Assisting Municipalities in Implementing NPDES Phase II Stormwater Programs Wendi Hartup & Mitch Woodward Area Environmental Agents

Phase II: Burden for Small Communities NPDES Phase II’s - 80% < 20,000 (40 < 5,000) Difficult for small municipalities to provide the expertise and resources 116 Phase II jurisdictions have nearly identical permit requirements

NPDES Phase II’s - 80% < 20,000 (40 < 5,000)

Difficult for small municipalities to provide the expertise and resources

116 Phase II jurisdictions have nearly identical permit requirements

Needs of ‘Phase II’s’ Seeking input at the beginning ‘ Turn – Key’ Training Needed for Staff Workshops / Tours in convenient locations Providing “how-to” guidance and specific examples Showcasing examples of effective stormwater ordinances Encouraging partnerships Including Phase I’s in training

Seeking input at the beginning

‘ Turn – Key’ Training Needed for Staff

Workshops / Tours in convenient locations

Providing “how-to” guidance and specific examples

Showcasing examples of effective stormwater ordinances

Encouraging partnerships

Including Phase I’s in training

Improving Field Staff Understanding - Why did our city start this program? Because we have to! (Comply with federal & state rules.) To protect local water quality. To present a positive image to the community. www.ncsu.bae.edu/stormwater

Because we have to!

(Comply with federal & state rules.)

To protect local water quality.

To present a positive image to the community.

Development Impacts on the Water Cycle Photos: NEMO 50% 10% 15% 55%

Photo: Forest History Society

Phase II Six Minimum Measures Goal: reduce pollutants in urban stormwater compared to existing levels in a cost-effective manner. Public Education and Outreach Public participation/Involvement Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Construction Site Runoff Control Post-Construction Runoff Control Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping

Goal: reduce pollutants in urban stormwater compared to existing levels in a cost-effective manner.

Public Education and Outreach

Public participation/Involvement

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination

Construction Site Runoff Control

Post-Construction Runoff Control

Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping

Pollution Prevention & Good Housekeeping: What is it? Keeping our own local government facilities clean to reduce pollution to our streams and rivers. www.ncsu.bae.edu/stormwater

Federal and state rules require that stormwater staff inspect each city facility annually and correct any pollution prevention and good housekeeping problems right away. Photo: EPA www.ncsu.bae.edu/stormwater

Fueling, washing and maintaining vehicles Storing materials Handling garbage Maintaining streets, rights-of-way and parking lots Maintaining landscaping and open space Preventing and responding to spills Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination This program covers. . . www.ncsu.bae.edu/stormwater

Fueling, washing and maintaining vehicles

Storing materials

Handling garbage

Maintaining streets, rights-of-way and parking lots

Maintaining landscaping and open space

Preventing and responding to spills

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination

Where do these activities occur? Fleet Maintenance Transfer Station Animal Shelters Wastewater Treatment Plant Water Treatment Plant Construction Debris Site Transit Authority Vehicle Wash Operations Airport Public Works Operations Prisons Emergency Service Facilities Fire Stations Landfills Schools Parks Waste Recycling Centers Pump Stations www.ncsu.bae.edu/stormwater

Fleet Maintenance

Transfer Station

Animal Shelters

Wastewater Treatment Plant

Water Treatment Plant

Construction Debris Site

Transit Authority

Vehicle Wash Operations

Airport

Public Works Operations

Prisons

Emergency Service Facilities

Fire Stations

Landfills

Schools

Parks

Waste Recycling Centers

Pump Stations

Fueling, washing and maintaining vehicles

Store used fluids properly.

Store used fluids properly.

Be aware of leaks nears drains! Look for and correct leaks on or around equipment.

What are the differences between these two fueling stations? What can you do to reduce pollution here? www.ncsu.bae.edu/stormwater

Have spill kits readily available and use them!

Avoid Situations Like This!

Storing materials

Used and Bulk Oil Storage: Well Maintained and Neat!

Neatly organized materials.

Moisture + Iron + Temps above 32F = RUST !!!

Maintain curb and gutters free of soil and trash.

Handling garbage

Keep trash dumpster lids closed. Keep liquid and hazardous wastes out of dumpsters.

Good Bad Ugly x

Maintaining streets, rights of way and parking lots

Maintain curb and gutters free of soil and trash. Minimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides in and adjacent to curbs. Photo: NCSU TurfFiles Center

If you’ve got it, use it!

Landscaping and open space Image: Cumberland Co. Cooperative Extension Center

Round-Up Gone Wild! Maintain a buffer zone of grasses or natural vegetation between maintained turf and waterways.

Pollution Source?: Yes No Don’t Know

A broom doesn’t always mean good housekeeping! Don’t sweep or blow fertilizer or yard waste into the storm drain.

Spill Response

Keep emergency contacts and dry clean up materials in vehicles. Photo: HMHTTC

Main goal: Keep spills out of the storm drain. Photo: Spill Containment Inc.

Keep spill response kits near potential spill areas.

For more information on Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping, see: http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/phase2/measure6.htm The web site contains sample inspection forms for different types of facilities (all approved by DWQ). www.ncsu.bae.edu/stormwater

Discharges into storm drainage systems (pipes, streams, ditches, water bodies) which are not composed entirely of stormwater and have not been permitted. Illicit Discharges (IDs)

Best Conditions for Finding IDs: Prolonged dry periods Non-growing season: fall – winter – early spring Low ground water levels Stop during rainfall

Prolonged dry periods

Non-growing season: fall – winter – early spring

Low ground water levels

Stop during rainfall

Key: No runoff event for the last 48 - 72 hours

Eyes / Nose / Ears: Use your eyes - Materials dumped illegally into storm drains? - Small pipes draining and it hasn’t rained? - Spilled oil or paint, colored water, foam, floatables? Use your nose - Unusual odors - Sewer smell - Detergent ‘clean’ smell - Fuel / oil Use your ears - Small pipes draining and it hasn’t rained?

Use your eyes

- Materials dumped illegally into storm drains?

- Small pipes draining and it hasn’t rained?

- Spilled oil or paint, colored water, foam, floatables?

Use your nose

- Unusual odors

- Sewer smell

- Detergent ‘clean’ smell

- Fuel / oil

Use your ears

- Small pipes draining and it hasn’t rained?

Note ‘Stream-side’ Activities - Construction Activity? Wastewater from sewers and septic systems? Vehicle maintenance activities? Industrial areas – commercial sites? Direct dumping into storm drains or streams?

Construction Activity?

Wastewater from sewers and septic systems?

Vehicle maintenance activities?

Industrial areas – commercial sites?

Direct dumping

into storm drains

or streams?

What if you find something? Fill Out Data Collection Sheet Inform Municipal Stormwater staff

Fill Out Data Collection Sheet

Inform Municipal Stormwater staff

Where to Report Possible IDs: Local Municipal Stormwater Contact - list DENR Stormwater Page - http://www.ncstormwater.org/

Local Municipal Stormwater Contact

- list

DENR Stormwater Page - http://www.ncstormwater.org/

&quot;Quiz Time&quot;

Violation? Yes, this is an illicit discharge What is it? Paint Spill Charge? Company owner was notified Action taken? Paint was cleaned that day!

Violation? Yes, this is an illicit discharge What is it? Antifreeze dripping and flowing across the parking lot Charge? Multiple offences, met with district managers Action taken? Managers will send letter biannually to all shops about Illicit Discharge Ordinance.

Violation? No What is it? Air Conditioning Condensation

Violation? Yes, this is an illicit connection What is it? Discharge from residential washing machine Charge? First Offense, Letter of violation requiring cease discharge Action taken? Property owner capped the pipes and discontinued use of washing machine

Violation? No What is it? Bacterial Growth in almost Stagnant Water

Violation Yes, this is an illicit connection What is it? Disconnection of sewer service Charge? First Offense, Letter of violation requiring property owner to fix the connection Action taken? Public Utilities worked with property owner to repair the connection

Violations? Yes, this is an illicit discharge, but better to educate rather than fine. What is it? Fertilizer and Lawn waste

Good Rules of Thumb If anything looks suspicious or out of place, it’s worth investigating… Call Public Works! If you see a pipe draining water but it hasn’t rained for a few days, this may be an illicit connection… Call Public Works! Help be an extra set of eyes in the field!

If anything looks suspicious or out of place, it’s worth investigating… Call Public Works!

If you see a pipe draining water but it hasn’t rained for a few days, this may be an illicit connection… Call Public Works!

Help be an extra set of eyes in the field!

Deliverables The How to Do Phase II web site: ( http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/phase2 ) 25 “How to Do Phase II” workshops Four “train the trainer” workshops Time Cost: 40 hours a piece to advertise, travel, plan, make site visits, make slides and teach each workshop / tour.

The How to Do Phase II web site: ( http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/phase2 )

25 “How to Do Phase II” workshops

Four “train the trainer” workshops

Time Cost: 40 hours a piece to advertise, travel, plan, make site visits, make slides and teach each workshop / tour.

Outcomes 18 workshops 522 participants Participants included: public utilities, town operations, stormwater, landscaping, facilities management, police, and fire. 5 illegal vehicle wash areas eliminated Additional spill stations Fuel dispensing standard operating procedures (SOP’s) developed Improved site cleanup frequency Improved stormwater BMP maintenance New drain guards Re-designed their solid waste transfer station New vehicle wash bays Training value - $25-30 per participant

18 workshops

522 participants

Participants included: public utilities, town operations, stormwater, landscaping, facilities management, police, and fire.

5 illegal vehicle wash areas eliminated

Additional spill stations

Fuel dispensing standard operating procedures (SOP’s) developed

Improved site cleanup frequency

Improved stormwater BMP maintenance

New drain guards

Re-designed their solid waste transfer station

New vehicle wash bays

Partners – ‘How to Do Phase II’ Bill Hunt - Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Annette Lucas - Extension Associate Mitch Woodward - Area Environmental Agent Wendi Hartup - Area Environmental Agent Christy Perrin and Patrick Beggs - Watershed Education for Communities and Officials Mike Randall - NC DENR Division of Water Quality Stormwater Unit Chrystal Bartlett - NC DENR Stormwater Education and Outreach Coordinator

Bill Hunt - Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist

Annette Lucas - Extension Associate

Mitch Woodward - Area Environmental Agent

Wendi Hartup - Area Environmental Agent

Christy Perrin and Patrick Beggs - Watershed Education for Communities and Officials

Mike Randall - NC DENR Division of Water Quality Stormwater Unit

Chrystal Bartlett - NC DENR Stormwater Education and Outreach Coordinator