3. • Production involves the creation of the media
product and is the responsibility of the
PRODUCTION COMPANY
• Preproduction-Production-Postproduction
• Before this stage FINANCE must be arranged.
– British funding – BFI, Lotteries, Production
Companies, Businesses
– USA – Conglomerates provided financial backing
Production
4. Producers
• Producers are frequently the first person to
become involved in a project; they participate
directly in all the main producing phases; and see
the project through production, to post-
production, marketing and distribution.
• The Producer's is role to turn story ideas into
profitable cinematic entertainment, and to
persuade others to share in his or her commercial
and creative vision. Producers usually report to
the production company, or to the Executive
Producers appointed to supervise the production
on behalf of the financiers and Distributors.
5. Responsibilities
• Producers have overall control on every aspect of
a film's production, bringing together the
Screenwriters, Director, cast, finances and
production team.
• Their primary responsibility is to foster an
environment in which the creative talents of the
cast and crew can flourish - Producers are
therefore ultimately accountable for the success
of the finished film.
• Producers many responsibilities span all four
phases of production
6. Distribution
• The Invisible Art – process known only to
those within the industry, barely written
about and also imperceptible to everyone
else.
Producers AudienceDistribution
8. Distribution
• Releasing and Sustaining a film in the market
place
• Worked best when the three key stages
(Production, Distribution, Exhibition) are linked or
controlled by the same company
• UK system has more focus on marketing and
sustaining a film in the local market
• Independent Studios struggle to get distribution -
No formal connection between Producers,
distributors and exhibitors
• Collaboration – need to get a major company on
side - £££££££££££££$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
9. Distribution = Power
• Films can not be financed without the help of
distributors
• They have clout with theatre owners (or are
often the owners)
• Brand name recognition
• Own copyright
• Access to capital
12. • Key Terms
– Wide/Blanket/Saturation Release
– Platform release
– Limited Released/Art House Release
Distribution
13. Marketing
• What techniques can be used to market a
film?
• In recent years the general tactic has been to
‘go big’
• The movie business is cyclical and seasonal
– Summer
– Christmas
– Long holiday weekends (USA)
14. Marketing
• Every major Hollywood studio/distribution has
an internal department for promotion and the
resources to promote (TV, Magazines, Radio)
• The marketing campaign will be cohesive
across all media platforms
• Most common forms are teaser trailers,
trailers, Adverts in News papers and
Magazines, Television spots, Radio promo,
internet (official websites, viral sites, social
networking) and billboards.
15. Marketing
• Teaser Trailer – very little info but ‘cool’ looking
• Theatrical Trailer – done by specialist production
houses
• Official Website (with the Trailer), builds as release
date gets closes and is only the start of the internet
campaign
• Press Junket
• A few weeks before release - Publicity Blitz (esp
internet)
• Product tie-ins and corporate partnerships (Happy
Meal)
• Publicity Stunt (The Dark Knight, The Simpsons
Movie)
16. Marketing
• Newspapers: 10.1%
• Network TV: 21.6%
• Spot TV (individual stations) 13.9%
• Internet: 4.4%
• Theatrical Trailers: 4.2%
• Other media (cable TV, radio, mags,
billboards):24%
• Other non media (market research,
promotion/publicity, creative services): 21.8%
17. • Exhibition is the retail branch of the film industry.
• What the exhibitor sells is the experience of a
film (and, frequently, concessions like soft drinks
and popcorn).
• Because exhibitors to some extent control how
films are programmed, promoted, and presented
to the public, they have considerable influence
over the box-office success and, more
importantly, the reception of films.
• Exchange is about the relationship between the
audience and institution and what they ‘do’ with
the exhibition
Exhibition/ Exchange
18. • Exhibition is divided into two sections:
- Cinema – the distributor is paid by the cinema
for a copy of the film
- Home – the distributor is paid by the company
who is selling the film for a copy
• A film’s success is often decided on the
amount of money it makes during it’s cinema
release. This is known as the Box Office
Takings
• Home Exhibition is becoming an increasing
valuable and varied source for distributors to
increase profits.
Exhibition/ Exchange
19. PROMOTIONAL
SCREENINGS
CINEMAS HOSPITALITY DVD RENTAL PAY TV/VoD DVD RETAIL FREE TV LIBRARY
COMMERCIAL VENUE EXHIBITION EXHIBITION AT HOME
Copies of the film are released for exhibition in different stages.
Source: UK Film Council, CEA, BVA, ERA
Exhibition/ Exchange
20. • Cineworld and Odeon are the two biggest
multiplexes here
• In American there is a lot more choice but the
biggest ones seem to be Cinemark (294) Regal
Entertainment (545), AMC (378) and Carmike
(244)
• There are very strong laws in America about
the separation of Production Companies and
Exhibitors.
Exhibition/ Exchange
22. • Why are people not going to the cinema? Give
as many reasons as possible.
Exhibition/ Exchange
23. • Home Entertainment
– What is it? List as many examples of film based
‘home entertainment’
• This a thriving part of the industry esp here in
the UK. We buy or rent 350m films a year and
it is worth close to £3b a year (three times
that of ticket prices)
Exhibition/ Exchange
Editor's Notes
What would you expect to happen at each stage
Most important part of the film industry. It is the connection between Producers and Audience
Positioning:
Involves how and when the film should be released. Elements to be considered are the time of year, other film releases and the target audience.
Circulation:
how many copies of the film should be circulated to cinemas.
Each print costs around £1000.
The distributor should decide whether the film requires a ‘saturation release’ (700-1000 prints) or an ‘art-house release’ (around 20 prints)
Release:
Timing is crucial. School holidays are a prime time within the year for the release of blockbusters.
If the film is a potential award winner, then it will be released during the traditional season of awards competition: January to March.
Competition must also be considered.
Marketing:
Can often cost as much as making the film!!!
Main aim is to create a ‘must see’ feeling about the film.
Word-of-mouth is a powerful marketing aid for a film.
Each print costs at least $2000 – 3000 screens $6mill 4000 is average now – was in the 100’s in the 1980s.
37000 screens in US
Post it notes – one idea per post-it then on the board
Post it notes – one idea per post-it then on the board
Post it notes – one idea per post-it then on the board
Post it notes – one idea per post-it then on the board
Post it notes – one idea per post-it then on the board
Commercial may refer to:
Advertising, commercial messages
Radio advertisement, via the medium of radio
Television advertisement, via the medium of television