measures.Keywords: Parenteral exposure, seroprevalence, HIV, HBV, HCV, infections, operation roompersonnel

Trop Doct. 1997 Jan;27(1):45-6.Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and HCV antibodies in hepatocellular carcinomacases in Karachi, Pakistan.Abdul Mujeeb S, Jamal Q, Khanani R, Iqbal N, Kaher S.Blood Transfusion Services, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer the world over. In Pakistan it has anincidence of 8/ 100,000 per annum. To assess the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) andHepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in biopsy proven cases of HCC a serological study wasconducted at Screening Laboratory of Blood Transfusion Services, Jinnah Postgraduate MedicalCentre. Of 54 sera of HCC tested for HBV and HCV infections, 67% showed HBV infection,and 33% HCV infection. Among them 24% were positive for both HBV and HCV infections. NoHBV and HCV infection was found in 24% cases of HCC. Our findings suggest viral associationfor most of the HCC cases reported in the country. We suggest an immediate interventionstrategy to prevent the spread of HBV and HCV infections by mandatory screening of blood forHBV and HCV infections, and the use of disposable/sterilized needles, instruments for allinvasive procedures. For the prevention of vertical transmission of HBV infections all pregnantwomen should be screened and vaccinated and HBV vaccination should also be included in EPI(expanded programme for immunization).PMID: 9030022 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

J Pak Med Assoc. 2006 Jan;56(1 Suppl 1):S12-5.Understanding the HIV/AIDS context in Pakistan.Ali S, Khanani R, Tariq WU, Shah SA.Pakistan AIDS Prevention Society, Services Hospital, Government of Sindh, Karachi.Republished from:Venereology. 1995 Aug;8(3):160-3.AbstractThe social context of sexual relations is important in understanding the AIDS epidemic. So far,HIV in Pakistan has spread by heterosexual contact and blood transfusions. The magnitude of theproblem is difficult to assess but health authorities estimate between 10,000 to 12,000 HIVinfected people. This paper outlines that rapid urbanization, together with single migrantworkers, deported HIV infected expatriates, exploitation of women and easy availability ofnarcotic drugs, especially in the metropolis of Karachi, are some important factors that may beresponsible for the spread of HIV in Pakistan (Venereology 1995;8 [3]:160-3).PMID: 16689475 [PubMed]

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