SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 120
Download to read offline
ေရနံ၊ဓါတ္ေငြ႔စြမ္းအား
မာတိကာ Pages
Electric Generation 1 – 8
Gas Turbine 9 – 28
Steam Turbine 29 – 39
Boiler 40 – 51
Pressurized Water Reactor 52 – 62
Singapore Power 63 – 56
Petronas (Malaysia) 67 – 86
Total (S.A) Franch 86 – 93
Singapore JTC Development 94 – 108
ခ်မ္းသာေသာႏိုင္ငံမ်ားစာရင္း ႏွင့္ ျမန္မာ 109 – 112
ျမန္မာျပည္ရင္းႏွီးျမဳတ္ႏွံမႈ၊ တရုပ္အမ်ားဆံုး 113 - 114
ေျပာစရာနည္းနည္း ရိွလို႔ပါ 115 - 119
Presented by
ေဇာ္ေအာင္ (မံုရြာ)
ေအးျငိမ္း (ေလးမ်က္နာ)
!"#$
!"%$ & ' ( ) & *
& &
+!,
&
&
&
& & & & &
&
- .-
#$$"
+#,
////
! )
# (
# ! &
# #
# %
# 0 1
% /
0 &
2 /
Page 1 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
))))
/ & &
3
& &
&
!""!
+0,
((((
*
- 4 *
&
&
3
5 4 *
6 -
7
" 4
-
#$$68
+%,
Page 2 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
&
-
9 : ();
<
& &
= > 3
&
( & &
& & & - / !""0 >
& "$
&&&&
< & &
( ?
& 1 & & &
- *
---- > & &*
5
&
= & &
& &
& / &
& & &
& &
@ :
; /
8
## 2 : &
Page 3 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
&
6$A
& &*
'
*
&
:
&
& B
&
1 & *
> & &
& &
> ( &
-
&
- & & &
; &
) ;
&
' &
&
&
- B -
-
< &
1 .
Page 4 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
. &
< &
4 >
@ > &
?
%$A &
1 0$A &
4
+6,
.
&
& &
&
= & 0$A & : C /
5 C
1111
9 &
- >
&
&
= 9 &
= 9 3
' >
>& ();
& 4
< >
@ 5 .-< 1
B
+2,
> &
?
Page 5 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
& 1
&
& &
/ D& D
+7,
& 3 &
&
& 4
3 &
////
( * &
&&&&
( *
. - &
& #$$2
#2A & / C
////
( *: & /
(
8 .
- 0$
& & & > .-
& 4
+",
----
#$$2
Page 6 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
&
; & -
; &
E: = ; & : =;
@ & &
&
: -
: < & ; -
@
(
B
9
9
! FFFF G = E *
(
G *HH H& H& H H& H
@ ) ;
8 # $7
&
Page 7 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
# FFFF *HH H H H H & !I!
% FFFF ;: ( H1& GJ < #$$7 D@K J
#$$6 * B D *HH H H H H >
> ; *HH H H H H > >
#$$7>$2>#%
0 FFFF - - * ; /
*HH H H 4 H I- I-
2 FFFF 5 - #$$2>!#>%$ D( 5 /
4 D *HH H H H%0#62H
< *HH H H H%0#62H
#$$7>$7>!6
6 FFFF 5 < - /
*HH H H02$% #$$6>!#>$2 .- ;
7 FFFF G@ . ' - = <
*HH H H H &; LMA#$G#$$%>$N>#0GOP60N$
#$$%>$N>#0 .- ; D!% 67$ > &
0$ & 7 #7
!2 D
" FFFF *HH H H H#$$%7%#6N$I & $%
4444
; ' *HH H H I & H
+!, *HH & H H H2$%H 4 51 '-* -
D *HH H H I D
/ * & Q Q
#$ & #$!$ #%*#7
4 & / / < & >- < @ 8
- .
R = >
3
Page 8 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
!
"
#
$
% % &
'' % (
#
%
!
)*+
$$$$
, -
. &
/ &
/ , % % !
/ .
/ /
/ 0
/ 0 , $
/ + &
/ 1 2
Page 1 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
----
,+34- (# " 5 - (
'
,+334& 6$ ) 6 7 8
-
,++,4& 9 : %
;,<
,1.=4) %
% % >
/ ? @ !
/ * A
0 #
+ %
+ , B 2 8 $ > > "
+ , , $ $
+ , . 2 $
+ , / >
+ , 0 A
+ . &
+ / &
+ 0 C %
+ + A
1 %
? % %
? , %
? . : %
* @
= 2
,3
,, #
Page 2 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
,1?*4 8 !
,?=,4 % ) > #
- % &
,*?.4 : '@ ' %
,*=04@ $ B
% & %
&
,*=+4& 0 ,33 B $
B @
,=3/4 C D #
% E
,, % " -
@
,=,/4C & & >
,=,04 $ $
,=,*4F #
%
,=.34& %
" :
,=/34@ ! -
%
% %
D # & ,=/?
,=/042GB B
,=/14- % F A - %
@ % #
&&&&
>
Page 3 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
%
4
, 4 % % %
. 4 %
% %
/ 4
% %
&
$
A %
2
$
"
A
@ % % 4
H H H % %"
- % 9
A ! " %
" % %
"
&
>
Page 4 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
'
) ,3333 ,33333
& ! & %
&
%
&&&&
% %% %% %% % !!!!
! '
)
!
" !
9
%
% %
9
&
& #7A.+33 7A1333
%
9
: !
:
Page 5 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
;.<;/<
% %
7 @ 2
& %
;0<
A !
;+<
& @
;+<
7 % %
@%
A !
@
;1<
BE
& %
" !
% %
%
'
& 5 13I5
%
% %
;?<
&
4
%
#-
& 0*3
13I
Page 6 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
@
9
; <
& %
; <
& %
>
% '
% %
,33 /33 % /+J03I
; <
& % 03I 6$
%
; < %
+* 6
;*<
$$$$
A 4$
F % %
%
%
%
9
&&&&
& %
9 "
Page 7 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
&
6 6 6C,6" 6B
& 6 6C.6" &
2222
A 42
,=1/ ) A % K 8L C 8
% F
% 9
@ !@ !@ !@ !
!
A ) K
@ ( A
& :/H1?
;=<
& ..
; <
AAAA
4
&
A & $
& $ "
& -
B @ "
AAAA
&
% &
@ !
%
: 2B
Page 8 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
'
B %
#
' &
A % % %
! %
%
' A
% % % ! %
;,3<
- %
9
9
A %
%
% % %
&
#*+
A
2
#
& .+ /+I
*3I %
A& ' ! ,==3
B - #
(
Page 9 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
! B %
A %
% + 1I B #
7 % ,.3,+3 H A &( '
% +33?33 H ,.33,+33 H
;,,<
####
A
% %
# % '
"
% &
%
!
@% % >F&#C
E@ ' 1 + A '
>&F7 %
9 C % .33= '
.+3 >&F7
, *33M$ / /33M "
> % '
%%%%
%
% !
%
Page 10 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
&
%
%
- % %
%
2BA %
% %
%
&
% %
%
& % %
% 9
N
%
B 2B 2B 2B 2 8 $ > > "8 $ > > "8 $ > > "8 $ > > "
%
$
;,.<
;,/<
A
&
% %
$ $$ $$ $$ $
,=+3 2 > $ # A >
2 % % & )#&,
& ,=+32 % )#&,
& ,=1? @&BF &
@
A @ -
A B O
,=1* - &P
%
% %
Page 11 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
: ,03 H *? "
+3333 &
%
7 @ A
$ %
,=+3 ,=*3 $ $ & $ ,=1/
;,0<
&
9 $
& A % ,=+/ ,=+1
,=+= A
& % $
,=?+ @ *33 & - ,=?= &8 ,=*+ C
% & &.0 ,=?? %
& > ! & ,=13
% %
,=*= > %
>
;,+<
% ,+
,==3 8 % 8 % #% $ $
;,1<
,==/ A % 5
#8, 03
% &
7 .331 A # ) ! )
7
2 $2 $2 $2 $
2 % >2A F ! 2 % >2A
,=1/ .0 - 7 A % -
Page 12 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
2 % ,3? * ,?/ H" ,0.
..= H" 2 - ! - $ A K #
% ,=1* - &P
% # % ,=1*
.0 - 7 A & $ %
;,?<
,=1?( % @&BF & @ %
% B ) +33N @&BB O
!
,=?, 7 $ $ 7
+1> , B O $
!
>>>>
& % $ A %
-#8, 8@ $ & ,=== # @#
2 $ : 7 $ C Q E
@ " 8@ 9
9 8@ .33/ & :
+ 1 % /3
% % > CR$
AAAA
& A&& & @EB#2>K# .333 R.K@
A&&" 2
2 .+3 .*/ /*3 " @
/1+ H ..?
" 2
% E@S,*+ 333
&&&&
Page 13 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
A 4 %
@% % %
> () &
&&&&
& % ,=+0
BE.=?= % $ B O$
> $ 9
;,*<
@ % BE
@% H2 & *3 E@ A,
&
9 %
9 % @ % A, %
(
% & *3
2
& *3 % & =3 & ?." E
% & *3E: & *0
%
& %
%
%
B
7
C %C %C %C %
% %
% (
9
& % % 2 C %(A > A >.33=
Page 14 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
A >+3=" % ,=0? A
8 % 6> 6 9
.H/ !
B > > B >
B ,=+/
;,=<
&
2 C %(& *, & "
-A@ " ,=1,
& C % KT ,=1, . & >>$
& @ C % 1 @ ,=11 ,=1? /
> @ B ,.*. % 0/33 & ! ,.
C T
% .33+
;.3<
& C % & % & K ! ,=1* &
9 .. 333 2 2 F &A>/ U U
& % C %N
% /+ /? / & &
.33. K ! & & %
@ B $
& ! % % $ 9
,=?. & . 0
. ,. / @ @ ?+3
& E@ E@ $ (- -
# $ E@$ $- " ,=1? @
% E@ C %(B @ >
& E@@A
C %(
& %
& A >.33=
Page 15 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
AAAA
& %
% & %
6 6 @ B " ,=0=
& E @ A $ 7
% ,=+1 6) @ 6
# 1133@-B-:
% =?33 ?333
& % # -:
% & 6) @ 6 ,=?.
B B
> ,=?3 ,=*. @ $ 7 %
C .1 333 &
B O & 0 &
6# 6 6# 6 6 6 6 6 &
% E @
# FB#$
% @
" & %
%
9 ,=*.
>
9
& &@ ! ,=??
B O & 0$, :7 ++ A
/, - % !
!
%
Page 16 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
@ 7 (-@@ -@@,+33 @ #
@ 8 @ : % % $F #7A.+33 #
7A,133 1* A & -@@=33 @ $
>>J@& 7 &/+ /0 333 & @ : %
% .33? %
) .333 A
$ @ & & 2A@V A . $
: &
;.,<
%%%%
% % %N
% % $ $:
%
F
% CF
,==3 & % H
F %
% %
%%%% %%%%
;..<
%%%%
8 N
@
A % %
%
Page 17 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
7
-
7
: %: %: %: %
$
7
@@@@
>
: # 2
%
%
2222
, WWWW - R 6& 9 : @
& 6 4HH
HC HC I.3, " - @ &
4HH HC HC I.3, 2 % .33* 3/ .=
. WWWW 68 BE 6 4HH % 33 H%>& X
Y% O% Y+ V2 >#/ @3" % " 4HH % 33 H%>& X
Y% O% Y+ V2 >#/ @3
/ WWWW 6> @ B 6 4HH H X
Y$ O Y O Y,/1" A B
4HH H" ,=== 4HH H X
Y$ O Y O Y,/1
0 WWWW 6EK&8
6 4HH 0 H H H@H .33/H H!Z H"
@ $ 6 6) 2 6 6 .33/
4HH 0 H H H@H .33/H H!Z H
$
# )?= !
&
%
Page 18 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
+ W @ K ,==0" & A @>C3=+,3+*=,1
1 WWWW K & .33+" A ) # & B @>C,=33/?,=,P
? WWWW 6# C 6 4HH ' H H# Z ZC "
7 @ 7
* WWWW A # 6B O# 6 ) .330 6 R & 6
4HH ' H H ! 30H H "
= WWWW & # A K @ @>C3=+,3+*= , 1 &
B
,3 WWWW B A % $-B @ & & 2 # @
4HH H$-BZ Z HB ZA % "
,, WWWW # $ & F& 4HH H H% H,,0H+*H"
,. WWWW 6- $ $ @&E2>C#
8#-$7#@6 4HH H H- " # @
,=?=
,/ WWWW 6$ $ # $ $ ,=03 ,=1,6
4HH H$ $ $ " % .33* 3+ ,,
,0 WWWW $ 4HH H H "
,+ WWWW ,=*= > & 4HH % H X Y "
,1 WWWW $ 4HH H H% % %
"
,? WWWW 6& - &P ,=1* (
6 4HH H[ H Z " B @ A
- ) .331 4HH H[ H Z 2 % .33* 3,
/,
,* WWWW 2 AF ') ( & & & ) ( .+=
,= WWWW & ,=0? 4HH H X
Y,30.,1=/"
.3 WWWW
., WWWW # % 4 # F ' 2 $ @ &
4HH H H H H Z.3303/,1 "
.. WWWW 4HH H . "
6 & & 6 # & B # B
E % A - :% ,=?= @>C33?31+,+*.
6 & & 6 - - @ % $ 2 - $ B
Page 19 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
# .33, + @>C3,/ 3,+*0? P
2 A 6 6 K $ : $ 6& V F &
# 6 @ #& B C .331 3, /3++ % 4
4HH H H H.331 3, /3++
6A ) # 6 & K @>C3=+,3+*= = , & B
# & @ # 6 ) 7K & A&
B ,==. @>C3.1.,,,1.0
####
4HH ' HH@ H& H# H: % H Z$ Z# H Z&
F : B !
;,< 4HH ! H"
& @ $% ) #
4HH ' H H % Z Z %Z!Z% Z.331 "
A& & 7 4HH H H H "
A& A
4HH ' H H H =?H H H
$ : # 2 A
4HH %H H9 H H "
6
6 4HH % H "
%
6 4HH H[ ,3.H) "
2 % 6 4HH H H Z 6
$ 4 A C %
& ,= .3,3 ,,43,
& % $ % $ @ 7 N
@ & E
]
'
Page 20 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
!
" #
$ % &
'(()"
*'+
#
$ , ,$
" -
. (/0
$ "
$
"
$
%%%%
' 1
2
2"' 3 %
2"2 %
4 & 5 6
4"'
Page 1 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
1111
$
' 1
3 "
*2+*4+*)+
7
'88' 9 ,6 5 3
$ "
$ # :
- ';2< = 3 ';)( "
*8+
$
'(()
3 %
& $
$ >"8
"
*;+
& ?
$
$ $ $ "
*>+
1 $
, : "
4"'"' #
4"'"2
4"2 5 7
4"4
) 6
8 7
; @
>
(
<
'/3
2///A %
'</8"
& &
5 &
Page 2 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
& ? , " &
B $ $ !
>"8 8//// " & ?
$ , '////
*(+
, %" " & %
, $ "
*;+
$ $
" @ : @
" 1
, " # $
"
- $ ,% $ C" "
# % 7 % $ '<//
B $ = - $ D% " #$ = - $ ?
$ E $ "
@ & B
FGG$$$" , B " " " G " "
! ' /">8
9
2 ////// ' 8///// "
"
3 %3 %3 %3 %
"
E $ "
"
$ $
Page 3 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
"
% $ "
9 </0
$ $ "
$ " #
$
$ "
"
3 " #
$ " 3 $
$ "
# $
$ "
%%%%
"
$
" $ $
" $
$ "
"
&&&& 5 65 65 65 6
$ 9
" E H I $ $
2/0,</0 "
H I "
5
Page 4 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
" $ $ !
"
!
$ "
! $
$
" 7
F
"
$ "
####
!!
$ B " B
$
B "
$ "
$ !!
" 6
!! !! $ "
$ !! "
J J J J"
# !! "
!! "
$
Page 5 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
" # B "
"
$
$
$ $
"
5555 7777
$
$ $
$ " $
$
" $
$
$
'/ '8 &7 $ $ "
& $ $ 9 "
$
" # $
$ " #$
" $ $
" $
9
"
$ $
$
9 "
*<+
C
$ !! $
" #
Page 6 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
" 9
9 " 6 ! $
$ $ "
'//0 '/80" 9
$ $ " E "
B $ $
" : 9
$ $
9 $ "
*'/+
6666
3 $
(/0 $ ? " 7 $
$ $
$ % & "
$ $ "
#
*''+
"
$
"
9 $ 4/// G 8/1!
4;// G ;/1! " # $
$
$ , "
*'2+
7777
K ! $
$ $ "
$ &7 $
'// &7"
Page 7 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
"
$ 9
! $
9 $ " 1 $
F
8/0
8/0 "
*'4+
*')+ *'8+ *';+
E , $
$ $
, $ , $
" E $ $ $
$
" #
E ?L )/
. ? "
@@@@
7 F
"
$ " 1 $ $
$ , $ "
*'>+
$ '</( 5 7 7
: % 7 " : E A '<2)
'( //' $ $ '<2<"
-
,
, $
Page 8 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
6
'" MMMM FGG$$$" " G3- G G)))>'<G ,% , ,&
2" MMMM " 3 - 5
4" MMMM $ 1 ?? ?J '<<2,/;,28 " 1 3 ))
2 F'/>,'2)"
)" MMMM 5?% =" ="K3" 3" '<<< " 1 " 7
8" MMMM 9 ,6 '88' "6" FGG$$$" , ,
" GE GE 02/'" $ 5 24 2//<K $
N1 '<>; 9 ,6 7 3 " 4),8
# 1 C "
;" M FGG$$$" " G 3 "
>" MMMM FGG$$$" " G G G O O "
(" MMMM & % "" J
J FGG$$$" " " G G G '" "
FGG$$$" " " G G G '" "
<" MMMM = %" 2//; " % $ " - @F "
" 48" #-E<>(/()<4)/4)8"
'/" MMMM 6 &$ : " E /'4/2" 2" $ "
''" MMMM & " " 3 - 6 3 5 C &
- 4'/8 1 42)/ E $P " J : 3 3 F1
QJ FGG$$$" " G G) 84) ;(44B>)(>G" @ "
FGG$$$" " G G) 84) ;(44B>)(>G"
'2" MMMM @ ! 2//8 " , E &$ & " 5AF
& - " " '''" #-E'8<4>//42;"
'4" MMMM $$$" " G G G "
')" MMMM FGG " " G O G'82;/'G;G %@G G G'GE $,- , ,
, ,3 G
'8" MMMM FGG "$ " G$ G R R, ! O <;,%
';" MMMM FGG$$$" " "BG G $G G)8'G)8'/2'"
'>" MMMM F? @ ? $ 7 ! F2//> 44; " (8
Page 9 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
% A"%" '<<( " 3 # & "
" '<>> : " "
" 1" '(>( " 1 : $ 3 " 6"
% ""
3333
F - # B 5 &
% & 7 FGG$$$" " G G2>;(> 1
3" %
FJ J FGG$$$" " G G ,
, G , , , , , G ,
"
$& 6 , % % - 1
FGG$$$" $ " G $ G G , , , , ,'"
3 , C L @
FGG$$$" " " " G7C 3C7G@5%5@5%5G "
# 48/7 $ -
FGG$$$" " G G O "
"
J FGG "$ " G$ G O J
% F S S3
$ '< 2/'/ /8F//"
% % , @ K
" C "
T # " ,
! "
Page 10 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
!"#!$#
%%%%
&&&&
' ( )
'* + )
,,,,
" %
" " &
" $
" - ,
" . +
$ +
- +
- " /
. /
0
0 "
0 $ +
0 - ,
0 . %
1 ,
2 +
3 4
5
"6 7
Page 1 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
'
) +
' +&7 , )
8
9
/
' )
:
' )
; < <
, & '*=) 8
> >
9 $6
8 8
,
< <
7 > >
? /
'/4+@) A
,,,,
B >
Page 2 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
C
<( < </ <C < < >
"3 /
>
7
> /
' )
A
>
' > ):
'-> ) 9 >
>
>
8
> 9
C
:
D
>
> > +
C
Page 3 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
>
/
+ 9
< <
++++
+ C
/ A
, >
A
7
!.#
9
B
>
/ E "5"5 / + 9
,
!0#
++++
& C +
&
' ) +
!-#
Page 4 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
8
< <
D
'
)
C
< <
+ 8
D
+
' )
" -66F" 166 G, '$ -2$F$ 5"$ G ) +
' ) '
) +
D
9
C
< <
!1#
D
++++
Page 5 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
+ ' ) 8
< < 9
< < '
- $66 D$$ 61 &( $$6 1 )
>
< < 9
H
< <
< <
////
, 9
"5$$ &
+ I 7
"66 '"6 666 (:" .06 )
%
8 /
& 9 "5$5 "5$2
@
"5-6 .6 "36 '. 666
"3 666 (:036 $ 1"" )
>
Page 6 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
> C
>
, >
7
>
> , J
, $66"
////
/
7 '
) >
?
D '
)
>
< <
&
/ ?
C
> '
)
Page 7 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
8 >
>
',
>
8
+ )
'
)
> + >
++++ CCCC 9
CCCC
CCCC
, C, C, C, C 8
9
+
>
CCCC / H H
>
D, / 4 + CD, / 4 + CD, / 4 + CD, / 4 + C
?
Page 8 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
/ C/ C/ C/ C < <
K
++++ K ' )
EEEE >>>> CCCC 9 ' )
9 < > < ' )
+ C+ C+ C+ C 9 >
,,,, CCCC 9
C >
A
C ' )
9 9
BBBB C
8 H
, A, A, A, A C /
++++
&&&& C
+ C
& D,& D,& D,& D, C 9
,,,,
C
@@@@ C
Page 9 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
,,,, C
%%%%
(((( C
C
C
9999 C
???? C
4444 C
,,,,
& 8
A
8
C
9 C < <
A A
'9B )
C B ' B )
:
B 8
Page 10 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
C
A
++++
' )
B
7 ' )
7
' )
@
/
/ >
/
/
E
/
( (
( >
4
4
+ ' )
4444
Page 11 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
" LLLL & + '$66") E ( '. 7 )
( 9+?6>3$15>.."2>0
$ LLLL & + / M B 4 '$66-) / ( '-
7 ) ( 9+?6>3$15>.-66>.
- LLLL < + < ' CDD D) , * +
"" $663 CDD D4 $663>"6>6-
. LLLL M C E / + 9 9 ,
( / + 9 9 , "5"" 9 C C $3
'"5"6>"") % / * B B "" $662 @ E
C CDD D N O>
EJ+ J MK O( "K O P P K O6P6Q((" &" F E
( , "565
> >
0 LLLL CDD D D$66"D 'E
)
1 LLLL & '"50$) E .1 ; , E E
+ & 7 C +&7 ( ; , + 9
* -
7777
@
' CDD D )
+ 7 C
' CDD D D > > D > >
D > > )
+ 7 C + ' CDD D D >
> D > > D > )
4 < CDD D D <
, C R, R( R/
Page 12 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
"3 $6"6 "1C06
, , >+ E :
+ *
S 9 >
Page 13 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
! " #
" #
$
" %
"
& $
' % ' "
( ## " ))* +
"
, -
$ "
----
. /
0 1
2
2". -
2"0 3
2"2
2"4 -
4 % $
Page 1 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
////
'$
" #
5' 6
,
" + ! %
"
7.8
9
' % '
% / (" $ $
:
$ ":
708
9 5'% , .;<4 .;=4
'+.
5 ' "
728
9 3 # , ( '
93#+. 93#+0"
748
9 93#+0 .;=;
5 ' "
7<8
1111
, $
< 1 $
> '
>". , ?
= ,
@
; *?
'
0AA4
Page 2 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
" 9
?
$
" 9
?
$" ' +
? "
7 8
# $
" %
+ ?
" 9 $ B
$
? ? " !
"
7>8
9 " #
" 1 ?
+ " 1
"
7 8
9
C
" #
?
"
"
Page 3 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
D " %
?
" " B
" 9 .<E
.> .<AE.>A
! " %
" !
"
7=8
----
" #
0=< F-
<2AF
2.< F- >AAF "
9 B
.<< .<"< 3
.<2 0 0<A " #
>4= G
2=4 F- =A< F 00"A>4 3
20AA '#% 0.@
7@8
"
$
" 9 $ .<<
24< F- $
$$$$
Page 4 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
2AF-" 9
B $ $
$ "
$ "
7;8
9 $ ?
$
"
9
> 3 "
7.A8
%
$ H >"0 3 >A
;AA 0=< F- <2AF H " 9
$ "
3333
3 C $
B
" #
" 9 : :
" 9
?
I ?
$ " 9 $
" 9 $ $
$ "
Page 5 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
# !3G -
$
$ " 9
!3G " #
$
"
$ " 9
$
$ " 9 $ $ !3G
- $ $ " 9
!3G $
- "
7..8
/ $ $ $ -%,15
$ $ $ !3G
- I
!3G "
$
D
$
$" %
$ $ & " !
$ $ $ $
" 6 ? $
" % D
02<
5
02;
$
$
$ + $ "
Page 6 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
3 C,
% ? 56
0
+
? " 9
+
J
"
J
"
7.08
9
" % 0AA
2AA $ .<AE0<A @AE.AA
" ( .4 K .4
.= K .=" % ;AA . <AA3 "
4 "
7.28
.@E04 " % ?
"
7.48
----
# $
$ "
' C, $ " !
" #
$ $ " 9
" 9 " 9
" 9
D "
$ .AAL
$ $ $
" !
9
,''$ "
1 !
?- "
Page 7 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
$ " %
$ $
B $ +
" 9
$ $
C
9 "
9 "
9 "
9 C
9 $ "
9 "
"
# ! $
"
%$%$%$%$
$
I
"
$ "
1 $1 $1 $1 $
9 B " 9
B $ $
" 9 B
Page 8 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
"
7.<8
9 $
?
" *$ 7 8
$ $
" 9
"
" 9
$ H $ M.4
"
9 $ $
I $
" 9
$ ? " 6
$ $
"
7.>87.=8
, A"=L +02< "
9
" # $
$ B
? $"
!
" % $ $
$
"
7.@8
''''
Page 9 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
, ?, ?, ?, ?
* *
% $ $ .AAA % .AAA
,,,,
." NNNN : $ C' , , $&- : CDD " " D D $ D $0<+
24D 2 @" " 6 , $ " 6 , 5"'" 1 " * "
CDD " " D D $ D $0<+24D 2 @" " $ 0AA@+A<+0."
0" NNNN 9 .;;0 " 9 $ * " , $ # " " .>0" #'!,
.<<=<A=A02"
2" NNNN 3 G 0AA2 " # C9 5 ' % & , % "
9 C*- " #'!,;=@+.<<A00<>04"
4" NNNN 3 .;;A ">;E=.
<" NNNN :<AO , * : CDD " " D% D D(-D(-4@D1 D 4@ +
4P 2" " #%*%" CDD " " D% D D(-D(-4@D1 D 4@ +4P 2" "
$ 0AA@+.0+0;"
>" NNNN ( Q' .;;4 " =>;
=" NNNN 1 Q/ .;=> " ;.E;0
@" NNNN # % ' 0AA="
;" NNNN ( Q' .;;4 " =>=
.A" NNNN 9 .;@@ " .=<
.." NNNN 3 .;;A " ;0E;4
.0" NNNN -"!"%"I "R" G " :5 J %
% : CDD " " " D D ;P " 1 " *5 %963D5G%*%
% - ' - "
CDD " " " D D ;P " " $ 0AA@+A<+0."
.2" NNNN ( Q' .;;4 " 0.
.4" NNNN 1 Q/ .;=> " <;@
.<" NNNN 9 .;@@ " 0.>E0.=
.>" NNNN :1 $ +! C9 /
/ : CDD " " D D D P D%- ,?@ " 1 " 5-'++
% , " 5 - ' CDD " " D"
CDD " " D D D P D%- ,?@ " " $ 0AA@+A=+A."
.=" NNNN 3 3 . 0AA2 " :*? ( # &
% : CDD " " D0AA2DA<DA.D D? + + + + + +
+ " " , O 9 " CDD " " D0AA2DA<DA.D D? + +
Page 10 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
+ + + + + " " $ 0AA;+A;+.A"
.@" NNNN 1 Q/ .;=> " @>
1 R R"I/ R" .;=> " , % " " #'!,
A4=.002>2@"
( ' I' % ? .;;4 " , * " -
/ " #'!,A4.0;@<0.="
3 1 $ .;;A" % " , * # '
" " ;0E;4" #'!,A4A@A>.;@="
9 "'" .;@@ " 1 # $ "
/ " #'!,A@;..>4.>0"
*?*?*?*?
CDD " " " DM D 4>AD "
% ' 5 $ &' * "
, ' * CDD " " D6 D, +* D
3#96 - "
1 $ CDD " " $D + D + D
5 ' , - "
$ : CDD " " D D P P :
- C S
9 0A 0A.A A<CA<"
9? $ - $ - % +' % I
" ' 9 5 "
T # " +
"
Page 11 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
ᣂടပƫḮ ᦭ ඒ ౏ ม !
"
"
" # $
#
% &''(
) " "
)!
*"
"
" + , # &''( - . &//0
#
- 1 " 2
, 3,
4&5
" " 6&7#' 6&8 ! "
9 *" , #
4:5
9 1 "9 1 "9 1 "9 1 "
,"
; #
& 9 1 "
: 9 1 1 "
7 %
<
( ;
= >?
Page 1 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
)))) @ -
" # $
" " # $
" " #
"A"A"A"A @ $ B @ "
B (&0 "A # "A 2
" "
" @ " "
" C " # "A D
" " "
C "
" > E , 8 " ://'#
@ % ://7
" # $ - B
" A " 1
" " " "
? " 6=#( 7& 9 /=!
)))) @ % ://7
" "
" # $ ) $%'//& :///
# $ ? "
1 "
#
@ "
" # $ 9 " B
"
" "
" "
" # $ "
"
" " #
Page 2 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
9 1 1 "9 1 1 "9 1 1 "9 1 1 "
"""" @ 1 @ " "
F" &''( "
#
DDDD @ 1 @ " "
D :/// D 1
9 " A D # D " "
" " " @
" #
%%%%
$$$$ @@@@ ---- @ G "
E " -
B E #
> $> $> $> $ @ G - :(0 >
$ " "
- #
,"
;;;;
&# HHHH I " 2 + 6= ,
I JJ # # J J K K" J J:=87=(J&J# !#
A # 7/9 ://8#
JJ # # J J K K" J J:=87=(J&J# #
:# HHHH I " 6&8 " " " I# - - # 7/9 ://8#
>?>?>?>?
Page 3 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
% JJ # # # J ?# !
"A JJ # @ " # # "J!
% JJ # # J://<J/<J7/# !
; I JJ # # J J K I
L- . L &''( L
) @
- :( D ://' /< /'#
-? " " @ B
# - + #
M " $ # @
N #
Page 4 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
! " #"$%
& ' ( (
&
( ( %
' & )**+
%
#)
,**- -* ,**#% .
- &
&
! %
, / $
0
&
& / %
! ,**)
' */
& # )"
% 1
'
( ( ( & ( %
1 1 2 ( 2
)
3
4567%
1 ' (
8 9
:51;4 !0<:51;4 !0<:51;4 !0<:51;4 !0<
1111 ' (
" ! #"$
= >= >= >= > 1 1 ?
@
???? 7 +0 !A !&&
' 654
.... 4 '
4
0 (
;(;(;(;( ᦕ""%*& B07:,**#<
ᦟ )%*& B07:,**#<
1111 ᦕ *%# & B07:,**#<
1 >1 >1 >1 > ᦕC#%- & B07:,**-<
5555 /# ,/C
&&&& % % %
: 3DD % % % D<
Page 1 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
& 9 9 > 9
9 > 9
9 9 ( 9 ( %
1 1 1 +$, 7 ! /
##- 6 +,$ ! ( %
====
8 % . ; 7 0
& 8 0 #
% . # * 0 % 1 &
' 4 @ % 0
6666
=
% 0 3 #"*
%, 7 ( 3 #"* #-*
%/ 3 #-*
%$ 58 & 3 ##* &
%) 4 ( (
%C 0
, 0&
,% 7
,%, '
,%/ .06
,%$ 4 &
/
$ 5
) ;
C 58
C% 4 &
C%, 0
Page 2 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
#C/ ( ( 8
& & & 0 0& & & %
1 ; 7 0
& + #C-%
( 5 6 4 &
8 1
% #"$ ( 5 % .
( 1 &
0 0& % #"$ + &
- ***& :, #**
/
D<%
0000 3 #"*3 #"*3 #"*3 #"*
0( ( #"* (
( E & #" %
1 &
F #*G 4 A
58 6 :4 56< (
F ( % #-) F &
( ( ,*G % .
( F ( ; 7 D0
5 >
( (
A%
& . #C# &
& + (
& ( & 4 A 5 6
7 ( :4567< ( & .
:. < % 0
( & (
( . 3 H1 #"/I
"$ ( ( +
%
Page 3 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
! & (
8 ( 8 % 1 &
& & 0 0
8 (
% & > %
!
& & % 0
#" & & : <
! & #)" #C# #"
5 ( J
( ( 0& 0 J ( 6 .
% 1
( & & & (
+ & %
1 ( 8
( % 1 (
F &
( + % ! ( & (
( F ( & &
F 8 8
%
& ! #"$
7 ( ! 4 & #"$% . .
#" &
#)-% ! #" + & (
( ( &
& &
( > ( &
A &
%
= ( ( (
Page 4 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
% 0 (
( 3
9 ( 9
( F ( J &
J 2 2 % +
( ; 7 D0
5 ( & (
F ( ( % 1 #"C%
! & ( (
"*G /*G
% 5 & #"- 8
%
#"C & !
0 5 ! :!05! < & !05! F
F % 1 & ! A :! < & 0
8 ( %
! #"C & 8 & 8 (
& F 4 56% 1 & &
8& +
%
( + (
#"- ( & 8
6 % .& %
( ( (
( %
7 (7 (7 (7 ( 3 #"*3 #"*3 #"*3 #"* #-*#-*#-*#-*
1 ( ( + % . #"$
( > :@ '< &
. 0 6 : .06< C G% 1 @ '
8 ( 8 +
J &
Page 5 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
% 0 K ; 7 D0 & & @ '
0 L ! 7 (
& & > %
& #""
( & (
J 7 (
! J + C*G > @ '% 1
0 ( )G /)G ( > & 0 K
& 6 % @ ' 0 & #-/%
! #"" #-, 1
5 1 ' ( @ ' ,**/%
@ ' L
##* 0 & '
L ,* ##/%
#-, 6 8 0 MM
5 !> 5 & (
( % 1 ( &
( + ; 7 0 5
8 ( % 1 & &
,%-$ & & :$%),5N-
/
< & #-*
& % #-*
,$G 8 ( 8 8
,)G % 1 8 & + 8
#- & % 4
& #-* ( & 8 #-$ #-*
( %
= ( & & 8 % 1
#-* 4 56 ( &
( &
O & % .& & & 8
F ( & F % . #-,
I ( -*G "*G 8
Page 6 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
%
& #-/% .
? ; 7 D0 +
7 5 + 0 % 1 F
( & &
7 ( ( %
##* ,), ( & & ,* &
)* % 0 &
%
! ; 7 D0 5 + 8 (
% . #-) (
( (
/*G )*G /)G C*G
& ( &
+ % !
#-C + 8 & (
( 8 & CG & & #-#
,, / % = (
( J 8 /)
( & & 0 J ,)G ( 8
% 1
( ( ( 8 ( 8
( %
1 (
(
+ ( 8 % . #-*
--G +
& ( 0
& F (% ( "G
#G ,G C,G
& + & %
1 ( & J @ 'J
Page 7 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
+& @ ' '
B A F : F ' 0 F <
( % . #-)
F 0 0& ( ( 8
0 & 9
? + 9 &
1 & & ( 8 %
+ (
& & & %
E;/%) & ( ( & &
6 = ?
#-) & + % . ##
& & . %
( %
L & & . > + (
? . > & B %
+ C*) *** C)****&
:*/ ***
/
D< ##* % 1 ( +
( ( ,%#$ & &
:$C" ******
/
< F
/)****& :)C ***
/
D< ,***
( % 1 8 & & & 0 !
F ##*
(
! 5 % 1 (
8 %
3 #-*3 #-*3 #-*3 #-*
8 &
( % 1 0 #-- ( &
5
F 8
Page 8 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
( & ( % A
& & F & 8
& & & ( ( % . ##*
( 8 0& 0
& ( > %
! ( &
% @ #-# ( K : <
( 6 F ( 8 %
. ##* 6 4( 0 )G
+ & 8 & . 4 58
6% @ % & L . 4 7 ( 6% @ %
4 ' 5 % 1 & +
8 % . ##* ( 1
( ( " /** >
' 1 & F (
F 8 F & ! 1 B%0%
1 4 % . 4 & ##* ! 1
& F
1 & 8
' B A F %
1 F & F %
6 F #-#
L A % 1 ##
"/*
& 0 1 9 ( J
7 ' J 9 8 +
& : 1 5< &
F ( . 6% L 4 %
1 F
##"%
! ( ##* + 8
.06 + & >
8 @ ' ##$ 0 & ' %
Page 9 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
( + +
##$ *****&
:C ***
/
D< % 1 & F (
0 ? 6 6 1 6 8 B
0 & : <
( $)G > (
F % +
& &
0 %
(
(
% B ( J&
J ( & 8
( + ( ( ,G CG #-*
,/G & /,G #- % #--
& ,#G /CG% F & 3
&
& %
58585858 & 3 ##* && 3 ##* && 3 ##* && 3 ##* &
7 ##* 8
(
+ ( % !
( ; & K ##$%
1 (
7 = K &
6 & % . ##)
& &
> :@'<% . +
? & %
J
& 7
' & ? @ 0
Page 10 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
58 %
. ##C &
F ( ! 0 % . 6
4 4 6 6 ( 4( @ % & 8
& *,D/ @ 6 % !
##" ##- > & &
( % > 1 1
( %
7 ##" ( % 1
& ? ? % . @'
F ( 6 > ,#%/G
. 0 6 : .06<% . ##- +
& .06 + .06 C,G% 1
5* + % 1
( :06< ##- ###
& 0 . %
8 % 1
8 & 6
6 . 4 7 ( F % ,**,
( 06 8 &
' & 6 5 E . K % 1
& &
? ' & %
,**/ ! + @ '
@ '1 %
( ,**/ ! 2
@ ' 8 ( 8 ( A
& & + %+2
. & ( (
& & % 1 A ( (
( (( %
1 1 1
Page 11 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
1 ( 8 ( > 5 @
O$ - ,**"%
C
1 ( (
( ,**-
"
. ,**$ +7 7
& ; ,) + ,)G
( ( ( ( % (
( ( % 0 #"$ (
( ; $*/%/ & ; C"%C & ,**-% 1 $$G
,**- ( ( %
-
8 F $*G ( ,**- ( F
. 0 6 % 1 P ( C%,$
& & > ( ,**-%
#
4444 ( (( (( (( (
4 L $ ,**# ( 1 7 (
; ,)/%C & ( 8
1 !& ! % =
& ( 8 8 ( #"C
% & &
( ; /** #"C ; , & #-
% 1 #- ,**/ ; C-%- & ,, 7
+ + %
*
4 @ ? 0
( & (
& %
@ ( &
#"C & 2 & F Q% =
; , & & + A
P ? :? < ##- ?
& & ; /%"- & & ##-
( ( ; "% =
7 R & Q
Page 12 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
; ,%) & ; & & #-C #-# !0
F 1
1 F % @
; )%, & 1 ( ,***
,**# R F & ( 1
( !0%
0000
1 0 7 ( ? 0& 1
& C,%) 8
7 ( ! #"$%
,
1 !0 (
?
( %
/
1 ( F
( 1 ? P
; ,* % B 4( 1 ; A = A
( P (
0 8 %
$
1 ; A 7 ( !
? ( & % = (
( %
) C
0&0&0&0&
** & $*L K
)*G % !
&
"
/ &
3
7777
.( ( & (
% 1 ( -**
L ,**"
-
-"* L ,**-
#
Page 13 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
1 &( &
( & ( % 7 ?
6 7 7 ? 1 & 6.
%
''''
.( ( ( (
% 4 '
, ))* ? 1 L 0
? %
.06.06.06.06
3 .06
.( (
( ( % 6 @ ' (
4444 &&&&
0 & 3
6 0 = & 8
6 4( 0 = & 8
&
; 0 6 (
Page 14 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
.1640 . 1
A ? 6 A
4 ! 0 9 0 ( 0 9
1 6 % 0 9 ! 0%!%9 ! @ %9
1 6% @ %9 . %9 6 & 6% @ %9 1
0 ( 0 9 0 ! @ %9 . = 6 @ %9
6 6 @ %9 . 6 % @ %9 1
6% @ %9 1 6 % @ %9 : < %K%
: 3DD % % D< .
0 & 4 &
% . $*G 0 &
5 &
A &
0 & & & & '
%
' 8 6 '
8% 8 (
0 & 1 % >
0 & 5 % 6 &
8 %
. ( % 0
5;1: 54 ; 1 <
0 & : & & <
! ( 1 $S$ ( % F
51;4 !014E41!15! 14 +0 % T/C
0 '1 ,**- ( ,**#% 1
( 0 . 6 %
E ' % 1 51;4 !0& &
U * , ! ,**#%
K &
0 & %
Page 15 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
. 4 ( ( ( 0 &
( & &
8 & % 4 (
(
= 0 &
%
! & & (
%
4 7 & , ,**# ( 0 &
' 8 %
,*
5555
( &
( % 1 &
5
0 B :50B<% 1
&
( &
:
5 6 (
> <% 0 & & &
( ( & ( % 1
(
%
;;;;
% VVVV 3 6 ,**)
: 3DD % % % D D D ,% D W H4 < !&
51;4 !0
B ( 1
Page 16 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
,% VVVV 2' & )**
,**-3 2 : 3DD % % D A D D & )**D,**-D DC$ -% <%
A %
3DD % % D A D D & )**D,**-D DC$ -% % ; ( ,**-
*" C%
/% VVVV 2' & )**,**-3 1
& 2
: 3DD % % D A D D & )**D,**-D D D D<%
A %
3DD % % D A D D & )**D,**-D D D D%
; ( ,**- *" C%
$% VVVV 2' & )**,**#3
@ 2 : 3DD % % D A D D & )**D,**#D W D<% A %
3DD % % D A D D & )**D,**#D W D% ; ( ,**# *" , %
)% VVVV 1 0( 0 3 (
: 3DD % % D DD$" &- ** &#$ &***&) *C, % < & 6 =
1 % ,**"
C% VVVV 2 O$ - 2 : 3DD %
% D W D/*"/")D,*D!;16@D D;47 D O$ -
DH X5 @%40 !;W!;6=<% 4 A % ,**" *- ,"%
3DD % % D W D/*"/")D,*D!;16@D D;47 D
O$ - DH X5 @%40 !;W!;6=% ; ( ,**- *" )%
"% VVVV 2 2 : 3DD % % D D % H
XD,**-D)D-D& D, -,-*$Y X& <% 1 0 % ,**- *) *-%
3DD % % D D % H XD,**-D)D-D& D, -,-*$Y X& %
; ( ,**- *" )%
-% VVVV L 6 :,**- *" )<% 2 ; C& (
(2 : 3DD&A% % % D D % H
XD,**-D"D)D& D,**-*" ) , ,/)Y X& <% 1 0 %
3DD&A% % % D D % H
XD,**-D"D)D& D,**-*" ) , ,/)Y X& % ; ( ,**- *" )%
#% VVVV L 6 :,**- *" C<% 2 (
2 : 3DD&A% % % D D % H
XD,**-D"DCD& D, -/C$ ,Y X& <% 1 0 %
3DD&A% % % D D % H XD,**-D"DCD& D, -/C$ ,Y X& %
; ( ,**- *" C%
*% VVVV 27 3
H2 : 3DD % % D 8% D D/ ,-"
Page 17 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
<% . % ,**# *" */%
3DD % % D 8% D D/ ,-"
% ; ( ,**# *" */%
% VVVV 2? 0
& 2 : 3DD % % D 8% D D/ /"/
& <% . % ,**# *" *$%
3DD % % D 8% D D/ /"/
& % ; ( ,**# *" *$%
,% VVVV 24(
2 : 3DD % % D 8% D D),,,# (
<% . %
3DD % % D 8% D D),,,# (
% ; ( ,***, *-%
/% VVVV 2? ; #%"& 1
& 2 : 3DD % % D D % H
XD,**DD D D,*** C,$ Y X <% 1 0 4 %
3DD % % D D % H XD,**DD D D,*** C,$ Y X %
; ( ,***, *-%
$% VVVV 2? @ ? )
2 : 3DD % % D 8% D D) , -
) <% . %
3DD % % D 8% D D) , - )
% ; ( ,***, *-%
)% VVVV 2B ? @2 : 3DD % D 8% D D),$*/
<% . %
3DD % D 8% D D),$*/ %
; ( ,***, *-%
C% VVVV 2? @3 7 ( ! #"$
2 : 3DD % % % D D,"*"$ ( #"$
<% 1 % 3DD % % % D D,"*"$
( #"$ % ; ( ,***, *#%
"% VVVV 2 &
2
: 3DD %& % % D6 W D1.50D D,**#*- */,*$,D! D 8W <%
1 % ,**# *- *%
3DD %& % % D6 W D1.50D D,**#*- */,*$,D! D 8W %
-% VVVV 7 8 ; )** : 3DD&A% % % D D % H
XD,**"D"D D& D-,C""")Y X& <
Page 18 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
#% VVVV & 6.
: 3DD %& % % D6 W D1.50D1 D@ D,**-*,# C ,/$D! D 8W <
,*% VVVV 3DD %& % D % H& XFG6G!!G6*ZG"7
58585858
4 &4 &4 &4 &
:51;4 !0< & : 3DD % % % D<
51;4 !0 .164' 6 : 3DD % % % D<
4 4 51;4 !0: 3DD % % % D<
0 4 : 3DD % % % D D< 6
0 (
0000
B ( 1 51;4 !0: 3DD % % % D<
@ ' 6
: 3DD % % % D D % <
0 & 4 1 : 3DD %& & % D D<
$8$ ! ( 1 : 3DD % ( % D<
1 1 1 +: 3DD % D< :L <:L <:L <:L <
1 0( 0 3 1 + 4 6
: 3DD % & % D % H X *Y X'B;B**< & K
," ,**" I 1 ,**"
; ( 2 3DD % % D D 2
6 3 [4 [' (
[ [! ( & [ & [
6 & #"$
1 C & ,** ,3/,%
18 ( & 6 ( 6 ! & 0 ! @ 9
% 0 1 B %
 . %
A %
Page 19 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
!!! " # # " # $
%&'($ ) * + , +# -
). / !!! # # --
0&%1
#-#-#-#- # 2
3 " #3 " #3 " #3 " # 4 5
# 5# 5# 5# 5 !
6666 4 # 7 2 8 4 /- 7 # #
4 - 9 4# 8 4/-
: #: #: #: # #
#### / 8# 8#
;)< 8 # 8 #
5 #5 #5 #5 # # #
95959595 =0>& &' %??'-
@0A
/ 8/ 8/ 8/ 8 ᦕ=0B &( %??'-
@0A
ᦕ=0?C& %??'-
@0A
## ### ### ### # =00' B %??'-
@0A
"""" =1' && %??'-
@0A
#### &( &(? %??'-
@0A
#### !!! -
Page 1 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
!!! " # # " # $%&'($ ) *
+ , +# - ). /
!!! # # -- # #
D E D # !
:# # ## # 5 8# 8#
! 8 # 8 8
8 # # 8$# #
# # ; 7F # # 4 5
#
@%A
3#3#3#3#
! #
: 2 # 9 F E
8 # ! 9 7 5 8
FG# # 4 # 2 8 H "
4 #4 #4 #4 #
0 3#
% 8
B /8 #
B 0 I# ## # 8 #
B 0 0 J #
B 0 % 7 ! #
B 0 B 4 #
1 5
C 4 5 # #
C 0 2 5# #
C % : #
( #
> 9 #
' #
Page 2 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
# #
#
# #
2 %' 0&%1 #
4 8 K #4 8 K #4 8 K #4 8 K #
# F ## F ## F ## F # 4 -
D
4 #D ! # # # 5
# !! ! < 3 ! 5
! # # 5 #
! # # # 8 #
0&%&- 4 %B >CL # 7 # I
# 4 : "
4 - ! # #
! 8# # < 8 :
9
: 0&'C ! # 4444 : 0&&0 #
G# 5 0&&& ! # ! #
# " " # 8 %??? ! #
2 %??B
# 0B? # # 5
&( 1?? #
@BA
# # 0&&%
85 # CL G# # # !
5
@1A
:
! 0&&? 0&&1 8 ! #
# %BL 11L
8888
4 # 2 8 # 5 # 01
%??> 3# # #
; 7F #
4 5
M 7 ! ! 3 #
4 E 8
# DI8/ D
# # # 5
Page 3 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
# =% >1( BBC # # 8 =0 %C????#
=0 1&( BBC #
@CA@(A
/8 #/8 #/8 #/8 #
I# ## # 8 #I# ## # 8 #I# ## # 8 #I# ## # 8 #
J #J #J #J #
< # !
7 ! #7 ! #7 ! #7 ! #
9 8, 8
8,# 8
4 #4 #4 #4 #
#
M #
9# # # 5# 8
4 N
4 4 # # , #
I#
# ## 8
5555
: 0&&& ! # =B>C ??? # # 1?? #
; 9 ! # I ! #
# ! # ! # #
# 8 O0 C 8# 2 0??8 # 85 #
Page 4 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
E # ! # E# 5 O%&' ?????? E
! 8 85 # 5 5 8 # 5 # 8
85 # ! # # OCC????
# # 8 5
# # 5 E 2 # #
5 ! ! # 8 #
2 2 22 - ! # 5 8 :
%??C # # # ! # 8 8
# # # ! # # #
# # 8 # 5 ! 8 # ! ! # !
@>A
P ! %??0 # 8 <
##
/ Q 0( %??' ! # " # 5 # #
# # 8 # " # 5 #
J90&% # # J9%?? #
# # 5 # # ! # G
# # ! 8 5 # # # # #
# # #
@'A
/ 8# 0B %??> ! ## ! ## # # $
5 5 # # 8 # # # ##
8 # ! # 5 # 5 #
8 # # # ! 8
#
@&A
5 # 8 ## # 8
! # 8 ! 0L 5 8# # ##
!
@0?A
# 5 # 5 5 5 ! 3 ! 5
Q %??' ! # 8 8 ! M 5
# ! E # J #
@00A
4 5 # #4 5 # #4 5 # #4 5 # #
Page 5 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
2 5# #2 5# #2 5# #2 5# #
7 # J G# # # 8 # # 2 #
. 8# I #
# E !# I 8 # 8 # G#
5 # 5 # G G# !#
8 # E
@0%A
)</I 4 8 J6# 8 8 8 #
# E
: #: #: #: #
/ 7 0( %??' 8 8 : 5# ; ;5 !
0? 5# ! # # # R# / M :
8 0C I# #
# ! # 7 5 2 8 :
@0BA @01A
####
9 #9 #9 #9 #
) #) #) #) #
0 S D 9
%??'D
!!! # # BC1( T%??'T T T5 -
!!! # # BC1( T%??'T T T5
9 5 %??&$?1$0&
% SSSS D 2 # !!! # ##9 # J C1%'CU0C$/ $
9
; # / 9
; #
%??> J6
4 " " Q
F8 I8 #
%??C 3 # / 8
Page 6 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
%??&UI %??&0?0C- D 9 # # / 0C %??& 9 5 / 0& %??&
B SSSS
D< # D
!!! 8 # T8 8 T # T%BB? -
!!! %??'$?C$0C
!!! 8 # T8 8 T # T%BB?
9 5 %??'$?&$0>
1 SSSS 4 % !!! 85 8 % -
C SSSS D4 # 2 8 5 ,
I 8 D 5# 8 # ##! # # # # # *
# :+C?('>', + / - I# ## 2 < !$3
5# 8 # ##! # # # # # *
# :+C?('>', + / 9 5 %??&$?&$?>
( SSSS D4 # 2 8 D # # $ $
8 '?B&'- # # # # $ $
8 '?B&' 9 5 %??&$?&$?>
> SSSS D # # # 8 # 22
!!! # ## %??C ?% %B 0 #-D
' SSSS D9 <$ / ; 4 # # $ #
!!! # ##9 # J 0&>1%&U%C$Q $%??'UI %??'?0%C-D
& SSSS D # !
!!! M # ## # N T : %?4 7% &' 40% ?40%C>BBB??% %&%%*
/ 7 ,J):+0 ('1 01>&IC>1040%C>BBB??B1 4I ,;<+ ),-D
0? SSSS D # D !!!! $ $
!# 8 ?C?%?> T T T T # # - ) ) !# %??>$?%$
?C !!!! $ $ !# 8 ?C?%?> T T T T # #
00 SSSS D 8 # J D !!!! $ $
!# 8 # T # T T T T T TJ $01?0?' # -
) ) !# %??'$?0$0C !!!! $ $
!# 8 # T # T T T T T TJ $01?0?' #
0% SSSS !!!
0B SSSS D 8 I# # G
D !!! 8 0*:7+B01'%%- : - < %??'$0%$0(
!!! 8 0*:7+B01'%% 9 5 %??'$0%$0(
01 SSSS D )< ) : 99 /;G22:): 9 /9 7 ;< /7: / ;
: ;:D !!! > !# 8 T5 # * T5 +%?B>>, + - : -
;> %??'$0%$0( !!! > !# 8 T5 # * T5 +%?B>>, +
9 5 %??'$0%$0(
Page 7 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
9 #9 #9 #9 #
/ 0&&& # #
!!! # %??' ?0 0( - : 3
# Q 0( %??'
# 5 E # # / ;4 / ;
!!!# 8 5# 0%? 0%?%0 # - 9 5 8# %0 %??'
####
/ # !!! -
9 5 D ! 8! T D
4 8 # 4 # # 8# V4 # # ) !.
8 V4 41? # V/ # V 5 #
V4 # # # 0&%1 V4 # V4 # #
8 V4 41?V2 # V 5 # V
4 # # #
# 8 ! # # 0& %?0? 0% 0>
# 5 4 5 4 # $ ; # W
# # J# #
X # 8# : $
8 M
Page 8 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
Seletar Aerospace Park is a 300-hectare aviation hub - a strategic development that will launch
Singapore's goal to become a global aviation hub, where maintenance, repair and overhaul
(MRO) services are provided in an environment surrounded by world-class aerospace
companies and facilities.
Singapore’s aerospace industry has soared to new heights with an average growth rate of 13
per cent since 1990. The industry employed some 19,000 people and contributed S$6.9 billion
in output in 2007. Fuelling the industry’s growth, Seletar Aerospace Park will add new market
segments such as narrow-body and smaller aircraft to Singapore’s already strong MRO industry
of commercial wide-body aircraft. By laying a strong foundation for Seletar Aerospace Park,
Singapore will attract emerging companies looking for cost-competitive and reliable
manufacturing locations to produce and assemble aerospace components.
Seletar Aerospace Park will host a wide range of activities, including:
• Manufacturing and assembly of aircraft engines, components and small aircrafts
• Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul of aircrafts & components
• Business & General Aviation
• Training and R&D
Companies at Seletar Aerospace Park benefit from synergies in this integrated environment that include
economies-of-scale and increased efficiency. There is also significant scope for new industry collaborations
– alliances brought about by the Park’s shared infrastructure, and close proximity to suppliers, customers
and partners within the tight-knit aerospace community.
Singapore’s offshore and marine industry has weathered many storms and demonstrated
resilience in achieving its current position. The industry started off modestly in the 1960s as part
of Singapore’s industralisation plan but has seen significant growth over the last 40 years. It has
evolved from a small regional ship repair and building centre into a world-class offshore and
marine hub with a wide range of capabilities, from rig building, ship-repair and FPSO conversion,
specialised offshore vessel construction, offshore and marine supporting services, and oil and
gas equipment manufacturing.
Today, Singapore has achieved global leadership position in the construction of jack-up and
semisubmersible oil rigs. We are also one of the world's leaders in the construction of specialised
or customised vessels like anchor handling tugs or offshore support vessels providing supporting
services to offshore and marine operations. Singapore is also the leading location in the Asia
Pacific for the manufacturing of oil and gas equipment and there have been numerous world
renowned companies who have established sophisticated and state of the art manufacturing
facilities here.
Singapore's offshore and marine sector has been growing at a compound annual growth rate of
almost 30% since 2004, making it one of the fastest growing sectors in Singapore's economy in
the last few years. As at 2008, 7.3% of Singapore's total manufacturing output and 9.3% of the
manufacturing sector’s VA could be attributed to the offshore and marine sector. The industry
employed close to 70,000 people of which 12,000 are skilled workers.
Singapore aims to be a global hub in the development and manufacture of clean technology
products. This promising new industry – the cleantech cluster – is expected to contribute S$3
billion to Singapore’s gross domestic product and create 18,000 jobs across a broad range of
areas, including renewable energy, water and environment technologies, energy efficiency by
2015.
To grow the cleantech industry, the government has mapped out a blueprint comprising five key
pillars: R&D, manpower development, grooming of Singapore-based enterprises, branding of the
industry and nurturing a vibrant industry eco-system.
JTC has been working together with other government agencies to develop a CleanTech park
catering to companies focusing on R&D, test-bedding and prototyping activities into clean
technology.
Singapore’s vision is to be the Biopolis of Asia, a leading international biomedical sciences cluster
advancing human health by achieving excellence across the entire value chain. The Government has
invested in more than S$5billion in building up industrial, human and intellectual capital and remains fully
commited to developing this sector.
Biopolis is a biomedical R&D hub at one-north, purpose-built to house key public and private biomedical
research institutes and organisations. It is also the first major development in one-north.
As a premier biomedical manufacturing centre in Asia, Tuas Biomedical Park (I and II) provides excellent
infrastructure and opportunities for businesses to flourish. JTC's biomedical parks have already attracted
world-renowned players in the biomedical field such as MSD, Pfizer, Wyeth, Ciba Vision, GSK Biologicals,
Novartis, Lonza Biologics and Abbott Nutritionals.
Fast Facts on Jurong Island
Information Directory
Information Directory Telephone Operation Hours
Emergency Command Centre
6268 1076 6268 1020
Monday - Sunday
Visitors Pass Office
62681587
6268 1248
Monday - Sunday
ChemGallery @ Jurong Island
6262 5070 /
6262 5074
Monday - Friday
9.00am - 12.00pm
1.00pm - 5.00pm
Jurong Island Fire Station
6267 4713
Acumed Medical Group 6261 7177
Monday - Friday
8.30am - 1.00pm
2.00pm - 5.00pm
Saturday
8.30am - 12.00pm
Acez Instrument (S) Pte. Ltd 6867 7600
Monday - Friday
8.30am - 5.30pm
Saturday
8.30am - 1.00pm
One Family Food Centre 6268 3872
Monday - Friday
6.00am - 7.00pm
Saturday
6.00am - 6.00pm
Sunday/Public Holiday
6.00am - 4.00pm
Sakra Minimart 9639 3593 Monday - Friday
10.00am - 5.00pm
La Vela Restaurant & Café 6266 1933
Monday - Friday
9.00am - 4.30pm
New Developments @ Jurong Island
Towards a Smoother Traffic Flow at Jurong Island Checkpoint
In anticipation of the increase in traffic into Jurong Island due mainly to the various expansion and
construction projects, JTC had embarked on various traffic measures leading through the Jurong Island
Checkpoint. These measures aim to provide smoother traffic without compromising on security of Jurong
Island and safety to the motorists. Some of the measures include :
· Introduction of Reversible Flow for inbound traffic at Jurong Pier Flyover
· Conversion of existing Checkpoint Vehicular Outbound Lanes to cater to Reversible Flow
· Conversion of part of Jurong Island Highway (immediately after the Checkpoint) to cater to Reversible Flow
· Conversion of the Departure Hall area into both Arrival and Departure
· Construction of additional bus alighting and boarding bays
· Addition of 11 security clearance turnstiles at Arrival Hall
· Relocation of the Long Term Pass Office to 20 Jurong Pier Road
JTC will be implementing the reversible flow traffic scheme with effect from 28 Oct 2008, with operational
hours between 6:30am and 8:30am.
If you require any clarifications or assistance, please feel free to contact the Emergency Command Centre at
62681020. Thank you and we look forward to your continued support.
Electronics
Wafer Fabrication and Advanced Display Park
Singapore’s semiconductor industry began in the 1960s, with the introduction of early assembly and testing activities.
Based on a report by the Strategic Marketing Associates in 2006, Singapore is ranked No. 2 by city after Hsinchu in
Taiwan and No. 6 by country after Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, US and China in terms of wafer fab production capacity.
The wafer companies in Singapore accounts for about 10% of the world’s foundry wafer output and holds 5% of worldwide
wafer fabrication capacity. In 2007, the semiconductor cluster generated S$36.2billion (US$24 billion) semiconductor
manufacturing output with a value-add of S$9.7billion (US$6.4 billion) and employs around 40,000 people.
The industry is currently supported by a vibrant ecosystem with 40 integrated circuit design companies, 20 chip
assembly and test plants, 8 Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMs) /Compound /Epitaxy Wafer Fabs, 14 silicon
wafer fabrication facilities as well as research Institutes and supporting industries.
There are 4 wafer fabrication parks and 1 advanced display park in Singapore. They are located in Woodlands, North
Coast, Tampines and Pasir Ris and occupy a total land area of 252.48 hectares.
Tampines Wafer Fab Park
Located in the eastern region of Singapore, near the Tampines Regional
Centre, this park benefits from the excellent road and rail links provided by the
Tampines Expressway and Tampines MRT station.
42.78 hectares of the 79.95 hectares of total land available in the park has
already been taken up by semiconductor companies like Chartered
Semiconductor Tampines (CSM Tampines), Singapore, Siltronic Singapore,
Siltronic Samsung Wafer, Formfactor and Qimonda.
.
Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park
Situated in the eastern region of Singapore, this park is conveniently located close to the Tampines Re
is easily available, given its proximity to the Tampines Expressway and Pasir Ris MRT station.
Currently, about 18.88 hectares of the 59.63 hectares site has already been allocated. Established
Silicon Manufacturing and Soitec..
Woodlands Wafer Fab Park
This park is located in the northern region of Singapore, near the Woodlands
Regional Centre. It enjoys excellent connectivity to the city and airport via
the Marsiling MRT station and Bukit Timah Expressway.
About 28.33 hectares of the 48.5 hectares site has been allocated.
Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, our home-grown semiconductor
company is an anchor tenant in the park, with five wafer fabrication plants on
site. The other occupants include TECH Semiconductor Singapore and First
DCS, which provides chilled water to the wafer fabrication companies in the
park.
North Coast Wafer Fab Park
Located in the northern region of Singapore, the North Coast Wafer Fab
Park is situated close to the Woodlands Regional Centre, Admiralty MRT
Station and the Bukit Timah Expressway.
Out of the 21.0 hectares of total land available at the park, 0.67 hectares has
been allocated to Avago and 11.92 hectares has been allocated to IM Flash
Singapore, a joint venture between Intel and Micron.
Advanced Display Park
This park features a 35.0 hectares site dedicated to supporting the
advanced display industry. It is home to AFPD, which is fully-owned by
Toshiba and operates Singapore’s first Thin Film Transistor (TFT) – Liquid
Crystal Display (LDC) plant. The park is located in the vicinity of the
Tampines Regional Centre, Tampines MRT station and the Tampines
Expressway.
Infocomm
Fusionopolis @ one-north is envisioned to be a vibrant hotspot for R&D in the Infocomm and Media (ICM),
Science and Engineering industries. The 30-ha cluster, to be developed in phases, will be the catalyst for a
dynamic public-private partnership in these key disciplines. Fusionopolis will serve as the cradle of
knowledge where next generation applications are incubated and test-bedded.
Fast Facts
With a vision on integration and fusion of industries, the ICT, Media, Science and Engineering industries
have been strategically housed within Fusionopolis, a world class research infrastructure and network. At
Fusionopolis, multidisciplinary research and partnerships will thrive in a mutually rewarding environment,
allowing scientists across industries, research institutes and businesses to collaborate in research projects
to pioneer the development of technology products and solutions. It is also the first work-live-play-learn
development in one-north. Residents can enjoy the benefits of living in chic and cosy apartments, excellent
connectivity with the one-north MRT station, one-stop entertainment hub with themed restaurants, a fitness
club as well as lifestyle retailers all under the same setting.
Developmental Phases
Phase 1
Phase 1 of the Fusionopolis is a 120,000 sqm development designed by internationally renowned Japanese
architect, the late Dr Kisho Kurokawa. The two-tower cum podium complex is the first integrated work-live-
play-learn development in one-north. It showcases work-live apartments, a state-of-the-art Experimental
Theatre (Genexis), the one-north gallery as well as amenities such as food and beverage and retail outlets,
a fitness club and a roof top swimming pool. Equipped with facilities like broadband connectivity, satellite
access and IT infrastructure, Phase 1 provides an ideal environment for both public and private research
institutes. Phase 1 is also an eco-friendly development which comes with a total of 13 sky gardens or "green
lungs".
Fusionopolis Phase 1 was officially opened on 17 October 2008. Its tenants include the research institutes
under A*STAR (Science & Engineering Research Council (SERC), Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R),
Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) and the Data Storage Institute (DSI)), the Media
Development Authority, SPRING Singapore, AFC Network Pte Ltd, Autodesk Asia Pte Ltd, Thales
Technology Centre (S) Pte Ltd, Vestas Technology R&D Pte Ltd, Seiko Instruments and Ubisoft Singapore
Pte Ltd.
Phase 2A
Phase 2A will yield 103,600 sqm of business park and R&D space, when it is completed in 2012. A massive
test-bed for new technologies, Phase 2A is designed to house dry and wet laboratories, clean rooms and
vibration sensitive test-bedding facilities. It will also see the setting up of Singapore's largest R&D clean
room facility.
Phase 2B
Phase 2B is a 50,000 sqm development designed by renowned "green" architect, Dr Ken Yeang. This green
and sustainable development will provide business park and laboratory space to house agencies and
companies that would form synergistic collaborations with those from Phases 1 and 2A when it is completed
in 2011.
Media
A place where the finest in the media industry can thrive and grow. A place where content,
services and collaborations can be financed, produced, developed and traded to international
markets. A place where new media tools and applications can be created, tested and launched
to the world stage. It all begins here - Mediapolis @ one-north. Mediapolis is a unique
collaboration between four government agencies – the Media Development Authority, JTC
Corporation as the master developer, Infocomm Development Authority and the Economic
Development Board. When completed, Mediapolis will be a vital piece of Singapore's media
ecosystem and help elevate Singapore into a Trusted Global Media Hub.
Fast Facts
Mediapolis is strategically located within one-north, a 200-hectares innovation and R&D hub. Mediapolis will be
a self-contained center of expertise that will house a media ecosystem comprising incubators, R&D activities,
content development, digital production, broadcasting, industry-responsive education, intellectual property and
digital rights management. These will be anchored by shared facilities such as sound stages, advanced digital
screen studios, sound recording studios and motion capture studios and services.
Mediapolis will focus on the development of high quality digital media content as well as R&D in interactive
digital media. It will be supported by a strong and robust IT infrastructure and a synergistic business
environment.
Developmental Plans
A 19-hectare plot within one-north has been earmarked for the development of Mediapolis. The development
will be demand driven by the industry and will be carried out in phases. When fully developed, there will be
business park space to house quality digital production and post production facilities. R&D laboratories located
within Mediapolis will also play a key role to boost R&D efforts in digital media technologies to capture the
increasing demand for innovative applications, services and devices. The master plan for Mediapolis @ one-
north was unveiled in December 2008.
Logistics
LogisPark
Strategic location, efficient 24/7 operations, reliable physical and IT infrastructure, and excellent connectivity have made
Singapore a compelling global logistics hub and supply chain management (SCM) nerve centre. With over 3000
international and local logistics companies already located in Singapore, we are a key logistics hub in the Asia Pacific.
The logistics service sector is enjoying healthy growth from the continued development of the local manufacturing industry
and newly-identified high growth industry clusters in the biomedical and chemical industries.
Our position as Asia's leading distribution hub is supported by the presence of a myriad of companies that have
established regional distribution centres (RDCs) in Singapore, and our steadfast commitment to the industry continues
with investment in an integrated IT platform to support our world-class port and logistics hub
Supporting Singapore's goal to become the region's premier logistics hub, JTC has gone beyond providing mere
space for logistics businesses. A new generation of business solutions have been tailored for third party service
providers (3PLs), chemical logistics companies and companies requiring general warehousing. JTC aims to help
realise Singapore's vision as the leading integrated logistics hub in the Asia-Pacific region by providing best-value
industrial facilities, and facilitating value-creation in the industry through fostered partnerships.
Airport Logistics Park of Singapore (ALPS)
The 26-ha ALPS was officially opened in 2003 and is Singapore's first logistics
park with Free Trade Zone status. Leveraging on the excellent connectivity and
handling efficiency of Changi Airport, lessees and tenants in the park enjoy quick
turnaround for time-sensitive products and services. It also offers reduced cycle
times, administrative and manpower costs associated with import and export
procedures. Since its launch, an increasing number of logistics players in the
industry are recognising the advantages of locating in ALPS. To date, 18-ha of
land has been allocated. ALPS is currently home to world-class logistics players
like Menlo Worldwide Forwarding Inc, Bax Global Pte Ltd, Nippon Express
(Singapore) Pte Ltd, UPS SCS (Singapore) Pte Ltd and DHL Exel Supply Chain
Singapore Pte Ltd.
ALPS won the "Logistics Park of the Year" award at the Asia Logistics Awards
2006 ceremony held on 5 October 2006. The Asia Logistics Awards is an annual
event organised by Lloyd's Freight Transport Buyer Asia (FTB Asia) and aims to
recognise the leading players in various sectors such as freight transport, logistics
and supply chain management. Nominees for this award were judged based on
the following criteria: quality of park management; level of customer service;
location and access to transportation; park infrastructure; costs and tax
incentives. Although ALPS was up against strong contenders like AMATA and
Jebel Ali FTZ, it was selected as "Logistics Park of the Year" by an independent
panel of leading executives in the logistics industry.
Banyan and Meranti LogisPark
Located on Jurong Island, Asia-Pacific's premier integrated chemicals hub, Banyan
LogisPark and Meranti LogisPark provide a full spectrum of integrated logistics and
supply chain support for companies on Jurong Island.
For more information on the chemical logisparks on Jurong Island, please click here.
Other LogisParks
JTC also offers a wide array of land sites at various locations around Singapore.
Our sites are available in various sizes and are well served by infrastructure such as
power, water supply, sewerage system, telecommunications and an efficient
network of roads.
For more information on the various logistics parks, please click Changi, Toh Tuck &
Toh Guan and Clementi West.
!"#$% !&!"#$% !&!"#$% !&!"#$% !&
'( )*+,-./0123 430 ! 5 .365& $7 "315 3 3 ! $%389
- : -;/1 & -3/5 <3 !$ < $ $%389
= 65 - 53 & !0)) <3 5 $ . 0!"5 3 )) 58558$0
!5&#2 $%89>7 5 .3 33 5 58= !$ !0))
/ $%389 - 01$"$%!$ < 30- %?785 @5 78
=8!!$65 !0)) 5< - 75$2 - =8!!$ !0<3 @!5 ))
-3 . $%958585 A< $7-2 657 30)-).- : 0 7
"31. 657- 5 65 /$7- 8"BC*+D *E +F !$.1- 5 $%$7
))) PDF file , to download from Burma Gas - Shwe.org
http://shwe.org/Attachments/Corridor of Power Burmese-lowquality.pdf
5 7$/- - 657 5 !! 65& 3 8G365/8430-$ @
- 5!& >75 7- . 3
$%3893 $5!& -78"@
- 5 $7 338
7$/- - 657 . 3 ))
5/5 7$/ 01!$= H5
>: 32 30 65 < ! @
$& 3 !$= H65
>%: $0))
2 >: 3 $=". $%389
2 $%3 ))9 7$/- - 657
)) 8G3 $0)) !"- - - - 01
2$3 5 30 3/
- 355 I$ @5 78
. $%389J $355 3
I : 7@$ @-73!7 5
$ $%89 5 H3 35 $%$09
- - 657 20$%$ 0)) $& "!"2
/0 30 " 8" 5 3
- 8@5K<75@- > 7 ))
& . $%389= 65
8G3 $ 0)) !"3//0 !0<3 J 65& !$%389
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)
3 J73 J73 J73 J7 )))))))) 3 353 353 353 35
5 /65 -./01 +L*LM* L+NCOP 0
1 5- - I%3 /65
G8 - @;%3 / 8G32/530
3/5 1 5 $%389>%$ 0
8G3 30!"G =3@ 5 $"@
</>G! @Q 5 ))
2$3 5 3 !& 2" $%389
!15 5 -$ #$ 38
$ !0 $ 02" 3 5 3
!5 $%89 3/
-5/4 . 30)) -IR! @I$ @
3 5 78 @3 4 @5 3 $%3
S4 - 5 5 65$%389 5 $"BTF@
- 5 BUF 016 63 ! BVTF 5 3
- I%3-! -! 5 <0$%$09
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_future_GDP_per_capita_estimates_(PPP)
- ;%3 /1 /01 $& ! ! 3/ "
V9 2/530;%3 /1$ : Q 3 3 & $%389 2 01?785
5 2/530 5 2545 3 3 . $%="9 J;%3 /1 /W=7!
! 5Q 5 $" 04 /X4 =7! B L+ Y+* Z[]^_` * F 018J65&
= $%="92 04 /5 3 5 $"25 S< ! 5 $%3893 J7 3
5 $" 04 /5 7$%=")) 4 /5 30 . 30 5 $"5$0
3 004 ! <0. $%389
S9 4 /5 30 ;%3 /!$ 5 4 5 65# " ))
!5 ! !$%389 $& 7$/ $ !$ 5 !$ 5 $ /!$3
- 5 < $%$092 $a !1$a$ ! !5 $7 5 $" V4 5 < 2 30 /
$&5 < $%$ !$ @ %. 657 $%$20$55 0 5 /30G3! 3/
- 657$%9 ? 318"! 0 /- 75 3 & 3 & 38 $J789
X9 $& $ $7 - < / 89 7$/ ! !$ 8 )) < " 5
< ! 30 /65 - - 75 ! 4 $0@ - 8 $0 482 $7
S ! 5 65&$%9 58 $%! 30!$ /@ - 3/1-65#01)) 7$7
S ! 5 65# 65&$%9
W9>% Q3$0 - @ !1$%! 30 /- - 7017$/ 2!$!15 3 ))
5 $"$0$ ! @5/ -!$!$ .1 $%389
$&3 35.15 3 )) 5 20 S4 ! 5-3/ 3 35! 303 $$&@
5 78 01?785 315 "8" $%9 "31- 5 58 $ ! 3058!"# 0
b 5 - $$7 .3 a30-3/5 )) 3 35! . 389
=8 "< /1!A3 $7 3 )) 58G35 653 & $%$0))9
$&$ 5 !"# / $& $ ! !$5 30- Q 3 35 0
! 65 $a 5 $%$09 - S4V4 3 = 2" $%="9
- !5-$#!5 5$02/5 <0$%$09 $&$ 5 7@ 3 </ ))
<5!5 $7- 3/1-65#01 /65 B b F < $% !1))
SVc . .a4%7cS4V4
ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ တ႐ုတ္ အမ်ားဆံုး
သတင္းရင္းျမစ္ > ကိုေပါက္
အဂၤါေန႔၊ ေဖေဖၚဝါရီလ ၂၂ ရက္ ၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၈ နာရီ ၁၁ မိနစ္
နယူးေဒလီ (မဇၥ်ိမ) ။      ။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ႏိုင္ငံျခား ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ ပမာဏ အမ်ားဆံုးႏိုင္ငံမွာ
တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံ ျဖစ္လာေၾကာင္း ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ကုန္သည္မ်ားႏွင့္ စက္မႈလက္မႈ လုပ္ငန္းရွင္မ်ားအသင္း UMFCCI
ေျပာဆိုခ်က္အရ သိရသည္။
တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံက ၆.၄ ဘီလ်ံ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထားရာမွ ယခုႏွစ္ ဇန္နဝါရီလတြင္ ၉.၆ ဘီလ်ံအထိ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ျမႇင့္တင္ခဲ့ရာ
၉.၅ ဘီလ်ံသာ ရွိသည့္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံထက္ ေက်ာ္လြန္ကာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ အမ်ားဆံုးႏုိင္ငံ ျဖစ္သြားျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
“တ႐ုတ္က ပေရာဂ်က္ေပါင္း ၃ဝ ဗ်။ ေရနံနဲ႔ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔မွာ
အမ်ားဆံုးေပါ့။ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴကေန ကူမင္းကို သြယ္မယ့္ ေရနံပိုက္လိုင္းေလ။ အဲဒီဟာမွာ အမ်ားဆံုးပဲခင္ဗ်” ဟု
UMFCCI ျပန္ၾကားေရးဌာနမွ ဦးမ်ဳိးဝင္းထြန္းက မဇၥ်ိမကို ေျပာသည္။
{play}images/NewsPhotos/FEB11/UMFCCIUMWT.mp3{/play}
၂ဝဝ၆ ခုႏွစ္ေနာက္ပိုင္း ေရနံႏွင့္ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔က႑တြင္ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံခဲ့သည့္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံမွာ
ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ အမ်ားဆံုး ႏိုင္ငံအျဖစ္ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ႏွစ္ ႏိုဝဘၤာလအထိ ၇ ႏွစ္ၾကာ တည္ရွိခဲ့သည္။ ထိုစဥ္က
တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံမွာ နံပါတ္ ၂ ေနရာတြင္ ရွိေနခဲ့သည္။
UMFCCI တရားဝင္ ထုတ္ျပန္ထားေသာ ကိန္းဂဏန္းမ်ားအရ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ အမ်ားဆံုး ၆ ႏိုင္ငံတြင္
တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံက အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၉၆ဝ၃.၁၆၈ သန္း၊ ထိုင္းက ၉၅၆၈.ဝ၉၃ သန္း၊ ေဟာင္ေကာင္က
၅၉ဝ၄.၉၁၈ သန္း၊ ကိုရီးယားက ၂၇၂ဝ.၈ဝ၆ သန္း၊ ၿဗိတိန္က ၂၆၅၉.၉၅၄ သန္းႏွင့္ စကၤာပူက ၁၅၉၂.၄၄၃
သန္း ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထားသည္။
တ႐ုတ္ျပည္သူ႔သမၼတ ႏိုင္ငံသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ယခုႏွစ္ ဇန္နဝါရီလကုန္အထိ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၁ဝ
ဘီလ်ံနီးပါး ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထားေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ယခုႏွစ္အတြင္း လွ်ပ္စစ္စြမ္းအားက႑ႏွင့္ ေရနံႏွင့္ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔
က႑တြင္ ၃ ဘီလ်ံေက်ာ္ ထပ္မံရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံေၾကာင္း ယခုတပတ္ထုတ္ Eleven ဂ်ာနယ္ အင္တာနက္
စာမ်က္ႏွာတြင္လည္း ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။
1 / 2
ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ တ႐ုတ္ အမ်ားဆံုး
သတင္းရင္းျမစ္ > ကိုေပါက္
အဂၤါေန႔၊ ေဖေဖၚဝါရီလ ၂၂ ရက္ ၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၈ နာရီ ၁၁ မိနစ္
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ႏိုင္ငံျခား ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈမ်ားမွာ ေရနံႏွင့္ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔က႑၌ ၄၂ %၊ လွ်ပ္စစ္က႑တြင္
၃၆ %၊ သတၳဳတူးေဖာ္မႈတြင္ ၈ %  စသျဖင့္ ရွိေၾကာင္း ဦးမ်ဳိးဝင္းထြန္းက ေျပာသည္။
၁၉၈၈ ခုႏွစ္ ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ တံခါးဖြင့္ စီးပြားေရးေပၚလစီအရ အဓိကအားျဖင့္
အိမ္နီးခ်င္းႏိုင္ငံမ်ားမွ လာေရာက္ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံရာ ထိုင္း၊ စကၤာပူ၊ တ႐ုတ္၊ ေဟာင္ေကာင္၊ ကိုရီးယားႏွင့္
ၿဗိတိန္မွာ အဓိက ႏိုင္ငံမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။
ျမန္မာႏွင့္ တ႐ုတ္အၾကား ကုန္သြယ္မႈ ပမာဏမွာ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ၂ဝဝ၉-၂ဝ၁ဝ ဘ႑ာႏွစ္အတြင္း က်ပ္သန္းေပါင္း
၁ဝ,၂၁၃ ေက်ာ္ ရွိခဲ့သည္။
2 / 2
ေျပာစရာနည္းနည္း ရိွလို႔ပါ - This is the truth. Burmese
from Singapore
ႏိုင္ငံျခားလာၿပီးအလုပ္လုပ္တာကိုပဲ တခ်ိဳ႔က ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ သစၥာေဖာက္မႈႀကီးလို ျမင္ေနၾကေသးတယ္။
ကြ်ဲေျခရာခြက္ထဲ က်ေနတဲ့ဖားေလးေတြလို အင္မတန္ သနားစရာေကာင္းတဲ့ သူမ်ားပါေပပ ခင္ဗ်ာ။
ေျပာတဲ့သူေတြက ဥေရာပႏိုင္ငံေတြက မဟာဘဲြ႔၊ ေဒါက္တာဘဲြ႔ႀကီးေတြ ယူလာခဲ့တဲ့သူေတြ ျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္
ကြ်န္ေတာ့္မွာ အံ့လည္းအံ့ၾသမိပါရဲ့။ ေအးေလ၊ သူတို႔လည္း သူတို႔အျမင္နဲ႔ သူတို႔ေပါ့။ ရိွပါေစ။
သူမ်ားေတြ ဘာေတြလုပ္ေနသလဲ။ သူတို႔ဒီလိုသြားျခင္းျဖင့္ ဘယ္လို အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ေတြရသလဲ ဆိုတာ
နည္းနည္းမွ ထည့္မစဥ္းစားဘဲ သူတို႔ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ၀န္ထမ္းဘ၀နဲ႔ လုပ္ေနတာကိုဘဲ ျျမန္မာျပည္ႀကီးက
သင္ေပးလိုက္တဲ့ ပညာေတြ အတြက္ အမိႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ႀကီးကို ျပန္ေက်းဇူးဆပ္ေနသလိုလို။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔က
ျမန္မာျပည္က သင္ေပးလိုက္တဲ့ ပညာေတြနဲ႔ စင္ကာပူ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ႀကီးကိုပဲ အလုပ္အေကြ်းျပဳေနသလိုလို။
ဒါက သူတို႔အျမင္ကိုး ခင္ဗ်။ ေဒါက္တာေအာင္ထြန္းသက္ ေျပာတာေလး နားေထာင္ၾကည့္စမ္းပါ။
“သူတို႔ႏိုင္ငံျခားသြားလုပ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ကိုယ့္ႏိုင္ငံမွာမရိွတဲ့ ေခတ္မီအတတ္ပညာေတြ သူတို႔ဟာသူတို႔ ေလ့လာၿပီးသား
သင္ၿပီးသား ျဖစ္သြားတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ အဲဒီလူေတြသာ ျမန္မာျပည္ျပန္လာခဲ့ရင္ သူတို႔နဲ႔အတူပါလာမဲ့
အတတ္ပညာေတြဟာ ဘာနဲ႔မွ ၀ယ္လို႔မရတ့ဲ အင္မတန္ အဖိုးတန္တဲ့အရာေတြ ျဖစ္တယ္။ ေနာက္ၿပီး
တကမၻာလံုးမွာရိွတဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရာက္ျမန္မာေတြကေန ျမန္မာျပည္ျပန္ပို႔ေနတဲ့ ေငြေတြဟာ
နည္းနည္းေနာေနာမဟုတ္ဘူး - တဲ့။”
ဆရာႀကီးေျပာတာ ဟုတ္မဟုတ္ နည္းနည္း ေပသီးေခါက္ၾကည့္ရေအာင္။
ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ ျမန္မာသံရံုးကို တစ္လ ဘယ္ေလာက္ေပးေနရသလဲ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ လတိုင္း တစ္လကို
စင္ကာပူေဒၚလာ ၁၂၀ (ျမန္မာေငြ တစ္သိန္းနီးပါး) ေပးေနရတယ္ ဆိုတာ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ သိပါတယ္။ ပီအာ၊ အီးပီ၊
အက္စ္ပတ္စ္၊ ၀ပ္ပါမစ္၊ မိတ္။ အားလံုး ပွ်မ္းမွ်ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ တစ္ေယာက္ ၈၀ ပဲထားပါဦး။
စင္ကာပူမွာ လာအလုပ္လုပ္ေနတဲ့ ျမန္မာေပါင္း သိန္းဂဏန္းနီးနီးရိွတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ၅ ေသာင္းပဲထားပါဗ်ာ။
ျမန္မာသံရံုးရဲ့ တစ္လ ၀င္ေငြ ေနာ္။ တြက္ၾကည့္မယ္။ ၈၀ x ၅၀၀၀၀ = စင္ကာပူေဒၚလာ ၄ သန္း။ အားပါးပါး။
သိပ္မ်ားသြားသလား။ ထားပါ ေလးပံုတစ္ပံု ဆုိရင္ေတာင္ တစ္သန္း --- ခင္ဗ်။
ျမန္မာျပည္က ဘယ္စက္ရံု၊ ဘယ္ရံုး၊ ဘယ္ဌာနက တစ္လ ေဒၚလာေလးသန္း (ဘာအရင္းမွ စိုက္စရာမလို၊
ဘာစက္ပစၥည္းမွ မလို၊ လုပ္သားခဘယ္ေလာက္မွ မလို၊ ဘာ ကာယအား၊ ဉာဏအားမွ စိုက္စရာမလိုဘဲ)
ရပါသလဲ။ ေျပာပါ။
ဒါ သံရံုးကို ေျပာတာ။ စင္ကာပူလာ အလုပ္လုပ္တယ္ ဆိုတာ ကိုယ့္မိသားစုကို ေကြ်းေမြးေထာက္ပံ့ဘို႔ ဆိုတဲ့
ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္နဲ႔ခ်ည္း လာၾကတာ။ ဘယ္သူမွ အားအားလ်ားလ်ား အေလလိုက္ရေအာင္ (သည္းခံပါခင္ဗ်ာ -
ရိုင္းသြားတယ္) ေပ်ာ္ဘို႔ပါးဘို႔ လာၾကတဲ့သူ မရိွဘူး။ သူရို႔ႀကိဳက္တတ္လို႔ ဘီယာေသာက္တယ္ ဆိုရင္ေတာင္
အိမ္ေတာ့ ျခစ္ခ်ဳပ္ျပန္ပို႔ၾကတဲ့ သူခ်ည္းပဲ။ ဒါဆို စင္ကာပူႏိုင္ငံသား ခံသြားတဲ့လူေတြကလဲြလို႔ က်န္တဲ့
ျျမန္မာေတြအားလံုး ကိုယ့္မိသားစုရိွရာ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို ပိုက္ဆံျပန္ပို႔ၾကတဲ့ သူေတြခ်ည္းပဲေပါ့။ ရွင္းေနတာဘဲ။
ကိုင္း၊ ဒါဆို တစ္လတစ္လ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို ႏိုင္ငံျခားမွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနသူေတြ ျျပန္ပို႔ေနတဲ့ ေငြေတြ
တြက္ၾကည့္မယ္။ တကမၻာလံုးဆိုတာ သိပ္ က်ယ္ျပန္႔တယ္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ လက္လွမ္းမမီဘူး။ ကိုယ္သိသေလာက္
စင္ကာပူကိုပဲ တြက္မယ္။
ခုနေျပာသလို စင္ကာပူမွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနတဲ့သူကုိ ၅ ေသာင္းပဲထား တြက္ရေအာင္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တစ္လကို
အနည္းဆံုး ဆယ္သိန္း ျပန္ပို႔တယ္။ ၀ပ္ပါမစ္သမားေတြဆို အနည္းဆံုး သံုးသိန္းေတာ့ ပို႔မယ္။ ထားပါ။ ပ်မ္းမွ်ျခင္း
- တစ္ေယာက္ကို ငါးသိန္းပို႔တယ္ပဲထား။ တစ္ေယာက္ ငါးသိန္း x လူ ငါးေသာင္း = က်ပ္ သန္းေပါင္း
ႏွစ္ေသာင္းခဲြ = ၂၅ ဘီလ်ံ။ အိုးဟိုးဟိုး။
အာ၊ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္တာ။ ဒါဆို နည္းနည္းေလွ်ာ့ခ်ၾကည့္မယ္။
ကဲ တစ္ေယာက္ တစ္သိန္း x လူငါးေသာင္း = က်ပ္ သန္းေပါင္း ၅ ေထာင္ = ၅ ဘီလ်ံ။ (ဒါထက္ပိုစရာပဲ
ရွိတယ္။) ဒါ - စင္ကာပူတစ္ႏိုင္ငံထဲကို ေျပာတာ။ တကမၻာလံုးမွာ ဆယ္ႏိုင္ငံကို သြားအလုပ္လုပ္ၾကတယ္ပဲ
ဆိုပါေတာ့။ ၅ ဘီလ်ံ x ၁၀ = ဘယ္ေလာက္ျဖစ္သြားမလဲ၊ ဘီလ်ံ ၅၀ မဟုတ္လား။ အဲဒါ တစ္ႏွစ္ကိုေျပာတာ
မဟုတ္ဘူး။ တစ္လ တစ္လ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို ၀င္ေနတဲ့ ပိုက္ဆံေတြကိုေျပာတာ။
ခင္ဗ်ား ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ရင္ တစ္လ ဘယ္ေလာက္ရမလဲ။ ေမးစရာမလိုပါဘူးဗ်ာ။ မစားေလာက္လို႔
လာၾကတဲ့ သူေတြခ်ည္းဟာကို။ ဒါဆို တကယ္စစ္စစ္ေပါက္ေပါက္ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာသာ တြက္ၾကည့္မယ္ဆိုရင္
ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ဆီကေန ၀င္ေနတဲ့ ျမန္မာျပည္ရဲ့ ၀င္ေငြဟာ (သံရံုးေတြအပါအ၀င္ဆိုရင္)
ျျမန္မာတစ္ႏုိင္ငံလံုးရဲ့ အမိ်ဳးသားထုတ္ကုန္ (GDP) ရဲ့ ထက္၀က္မွ်ေတာင္ မရိွႏိုင္ေပဘူးလား။
ထားပါေတာ့ဗ်ာ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ စိတ္တိုတိုနဲ႔ ေရးလိုက္တာပါ။ အသက္လည္း ႀကီးပါၿပီ။ ဖက္ၿပိဳင္ၿပီးေတာ့လည္း
ရန္မျဖစ္ခ်င္ ေတာ့ပါဘူး။
ကြ်န္ေတာ္က ကိုယ္လုပ္ႏိုင္တတ္သမွ်ေလးနဲ႔ ျမန္မာျပည္နဲ႔ ျျပည္သူျပည္သားေတြကို လုပ္ေပးမယ္ဆုိၿပီး
သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြနဲ႔စုၿပီး ေက်ာင္းေတြ (အစိုးရစာသင္ေက်ာင္း၊ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးသင္၊ သီလရင္သင္
ပညာေရးေက်ာင္း) ျပင္ေပး။ ေဆးရံုေဆးခန္းေတြ ျပင္ေပး။ ေဆာက္ေပး လုပ္ေနတာ။ ခုဆို ေနရာေပါင္း ၁၄၀
ေလာက္ရိွၿပီ။ ျမန္မာေငြနဲ႔ သိန္း ၇၅၀ ေက်ာ္။ စင္ကာပူေဒၚလာ တစ္သိန္းေက်ာ္။
ကြ်န္ေတာ္ျမန္မာျပည္မွာေနရင္ လုပ္ႏုိင္ပါ့မလား။ ကိုယ့္ဟာကိုယ္ေတာင္ မနည္း ထမင္းစားဘို႔လုပ္ေနရတာ။
ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔လို လုပ္ေနတဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရာက္ ျမန္မာေတြ၊ အဖဲြ႔အစည္းေတြ
မနည္းပါဘူးဗ်ာ။ ရာနဲ႔ခ်ီရိွပါတယ္။ အဲဒါေတြသာ ေပါင္းလိုက္ရင္ ခုနက ေအာ္ႀကီးဟစ္က်ယ္ေျပာေနတဲ့
ျမန္မာျပည္ႀကီးရဲ့ အက်ိဳးကို သူတို႔သာ ေဆာင္က်ဥ္းေနပါတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ မမတို႔ထက္ အဆေပါင္း ရာနဲ႔ခ်ီရိွပါတယ္
ခင္ဗ်ာ။
ခုေတာ့ ဒီလို ပရဟိတလုပ္ငန္းဆိုတာ လူတိုင္း (ေစတနာပါရင္) လုပ္လို႔ရတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ သူမ်ားမလုပ္ႏုိင္တာ
ငါလုပ္မဟဲ့လို႔ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ လုိေနတဲ့ (Big Gap) ကြက္လပ္ႀကီးကို ျဖည့္ဘို႔ ညဘက္ အိပ္ခ်ိန္ေတြေလွ်ာ့ၿပီး
စာအုပ္ေတြ ျပဳစုတယ္ ေပါ့ခင္ဗ်ာ။
ကြ်န္ေတာ္ ရန္ကုန္ျပန္ေရာက္ရင္ စာအုပ္ဆိုင္ေတြ၊ စာအုပ္အေဟာင္းတန္းေတြ သြားေမႊေလ့ရိွတယ္။ စာအုပ္ကို
ကြ်န္ေတာ္က လူမွန္းသိတတ္စကတဲက ခ်စ္လာတာ။ ဒီလို ေလွ်ာက္ေမႊရင္းနဲ႔ ကိုယ္က အင္ဂ်င္နီယာဆိုေတာ့
အင္ဂ်င္နီယာနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ စာအုပ္စာတမ္းေတြ လုိက္ရွာၾကည့္တယ္။ ဘုရားစူးရပါေစရဲ့။ တကယ္
အားကိုးအားထား ျျပဳရေလာက္တဲ့ ျမန္မာလိုေရးထားတဲ့ အင္ဂ်င္နီးယားရင္း စာအုပ္ တစ္အုပ္မွ မရွိဘူး ခင္ဗ်ာ။
ဦးေဖသိန္း (လွ်ပ္စစ္) ေရးတဲ့ စာအုပ္တခ်ိဳ႔။ ဦးအုန္းျမင့္ (ဒီဇယ္) ေရးတဲ့ စာအုပ္တခ်ိဳ႔။ ဦးကိုကိုေလး ေရးတဲ့
စာအုပ္တခ်ိဳ႔တေလပဲ ေတြ႔တယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ အဲဒီစာအုပ္ေတြက တကယ့္ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာစာအုပ္ေတြ မဟုတ္ဘူး။
တက္ခနစ္ရွန္ (Technician) ေတြအတြက္ေလာက္ပဲ အသံုးတည့္တယ္။
အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ စာအုပ္ေတြတင္ပဲလားတဲ့။ မဟုတ္ဘူးခင္ဗ်။ တျခား ဘာသာရပ္ေတြေရာပဲ။ အားလံုး။
တကယ့္က်က်နန ျပဳစုထားတဲ့၊ အားကိုးအားထား ျပဳရေလာက္တဲ့စာအုပ္ တစ္အုပ္မွ မရိွဘူး။
ျမန္မာစာေပနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ေတာ့ စာအုပ္ေတြ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ေတြ႔တယ္။ ညီမျဖစ္သူကလည္း
ျမန္မာစာဆရာမ၊ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ကလည္း ျမန္မာစာေပ ၀ါသနာပါေတာ့ လက္လွမ္းမီသမွ် အကုန္လိုလို
၀ယ္ထားတယ္။ အားရစရာဆိုလို႔ ျမန္မာစာေပ တစ္ခုပဲရိွတယ္။
မႏွစ္က ကြ်န္ေတာ့္သူငယ္ခ်င္း ကိုေအာင္ေဇာ္ဦးက သူဖတ္ခ်င္လို႔ စပါးအေၾကာင္း ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ ေရးထားတဲ့
စာအုပ္မ်ားရိွရင္ ေျပာစမ္းပါ။ သိရင္လည္း ၀ယ္ေပးစမ္းပါ။ ပိုက္ဆံေပးပါ့မယ္ ေပါ့။ ေျပာလာတယ္။
ဘုရားစူးရပါေစ့။ ေစ်းကြက္ထဲမွာ စပါးနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ျပည့္ျပည့္စံုစံု ေရးထားတဲ့စာအုပ္ တစ္အုပ္ကမွ မရိွပါဘူး
ခင္ဗ်ာ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ့္မိတ္ေဆြ အေပါင္းအသင္း စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးပညာရွင္ေတြ လိုက္ေမးေတာ့လည္း
၀ယ္လို႔ရတဲ့စာအုပ္ေတာ့ မၾကားမိဘူး။ ဟိုလူ႔မွာေတာ့ ရိွတယ္။ လိုခ်င္ရင္ ေကာ္ပီဆဲြလို႔ရတယ္။ ဒီေနရာမွာေတာ့
ရိွမယ္ထင္တယ္ ဆုိတာေလာက္ပဲ သိခဲ့ရတယ္။
ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔တုိင္းျပည္မွာ စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးပညာရွင္ေတြ၊ ရိုးရိုးဘဲြ႔ရ။ မဟာဘဲြ႔ရ၊ ေဒါက္တာဘဲြ႔ရ၊
နည္းနည္းတတ္တ့ဲသူ၊ အရမ္းေတာ္တဲ့သူေတြ ရိုက္သတ္လို႔ မကုန္ပါဘူး။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္က စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးတကၠသိုလ္ရဲ့
၀န္ထမ္းေဟာင္း တစ္ေယာက္ဆုိေတာ့ ဘယ္သူေတြေတာ့ျဖင့္ ဘယ္ႏုိင္ငံမွာ ဘာဘဲြ႔ေတြ သြားယူေနတယ္ ဆုိတာ
အျမဲလိုလို သတင္းေတြ ၾကားေနရပါတယ္။
ေစ်းကြက္မွာရိွတဲ့ စာအုပ္ေတြက ဘာပန္းပင္စိုက္နည္း၊ မီးဖိုေခ်ာင္သံုး သီးႏွံမ်ားစိုက္နည္း ဆိုၿပီး လယ္သမားေတြ
သိၿပီးသား နည္းပညာေတြေလာက္ပဲ ေရးထားတာမ်ားပါတယ္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္လည္း လွည္းတန္းနဲ႔ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႔ထဲ က
စာအုပ္ဆိုင္ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားမွာ လုိက္ရွာၾကည့္တာပဲ။ မေတြ႔ခဲ့ဘူး။
အဲဒီေတာ့ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အတတ္ပညာပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ စာအုပ္စာတမ္းေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးလိုေနတယ္။ ဘာသာရပ္တုိင္း
အတြက္ကို လိုတာ။ ဒီေတာ့ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ကလည္း အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ ဆိုေတာ့ ကိုယ္သိထားတာေလးေတြ၊
တတ္ထားတာေလးေတြ။ ေလ့လာမိထားတာေလးေတြကို ရႏုိင္တတ္သမွ် စာအုပ္စာတမ္းေတြ ရွာေဖြၿပီး
Power generation-oil-gas-industies
Power generation-oil-gas-industies

More Related Content

What's hot

بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى
بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى
بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى أمنية وجدى
 
Os Ellistutorial
Os EllistutorialOs Ellistutorial
Os Ellistutorialoscon2007
 
Whats next-in-events-free-ebook
Whats next-in-events-free-ebookWhats next-in-events-free-ebook
Whats next-in-events-free-ebookDavid Adler
 
A Symfony Answer Presentation
A Symfony Answer PresentationA Symfony Answer Presentation
A Symfony Answer Presentationjward5519
 
Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?
Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?
Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?Jason Grigsby
 
Caballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgo
Caballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgoCaballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgo
Caballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgoAntonio Hidalgo
 
Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...
Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...
Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...berhanu taye
 
সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...
সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...
সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...mdmahafuz
 
Social Bullseye Services Overview
Social Bullseye Services OverviewSocial Bullseye Services Overview
Social Bullseye Services OverviewDave Jaworski
 
نماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرة
نماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرةنماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرة
نماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرةEasylearn Ld
 
Taller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHH
Taller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHHTaller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHH
Taller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHHXupera
 
Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...
Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...
Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...Institut Pasteur de Madagascar
 
Swift で数学研究のススメ
Swift で数学研究のススメSwift で数学研究のススメ
Swift で数学研究のススメTaketo Sano
 

What's hot (20)

بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى
بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى
بوكلت الدراسات الإجتماعية للصف الرابع الابتدائى للترم الثانى
 
Os Ellistutorial
Os EllistutorialOs Ellistutorial
Os Ellistutorial
 
Whats next-in-events-free-ebook
Whats next-in-events-free-ebookWhats next-in-events-free-ebook
Whats next-in-events-free-ebook
 
الإستاتيكا
الإستاتيكاالإستاتيكا
الإستاتيكا
 
IRB pgs 1 & 2
IRB pgs 1 & 2IRB pgs 1 & 2
IRB pgs 1 & 2
 
A Symfony Answer Presentation
A Symfony Answer PresentationA Symfony Answer Presentation
A Symfony Answer Presentation
 
Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?
Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?
Mobile is the future: Do you have your strategy?
 
Caballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgo
Caballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgoCaballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgo
Caballo de troya de descartes, de antonio hidalgo
 
Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...
Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...
Practical action research work place conflict and strategy solving the proble...
 
Iniciación a la pintura
Iniciación a la pinturaIniciación a la pintura
Iniciación a la pintura
 
সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...
সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...
সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপাল কয়লা বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব নিরুপন বা ইআইএ ...
 
Social Bullseye Services Overview
Social Bullseye Services OverviewSocial Bullseye Services Overview
Social Bullseye Services Overview
 
Thirukkural
ThirukkuralThirukkural
Thirukkural
 
Thirukkural.
Thirukkural.Thirukkural.
Thirukkural.
 
H-Academy
H-AcademyH-Academy
H-Academy
 
الجبر
الجبرالجبر
الجبر
 
نماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرة
نماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرةنماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرة
نماذج رائعة لتقوية الذاكرة
 
Taller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHH
Taller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHHTaller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHH
Taller Social Media aplicado a gestión RRHH
 
Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...
Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...
Tests in vitro de l'action inhibitrice de la croissance de P. falciparum par ...
 
Swift で数学研究のススメ
Swift で数学研究のススメSwift で数学研究のススメ
Swift で数学研究のススメ
 

Viewers also liked

F&A training project March 9, 2012
F&A training project March 9, 2012F&A training project March 9, 2012
F&A training project March 9, 2012DBA-DEC
 
Basic ccpp overview Power plant
Basic ccpp overview Power plantBasic ccpp overview Power plant
Basic ccpp overview Power plantMARLON RAMIREZ
 
Combined Cycle Power Plant
Combined Cycle Power PlantCombined Cycle Power Plant
Combined Cycle Power PlantMd. Rimon Mia
 
Siemens - Power Generation Power Plants
Siemens - Power Generation Power PlantsSiemens - Power Generation Power Plants
Siemens - Power Generation Power PlantsSiemens
 
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1Anurak Atthasit
 
Gas Turbine Operation
Gas Turbine OperationGas Turbine Operation
Gas Turbine OperationMalik M. N.
 
Gas turbines working ppt
Gas turbines working pptGas turbines working ppt
Gas turbines working pptluckyvarsha
 
Presentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Presentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBERPresentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Presentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBERabsalar
 
Gas Turbine PPT
Gas Turbine PPTGas Turbine PPT
Gas Turbine PPTA M
 
Ppt combined cycle power plant
Ppt combined cycle power plantPpt combined cycle power plant
Ppt combined cycle power plantDavid Grenier
 
Gas turbine power plants
Gas turbine power plantsGas turbine power plants
Gas turbine power plantsNishkam Dhiman
 

Viewers also liked (16)

F&A training project March 9, 2012
F&A training project March 9, 2012F&A training project March 9, 2012
F&A training project March 9, 2012
 
MOSSAD
MOSSADMOSSAD
MOSSAD
 
High Ethane Fuel Gas_ Combustors
High Ethane Fuel Gas_ CombustorsHigh Ethane Fuel Gas_ Combustors
High Ethane Fuel Gas_ Combustors
 
Basic ccpp overview Power plant
Basic ccpp overview Power plantBasic ccpp overview Power plant
Basic ccpp overview Power plant
 
Combustion chambers
Combustion chambersCombustion chambers
Combustion chambers
 
Power Generation: Combined Cycle
Power Generation: Combined CyclePower Generation: Combined Cycle
Power Generation: Combined Cycle
 
Combined Cycle Power Plant
Combined Cycle Power PlantCombined Cycle Power Plant
Combined Cycle Power Plant
 
Siemens - Power Generation Power Plants
Siemens - Power Generation Power PlantsSiemens - Power Generation Power Plants
Siemens - Power Generation Power Plants
 
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1
 
Gas Turbine Operation
Gas Turbine OperationGas Turbine Operation
Gas Turbine Operation
 
Gas Turbine Power Plant
Gas Turbine Power PlantGas Turbine Power Plant
Gas Turbine Power Plant
 
Gas turbines working ppt
Gas turbines working pptGas turbines working ppt
Gas turbines working ppt
 
Presentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Presentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBERPresentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Presentation:COMBUSTION CHAMBER
 
Gas Turbine PPT
Gas Turbine PPTGas Turbine PPT
Gas Turbine PPT
 
Ppt combined cycle power plant
Ppt combined cycle power plantPpt combined cycle power plant
Ppt combined cycle power plant
 
Gas turbine power plants
Gas turbine power plantsGas turbine power plants
Gas turbine power plants
 

Similar to Power generation-oil-gas-industies

TRUenergy Gas Storage SPE Presentation
TRUenergy Gas Storage SPE PresentationTRUenergy Gas Storage SPE Presentation
TRUenergy Gas Storage SPE PresentationAlex Goiye
 
Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”
Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”
Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”dhammasociety
 
وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى وزةى با كارؤ هةواى وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...
وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى  وزةى با    كارؤ هةواى  وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى  وزةى با    كارؤ هةواى  وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...
وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى وزةى با كارؤ هةواى وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...Rawaz Jalal
 
Connectix webserver
Connectix webserverConnectix webserver
Connectix webserversteveheer
 
A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...
A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...
A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...Andrew Parish
 
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)Compassion Action Network
 
Server not ready
Server not readyServer not ready
Server not readyb3randal
 
RACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_def
RACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_defRACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_def
RACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_defStéphane M. Grueso
 
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDFguia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDFhome
 
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDFguia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDFhome
 
Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...
Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...
Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...People's Archive of Rural India
 

Similar to Power generation-oil-gas-industies (20)

Planning v2
Planning v2Planning v2
Planning v2
 
TRUenergy Gas Storage SPE Presentation
TRUenergy Gas Storage SPE PresentationTRUenergy Gas Storage SPE Presentation
TRUenergy Gas Storage SPE Presentation
 
Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”
Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”
Preview Of “Preparation Tipitaka Recitation 2008 ”
 
OpenSSO Microsoft Interop
OpenSSO Microsoft InteropOpenSSO Microsoft Interop
OpenSSO Microsoft Interop
 
وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى وزةى با كارؤ هةواى وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...
وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى  وزةى با    كارؤ هةواى  وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى  وزةى با    كارؤ هةواى  وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...
وزه‌ى با Wind energy كارۆ هه‌واى وزةى با كارؤ هةواى وزەی با - وزەی هەوا ...
 
Huang Chinese
Huang ChineseHuang Chinese
Huang Chinese
 
Connectix webserver
Connectix webserverConnectix webserver
Connectix webserver
 
A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...
A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...
A Bibliographic Essay On Reference Sources On International And Federal Law R...
 
alongamentos
alongamentosalongamentos
alongamentos
 
Turi Z 201304
Turi Z 201304Turi Z 201304
Turi Z 201304
 
ESWC 2009 Lightning Talks
ESWC 2009 Lightning TalksESWC 2009 Lightning Talks
ESWC 2009 Lightning Talks
 
Zharfan comments
Zharfan commentsZharfan comments
Zharfan comments
 
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
 
Ph 35
Ph 35Ph 35
Ph 35
 
Server not ready
Server not readyServer not ready
Server not ready
 
RACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_def
RACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_defRACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_def
RACC -Comparativa Bicis Publicas full_v120625_def
 
Sani 2013 satisfaction.
Sani 2013   satisfaction.Sani 2013   satisfaction.
Sani 2013 satisfaction.
 
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDFguia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
 
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDFguia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
guia para la remineralizacion de aguas desaladas.PDF
 
Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...
Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...
Report of the Export Group on the methodology for the people below the povert...
 

More from Zaw Aung

Heart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcs
Heart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcsHeart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcs
Heart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcsZaw Aung
 
Islam.expending.2014.rev3
Islam.expending.2014.rev3Islam.expending.2014.rev3
Islam.expending.2014.rev3Zaw Aung
 
Tithe.secular.and.god.principle
Tithe.secular.and.god.principleTithe.secular.and.god.principle
Tithe.secular.and.god.principleZaw Aung
 
David lah.2014., sermon articles
David lah.2014., sermon articlesDavid lah.2014., sermon articles
David lah.2014., sermon articlesZaw Aung
 
Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018
Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018
Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018Zaw Aung
 
Clean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plants
Clean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plantsClean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plants
Clean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plantsZaw Aung
 
Coal.power.hlaingoo
Coal.power.hlaingooCoal.power.hlaingoo
Coal.power.hlaingooZaw Aung
 
Electricity.2018.and.ppp
Electricity.2018.and.pppElectricity.2018.and.ppp
Electricity.2018.and.pppZaw Aung
 
M zaw aung business post collection from facebook update
M zaw aung business post collection from facebook updateM zaw aung business post collection from facebook update
M zaw aung business post collection from facebook updateZaw Aung
 
Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018
Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018
Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018Zaw Aung
 
Isreal.certificate.by.thein.thein
Isreal.certificate.by.thein.theinIsreal.certificate.by.thein.thein
Isreal.certificate.by.thein.theinZaw Aung
 
Electricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pages
Electricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pagesElectricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pages
Electricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pagesZaw Aung
 
Tour.oversea.burmese
Tour.oversea.burmeseTour.oversea.burmese
Tour.oversea.burmeseZaw Aung
 
Than shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.oo
Than shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.ooThan shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.oo
Than shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.ooZaw Aung
 
Chinese100.burmese5
Chinese100.burmese5Chinese100.burmese5
Chinese100.burmese5Zaw Aung
 
Electricity.myanmar.2016.by.government
Electricity.myanmar.2016.by.governmentElectricity.myanmar.2016.by.government
Electricity.myanmar.2016.by.governmentZaw Aung
 
Peter drucker-kw
Peter drucker-kwPeter drucker-kw
Peter drucker-kwZaw Aung
 
Utmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung Khin
Utmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung KhinUtmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung Khin
Utmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung KhinZaw Aung
 
Global myanmar youth conference 2017
Global myanmar youth conference 2017Global myanmar youth conference 2017
Global myanmar youth conference 2017Zaw Aung
 
ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...
ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...
ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...Zaw Aung
 

More from Zaw Aung (20)

Heart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcs
Heart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcsHeart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcs
Heart.sayaboat.jan2011.jbcs
 
Islam.expending.2014.rev3
Islam.expending.2014.rev3Islam.expending.2014.rev3
Islam.expending.2014.rev3
 
Tithe.secular.and.god.principle
Tithe.secular.and.god.principleTithe.secular.and.god.principle
Tithe.secular.and.god.principle
 
David lah.2014., sermon articles
David lah.2014., sermon articlesDavid lah.2014., sermon articles
David lah.2014., sermon articles
 
Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018
Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018
Clean coal technologies in japan.and.myanmar.electricity.2018
 
Clean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plants
Clean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plantsClean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plants
Clean Coal Technology & Haing oo.coal.fire.power.plants
 
Coal.power.hlaingoo
Coal.power.hlaingooCoal.power.hlaingoo
Coal.power.hlaingoo
 
Electricity.2018.and.ppp
Electricity.2018.and.pppElectricity.2018.and.ppp
Electricity.2018.and.ppp
 
M zaw aung business post collection from facebook update
M zaw aung business post collection from facebook updateM zaw aung business post collection from facebook update
M zaw aung business post collection from facebook update
 
Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018
Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018
Yangon.new.city.and.hdb.2018
 
Isreal.certificate.by.thein.thein
Isreal.certificate.by.thein.theinIsreal.certificate.by.thein.thein
Isreal.certificate.by.thein.thein
 
Electricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pages
Electricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pagesElectricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pages
Electricity.myanmar.rev5.oct2017.total 105pages
 
Tour.oversea.burmese
Tour.oversea.burmeseTour.oversea.burmese
Tour.oversea.burmese
 
Than shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.oo
Than shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.ooThan shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.oo
Than shwe.book.by.thaung.wai.oo
 
Chinese100.burmese5
Chinese100.burmese5Chinese100.burmese5
Chinese100.burmese5
 
Electricity.myanmar.2016.by.government
Electricity.myanmar.2016.by.governmentElectricity.myanmar.2016.by.government
Electricity.myanmar.2016.by.government
 
Peter drucker-kw
Peter drucker-kwPeter drucker-kw
Peter drucker-kw
 
Utmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung Khin
Utmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung KhinUtmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung Khin
Utmw ဦးတင္ေမာင္၀င္း၊ by U Aung Khin
 
Global myanmar youth conference 2017
Global myanmar youth conference 2017Global myanmar youth conference 2017
Global myanmar youth conference 2017
 
ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...
ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...
ွSEZ ္for Myanmar to learn, VSIP.industrial.park.by.singapore.government.semb...
 

Recently uploaded

UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 

Recently uploaded (20)

UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 

Power generation-oil-gas-industies

  • 1. ေရနံ၊ဓါတ္ေငြ႔စြမ္းအား မာတိကာ Pages Electric Generation 1 – 8 Gas Turbine 9 – 28 Steam Turbine 29 – 39 Boiler 40 – 51 Pressurized Water Reactor 52 – 62 Singapore Power 63 – 56 Petronas (Malaysia) 67 – 86 Total (S.A) Franch 86 – 93 Singapore JTC Development 94 – 108 ခ်မ္းသာေသာႏိုင္ငံမ်ားစာရင္း ႏွင့္ ျမန္မာ 109 – 112 ျမန္မာျပည္ရင္းႏွီးျမဳတ္ႏွံမႈ၊ တရုပ္အမ်ားဆံုး 113 - 114 ေျပာစရာနည္းနည္း ရိွလို႔ပါ 115 - 119 Presented by ေဇာ္ေအာင္ (မံုရြာ) ေအးျငိမ္း (ေလးမ်က္နာ)
  • 2. !"#$ !"%$ & ' ( ) & * & & +!, & & & & & & & & & - .- #$$" +#, //// ! ) # ( # ! & # # # % # 0 1 % / 0 & 2 / Page 1 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  • 3. )))) / & & 3 & & & !""! +0, (((( * - 4 * & & 3 5 4 * 6 - 7 " 4 - #$$68 +%, Page 2 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  • 4. & - 9 : (); < & & = > 3 & ( & & & & & - / !""0 > & "$ &&&& < & & ( ? & 1 & & & - * ---- > & &* 5 & = & & & & & / & & & & & & @ : ; / 8 ## 2 : & Page 3 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  • 5. & 6$A & &* ' * & : & & B & 1 & * > & & & & > ( & - & - & & & ; & ) ; & ' & & & - B - - < & 1 . Page 4 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  • 6. . & < & 4 > @ > & ? %$A & 1 0$A & 4 +6, . & & & & = & 0$A & : C / 5 C 1111 9 & - > & & = 9 & = 9 3 ' > >& (); & 4 < > @ 5 .-< 1 B +2, > & ? Page 5 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  • 7. & 1 & & & / D& D +7, & 3 & & & 4 3 & //// ( * & &&&& ( * . - & & #$$2 #2A & / C //// ( *: & / ( 8 . - 0$ & & & > .- & 4 +", ---- #$$2 Page 6 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  • 8. & ; & - ; & E: = ; & : =; @ & & & : - : < & ; - @ ( B 9 9 ! FFFF G = E * ( G *HH H& H& H H& H @ ) ; 8 # $7 & Page 7 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  •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age 8 of 8Electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation
  • 10. ! " # $ % % & '' % ( # % ! )*+ $$$$ , - . & / & / , % % ! / . / / / 0 / 0 , $ / + & / 1 2 Page 1 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 11. ---- ,+34- (# " 5 - ( ' ,+334& 6$ ) 6 7 8 - ,++,4& 9 : % ;,< ,1.=4) % % % > / ? @ ! / * A 0 # + % + , B 2 8 $ > > " + , , $ $ + , . 2 $ + , / > + , 0 A + . & + / & + 0 C % + + A 1 % ? % % ? , % ? . : % * @ = 2 ,3 ,, # Page 2 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 12. ,1?*4 8 ! ,?=,4 % ) > # - % & ,*?.4 : '@ ' % ,*=04@ $ B % & % & ,*=+4& 0 ,33 B $ B @ ,=3/4 C D # % E ,, % " - @ ,=,/4C & & > ,=,04 $ $ ,=,*4F # % ,=.34& % " : ,=/34@ ! - % % % D # & ,=/? ,=/042GB B ,=/14- % F A - % @ % # &&&& > Page 3 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 13. % 4 , 4 % % % . 4 % % % / 4 % % & $ A % 2 $ " A @ % % 4 H H H % %" - % 9 A ! " % " % % " & > Page 4 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 14. ' ) ,3333 ,33333 & ! & % & % &&&& % %% %% %% % !!!! ! ' ) ! " ! 9 % % % 9 & & #7A.+33 7A1333 % 9 : ! : Page 5 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 15. ;.<;/< % % 7 @ 2 & % ;0< A ! ;+< & @ ;+< 7 % % @% A ! @ ;1< BE & % " ! % % % ' & 5 13I5 % % % ;?< & 4 % #- & 0*3 13I Page 6 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 16. @ 9 ; < & % ; < & % > % ' % % ,33 /33 % /+J03I ; < & % 03I 6$ % ; < % +* 6 ;*< $$$$ A 4$ F % % % % % 9 &&&& & % 9 " Page 7 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 17. & 6 6 6C,6" 6B & 6 6C.6" & 2222 A 42 ,=1/ ) A % K 8L C 8 % F % 9 @ !@ !@ !@ ! ! A ) K @ ( A & :/H1? ;=< & .. ; < AAAA 4 & A & $ & $ " & - B @ " AAAA & % & @ ! % : 2B Page 8 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 18. ' B % # ' & A % % % ! % % ' A % % % ! % ;,3< - % 9 9 A % % % % % & #*+ A 2 # & .+ /+I *3I % A& ' ! ,==3 B - # ( Page 9 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 19. ! B % A % % + 1I B # 7 % ,.3,+3 H A &( ' % +33?33 H ,.33,+33 H ;,,< #### A % % # % ' " % & % ! @% % >F&#C E@ ' 1 + A ' >&F7 % 9 C % .33= ' .+3 >&F7 , *33M$ / /33M " > % ' %%%% % % ! % Page 10 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 20. & % % - % % % 2BA % % % % & % % % & % % % 9 N % B 2B 2B 2B 2 8 $ > > "8 $ > > "8 $ > > "8 $ > > " % $ ;,.< ;,/< A & % % $ $$ $$ $$ $ ,=+3 2 > $ # A > 2 % % & )#&, & ,=+32 % )#&, & ,=1? @&BF & @ A @ - A B O ,=1* - &P % % % Page 11 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 21. : ,03 H *? " +3333 & % 7 @ A $ % ,=+3 ,=*3 $ $ & $ ,=1/ ;,0< & 9 $ & A % ,=+/ ,=+1 ,=+= A & % $ ,=?+ @ *33 & - ,=?= &8 ,=*+ C % & &.0 ,=?? % & > ! & ,=13 % % ,=*= > % > ;,+< % ,+ ,==3 8 % 8 % #% $ $ ;,1< ,==/ A % 5 #8, 03 % & 7 .331 A # ) ! ) 7 2 $2 $2 $2 $ 2 % >2A F ! 2 % >2A ,=1/ .0 - 7 A % - Page 12 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 22. 2 % ,3? * ,?/ H" ,0. ..= H" 2 - ! - $ A K # % ,=1* - &P % # % ,=1* .0 - 7 A & $ % ;,?< ,=1?( % @&BF & @ % % B ) +33N @&BB O ! ,=?, 7 $ $ 7 +1> , B O $ ! >>>> & % $ A % -#8, 8@ $ & ,=== # @# 2 $ : 7 $ C Q E @ " 8@ 9 9 8@ .33/ & : + 1 % /3 % % > CR$ AAAA & A&& & @EB#2>K# .333 R.K@ A&&" 2 2 .+3 .*/ /*3 " @ /1+ H ..? " 2 % E@S,*+ 333 &&&& Page 13 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 23. A 4 % @% % % > () & &&&& & % ,=+0 BE.=?= % $ B O$ > $ 9 ;,*< @ % BE @% H2 & *3 E@ A, & 9 % 9 % @ % A, % ( % & *3 2 & *3 % & =3 & ?." E % & *3E: & *0 % & % % % B 7 C %C %C %C % % % % ( 9 & % % 2 C %(A > A >.33= Page 14 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 24. A >+3=" % ,=0? A 8 % 6> 6 9 .H/ ! B > > B > B ,=+/ ;,=< & 2 C %(& *, & " -A@ " ,=1, & C % KT ,=1, . & >>$ & @ C % 1 @ ,=11 ,=1? / > @ B ,.*. % 0/33 & ! ,. C T % .33+ ;.3< & C % & % & K ! ,=1* & 9 .. 333 2 2 F &A>/ U U & % C %N % /+ /? / & & .33. K ! & & % @ B $ & ! % % $ 9 ,=?. & . 0 . ,. / @ @ ?+3 & E@ E@ $ (- - # $ E@$ $- " ,=1? @ % E@ C %(B @ > & E@@A C %( & % & A >.33= Page 15 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 25. AAAA & % % & % 6 6 @ B " ,=0= & E @ A $ 7 % ,=+1 6) @ 6 # 1133@-B-: % =?33 ?333 & % # -: % & 6) @ 6 ,=?. B B > ,=?3 ,=*. @ $ 7 % C .1 333 & B O & 0 & 6# 6 6# 6 6 6 6 6 & % E @ # FB#$ % @ " & % % 9 ,=*. > 9 & &@ ! ,=?? B O & 0$, :7 ++ A /, - % ! ! % Page 16 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 26. @ 7 (-@@ -@@,+33 @ # @ 8 @ : % % $F #7A.+33 # 7A,133 1* A & -@@=33 @ $ >>J@& 7 &/+ /0 333 & @ : % % .33? % ) .333 A $ @ & & 2A@V A . $ : & ;.,< %%%% % % %N % % $ $: % F % CF ,==3 & % H F % % % %%%% %%%% ;..< %%%% 8 N @ A % % % Page 17 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 27. 7 - 7 : %: %: %: % $ 7 @@@@ > : # 2 % % 2222 , WWWW - R 6& 9 : @ & 6 4HH HC HC I.3, " - @ & 4HH HC HC I.3, 2 % .33* 3/ .= . WWWW 68 BE 6 4HH % 33 H%>& X Y% O% Y+ V2 >#/ @3" % " 4HH % 33 H%>& X Y% O% Y+ V2 >#/ @3 / WWWW 6> @ B 6 4HH H X Y$ O Y O Y,/1" A B 4HH H" ,=== 4HH H X Y$ O Y O Y,/1 0 WWWW 6EK&8 6 4HH 0 H H H@H .33/H H!Z H" @ $ 6 6) 2 6 6 .33/ 4HH 0 H H H@H .33/H H!Z H $ # )?= ! & % Page 18 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  •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age 19 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 29. # .33, + @>C3,/ 3,+*0? P 2 A 6 6 K $ : $ 6& V F & # 6 @ #& B C .331 3, /3++ % 4 4HH H H H.331 3, /3++ 6A ) # 6 & K @>C3=+,3+*= = , & B # & @ # 6 ) 7K & A& B ,==. @>C3.1.,,,1.0 #### 4HH ' HH@ H& H# H: % H Z$ Z# H Z& F : B ! ;,< 4HH ! H" & @ $% ) # 4HH ' H H % Z Z %Z!Z% Z.331 " A& & 7 4HH H H H " A& A 4HH ' H H H =?H H H $ : # 2 A 4HH %H H9 H H " 6 6 4HH % H " % 6 4HH H[ ,3.H) " 2 % 6 4HH H H Z 6 $ 4 A C % & ,= .3,3 ,,43, & % $ % $ @ 7 N @ & E ] ' Page 20 of 20Gas turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • 30. ! " # $ % & '(()" *'+ # $ , ,$ " - . (/0 $ " $ " $ %%%% ' 1 2 2"' 3 % 2"2 % 4 & 5 6 4"' Page 1 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 31. 1111 $ ' 1 3 " *2+*4+*)+ 7 '88' 9 ,6 5 3 $ " $ # : - ';2< = 3 ';)( " *8+ $ '(() 3 % & $ $ >"8 " *;+ & ? $ $ $ $ " *>+ 1 $ , : " 4"'"' # 4"'"2 4"2 5 7 4"4 ) 6 8 7 ; @ > ( < '/3 2///A % '</8" & & 5 & Page 2 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 32. & ? , " & B $ $ ! >"8 8//// " & ? $ , '//// *(+ , %" " & % , $ " *;+ $ $ " @ : @ " 1 , " # $ " - $ ,% $ C" " # % 7 % $ '<// B $ = - $ D% " #$ = - $ ? $ E $ " @ & B FGG$$$" , B " " " G " " ! ' /">8 9 2 ////// ' 8///// " " 3 %3 %3 %3 % " E $ " " $ $ Page 3 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 33. " % $ " 9 </0 $ $ " $ " # $ $ " " 3 " # $ " 3 $ $ " # $ $ " %%%% " $ " $ $ " $ $ " " &&&& 5 65 65 65 6 $ 9 " E H I $ $ 2/0,</0 " H I " 5 Page 4 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 34. " $ $ ! " ! $ " ! $ $ " 7 F " $ " #### !! $ B " B $ B " $ " $ !! " 6 !! !! $ " $ !! " J J J J" # !! " !! " $ Page 5 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 35. " # B " " $ $ $ $ " 5555 7777 $ $ $ $ " $ $ " $ $ $ '/ '8 &7 $ $ " & $ $ 9 " $ " # $ $ " #$ " $ $ " $ 9 " $ $ $ 9 " *<+ C $ !! $ " # Page 6 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 36. " 9 9 " 6 ! $ $ $ " '//0 '/80" 9 $ $ " E " B $ $ " : 9 $ $ 9 $ " *'/+ 6666 3 $ (/0 $ ? " 7 $ $ $ $ % & " $ $ " # *''+ " $ " 9 $ 4/// G 8/1! 4;// G ;/1! " # $ $ $ , " *'2+ 7777 K ! $ $ $ " $ &7 $ '// &7" Page 7 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 37. " $ 9 ! $ 9 $ " 1 $ F 8/0 8/0 " *'4+ *')+ *'8+ *';+ E , $ $ $ , $ , $ " E $ $ $ $ " # E ?L )/ . ? " @@@@ 7 F " $ " 1 $ $ $ , $ " *'>+ $ '</( 5 7 7 : % 7 " : E A '<2) '( //' $ $ '<2<" - , , $ Page 8 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  •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age 9 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 39. % A"%" '<<( " 3 # & " " '<>> : " " " 1" '(>( " 1 : $ 3 " 6" % "" 3333 F - # B 5 & % & 7 FGG$$$" " G G2>;(> 1 3" % FJ J FGG$$$" " G G , , G , , , , , G , " $& 6 , % % - 1 FGG$$$" $ " G $ G G , , , , ,'" 3 , C L @ FGG$$$" " " " G7C 3C7G@5%5@5%5G " # 48/7 $ - FGG$$$" " G G O " " J FGG "$ " G$ G O J % F S S3 $ '< 2/'/ /8F//" % % , @ K " C " T # " , ! " Page 10 of 10Steam turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Turbine
  • 40. !"#!$# %%%% &&&& ' ( ) '* + ) ,,,, " % " " & " $ " - , " . + $ + - + - " / . / 0 0 " 0 $ + 0 - , 0 . % 1 , 2 + 3 4 5 "6 7 Page 1 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 41. ' ) + ' +&7 , ) 8 9 / ' ) : ' ) ; < < , & '*=) 8 > > 9 $6 8 8 , < < 7 > > ? / '/4+@) A ,,,, B > Page 2 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 42. C <( < </ <C < < > "3 / > 7 > / ' ) A > ' > ): '-> ) 9 > > > 8 > 9 C : D > > > + C Page 3 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 43. > / + 9 < < ++++ + C / A , > A 7 !.# 9 B > / E "5"5 / + 9 , !0# ++++ & C + & ' ) + !-# Page 4 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 44. 8 < < D ' ) C < < + 8 D + ' ) " -66F" 166 G, '$ -2$F$ 5"$ G ) + ' ) ' ) + D 9 C < < !1# D ++++ Page 5 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 45. + ' ) 8 < < 9 < < ' - $66 D$$ 61 &( $$6 1 ) > < < 9 H < < < < //// , 9 "5$$ & + I 7 "66 '"6 666 (:" .06 ) % 8 / & 9 "5$5 "5$2 @ "5-6 .6 "36 '. 666 "3 666 (:036 $ 1"" ) > Page 6 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 46. > C > , > 7 > > , J , $66" //// / 7 ' ) > ? D ' ) > < < & / ? C > ' ) Page 7 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 47. 8 > > ', > 8 + ) ' ) > + > ++++ CCCC 9 CCCC CCCC , C, C, C, C 8 9 + > CCCC / H H > D, / 4 + CD, / 4 + CD, / 4 + CD, / 4 + C ? Page 8 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 48. / C/ C/ C/ C < < K ++++ K ' ) EEEE >>>> CCCC 9 ' ) 9 < > < ' ) + C+ C+ C+ C 9 > ,,,, CCCC 9 C > A C ' ) 9 9 BBBB C 8 H , A, A, A, A C / ++++ &&&& C + C & D,& D,& D,& D, C 9 ,,,, C @@@@ C Page 9 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 49. ,,,, C %%%% (((( C C C 9999 C ???? C 4444 C ,,,, & 8 A 8 C 9 C < < A A '9B ) C B ' B ) : B 8 Page 10 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 50. C A ++++ ' ) B 7 ' ) 7 ' ) @ / / > / / E / ( ( ( > 4 4 + ' ) 4444 Page 11 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 51. " LLLL & + '$66") E ( '. 7 ) ( 9+?6>3$15>.."2>0 $ LLLL & + / M B 4 '$66-) / ( '- 7 ) ( 9+?6>3$15>.-66>. - LLLL < + < ' CDD D) , * + "" $663 CDD D4 $663>"6>6- . LLLL M C E / + 9 9 , ( / + 9 9 , "5"" 9 C C $3 '"5"6>"") % / * B B "" $662 @ E C CDD D N O> EJ+ J MK O( "K O P P K O6P6Q((" &" F E ( , "565 > > 0 LLLL CDD D D$66"D 'E ) 1 LLLL & '"50$) E .1 ; , E E + & 7 C +&7 ( ; , + 9 * - 7777 @ ' CDD D ) + 7 C ' CDD D D > > D > > D > > ) + 7 C + ' CDD D D > > D > > D > ) 4 < CDD D D < , C R, R( R/ Page 12 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 52. "3 $6"6 "1C06 , , >+ E : + * S 9 > Page 13 of 13Boiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
  • 53. ! " # " # $ " % " & $ ' % ' " ( ## " ))* + " , - $ " ---- . / 0 1 2 2". - 2"0 3 2"2 2"4 - 4 % $ Page 1 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 54. //// '$ " # 5' 6 , " + ! % " 7.8 9 ' % ' % / (" $ $ : $ ": 708 9 5'% , .;<4 .;=4 '+. 5 ' " 728 9 3 # , ( ' 93#+. 93#+0" 748 9 93#+0 .;=; 5 ' " 7<8 1111 , $ < 1 $ > ' >". , ? = , @ ; *? ' 0AA4 Page 2 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 55. " 9 ? $ " 9 ? $" ' + ? " 7 8 # $ " % + ? " 9 $ B $ ? ? " ! " 7>8 9 " # " 1 ? + " 1 " 7 8 9 C " # ? " " Page 3 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 56. D " % ? " " B " 9 .<E .> .<AE.>A ! " % " ! " 7=8 ---- " # 0=< F- <2AF 2.< F- >AAF " 9 B .<< .<"< 3 .<2 0 0<A " # >4= G 2=4 F- =A< F 00"A>4 3 20AA '#% 0.@ 7@8 " $ " 9 $ .<< 24< F- $ $$$$ Page 4 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 57. 2AF-" 9 B $ $ $ " $ " 7;8 9 $ ? $ " 9 > 3 " 7.A8 % $ H >"0 3 >A ;AA 0=< F- <2AF H " 9 $ " 3333 3 C $ B " # " 9 : : " 9 ? I ? $ " 9 $ " 9 $ $ $ " Page 5 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 58. # !3G - $ $ " 9 !3G " # $ " $ " 9 $ $ " 9 $ $ !3G - $ $ " 9 !3G $ - " 7..8 / $ $ $ -%,15 $ $ $ !3G - I !3G " $ D $ $" % $ $ & " ! $ $ $ $ " 6 ? $ " % D 02< 5 02; $ $ $ + $ " Page 6 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 59. 3 C, % ? 56 0 + ? " 9 + J " J " 7.08 9 " % 0AA 2AA $ .<AE0<A @AE.AA " ( .4 K .4 .= K .=" % ;AA . <AA3 " 4 " 7.28 .@E04 " % ? " 7.48 ---- # $ $ " ' C, $ " ! " # $ $ " 9 " 9 " 9 " 9 D " $ .AAL $ $ $ " ! 9 ,''$ " 1 ! ?- " Page 7 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 60. $ " % $ $ B $ + " 9 $ $ C 9 " 9 " 9 " 9 C 9 $ " 9 " " # ! $ " %$%$%$%$ $ I " $ " 1 $1 $1 $1 $ 9 B " 9 B $ $ " 9 B Page 8 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 61. " 7.<8 9 $ ? " *$ 7 8 $ $ " 9 " " 9 $ H $ M.4 " 9 $ $ I $ " 9 $ ? " 6 $ $ " 7.>87.=8 , A"=L +02< " 9 " # $ $ B ? $" ! " % $ $ $ " 7.@8 '''' Page 9 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  •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age 10 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 63. + + + + + " " $ 0AA;+A;+.A" .@" NNNN 1 Q/ .;=> " @> 1 R R"I/ R" .;=> " , % " " #'!, A4=.002>2@" ( ' I' % ? .;;4 " , * " - / " #'!,A4.0;@<0.=" 3 1 $ .;;A" % " , * # ' " " ;0E;4" #'!,A4A@A>.;@=" 9 "'" .;@@ " 1 # $ " / " #'!,A@;..>4.>0" *?*?*?*? CDD " " " DM D 4>AD " % ' 5 $ &' * " , ' * CDD " " D6 D, +* D 3#96 - " 1 $ CDD " " $D + D + D 5 ' , - " $ : CDD " " D D P P : - C S 9 0A 0A.A A<CA<" 9? $ - $ - % +' % I " ' 9 5 " T # " + " Page 11 of 11Pressurized water reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor
  • 64. ᣂടပƫḮ ᦭ ඒ ౏ ม ! " " " # $ # % &''( ) " " )! *" " " + , # &''( - . &//0 # - 1 " 2 , 3, 4&5 " " 6&7#' 6&8 ! " 9 *" , # 4:5 9 1 "9 1 "9 1 "9 1 " ," ; # & 9 1 " : 9 1 1 " 7 % < ( ; = >? Page 1 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
  • 65. )))) @ - " # $ " " # $ " " # "A"A"A"A @ $ B @ " B (&0 "A # "A 2 " " " @ " " " C " # "A D " " " C " " > E , 8 " ://'# @ % ://7 " # $ - B " A " 1 " " " " ? " 6=#( 7& 9 /=! )))) @ % ://7 " " " # $ ) $%'//& :/// # $ ? " 1 " # @ " " # $ 9 " B " " " " " " # $ " " " " # Page 2 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
  • 66. 9 1 1 "9 1 1 "9 1 1 "9 1 1 " """" @ 1 @ " " F" &''( " # DDDD @ 1 @ " " D :/// D 1 9 " A D # D " " " " " @ " # %%%% $$$$ @@@@ ---- @ G " E " - B E # > $> $> $> $ @ G - :(0 > $ " " - # ," ;;;; &# HHHH I " 2 + 6= , I JJ # # J J K K" J J:=87=(J&J# !# A # 7/9 ://8# JJ # # J J K K" J J:=87=(J&J# # :# HHHH I " 6&8 " " " I# - - # 7/9 ://8# >?>?>?>? Page 3 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
  • 67. % JJ # # # J ?# ! "A JJ # @ " # # "J! % JJ # # J://<J/<J7/# ! ; I JJ # # J J K I L- . L &''( L ) @ - :( D ://' /< /'# -? " " @ B # - + # M " $ # @ N # Page 4 of 4Singapore Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Power
  • 68. ! " #"$% & ' ( ( & ( ( % ' & )**+ % #) ,**- -* ,**#% . - & & ! % , / $ 0 & & / % ! ,**) ' */ & # )" % 1 ' ( ( ( & ( % 1 1 2 ( 2 ) 3 4567% 1 ' ( 8 9 :51;4 !0<:51;4 !0<:51;4 !0<:51;4 !0< 1111 ' ( " ! #"$ = >= >= >= > 1 1 ? @ ???? 7 +0 !A !&& ' 654 .... 4 ' 4 0 ( ;(;(;(;( ᦕ""%*& B07:,**#< ᦟ )%*& B07:,**#< 1111 ᦕ *%# & B07:,**#< 1 >1 >1 >1 > ᦕC#%- & B07:,**-< 5555 /# ,/C &&&& % % % : 3DD % % % D< Page 1 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 69. & 9 9 > 9 9 > 9 9 9 ( 9 ( % 1 1 1 +$, 7 ! / ##- 6 +,$ ! ( % ==== 8 % . ; 7 0 & 8 0 # % . # * 0 % 1 & ' 4 @ % 0 6666 = % 0 3 #"* %, 7 ( 3 #"* #-* %/ 3 #-* %$ 58 & 3 ##* & %) 4 ( ( %C 0 , 0& ,% 7 ,%, ' ,%/ .06 ,%$ 4 & / $ 5 ) ; C 58 C% 4 & C%, 0 Page 2 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 70. #C/ ( ( 8 & & & 0 0& & & % 1 ; 7 0 & + #C-% ( 5 6 4 & 8 1 % #"$ ( 5 % . ( 1 & 0 0& % #"$ + & - ***& :, #** / D<% 0000 3 #"*3 #"*3 #"*3 #"* 0( ( #"* ( ( E & #" % 1 & F #*G 4 A 58 6 :4 56< ( F ( % #-) F & ( ( ,*G % . ( F ( ; 7 D0 5 > ( ( A% & . #C# & & + ( & ( & 4 A 5 6 7 ( :4567< ( & . :. < % 0 ( & ( ( . 3 H1 #"/I "$ ( ( + % Page 3 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 71. ! & ( 8 ( 8 % 1 & & & 0 0 8 ( % & > % ! & & % 0 #" & & : < ! & #)" #C# #" 5 ( J ( ( 0& 0 J ( 6 . % 1 ( & & & ( + & % 1 ( 8 ( % 1 ( F & ( + % ! ( & ( ( F ( & & F 8 8 % & ! #"$ 7 ( ! 4 & #"$% . . #" & #)-% ! #" + & ( ( ( & & & ( > ( & A & % = ( ( ( Page 4 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 72. % 0 ( ( 3 9 ( 9 ( F ( J & J 2 2 % + ( ; 7 D0 5 ( & ( F ( ( % 1 #"C% ! & ( ( "*G /*G % 5 & #"- 8 % #"C & ! 0 5 ! :!05! < & !05! F F % 1 & ! A :! < & 0 8 ( % ! #"C & 8 & 8 ( & F 4 56% 1 & & 8& + % ( + ( #"- ( & 8 6 % .& % ( ( ( ( % 7 (7 (7 (7 ( 3 #"*3 #"*3 #"*3 #"* #-*#-*#-*#-* 1 ( ( + % . #"$ ( > :@ '< & . 0 6 : .06< C G% 1 @ ' 8 ( 8 + J & Page 5 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 73. % 0 K ; 7 D0 & & @ ' 0 L ! 7 ( & & > % & #"" ( & ( J 7 ( ! J + C*G > @ '% 1 0 ( )G /)G ( > & 0 K & 6 % @ ' 0 & #-/% ! #"" #-, 1 5 1 ' ( @ ' ,**/% @ ' L ##* 0 & ' L ,* ##/% #-, 6 8 0 MM 5 !> 5 & ( ( % 1 ( & ( + ; 7 0 5 8 ( % 1 & & ,%-$ & & :$%),5N- / < & #-* & % #-* ,$G 8 ( 8 8 ,)G % 1 8 & + 8 #- & % 4 & #-* ( & 8 #-$ #-* ( % = ( & & 8 % 1 #-* 4 56 ( & ( & O & % .& & & 8 F ( & F % . #-, I ( -*G "*G 8 Page 6 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 74. % & #-/% . ? ; 7 D0 + 7 5 + 0 % 1 F ( & & 7 ( ( % ##* ,), ( & & ,* & )* % 0 & % ! ; 7 D0 5 + 8 ( % . #-) ( ( ( /*G )*G /)G C*G & ( & + % ! #-C + 8 & ( ( 8 & CG & & #-# ,, / % = ( ( J 8 /) ( & & 0 J ,)G ( 8 % 1 ( ( ( 8 ( 8 ( % 1 ( ( + ( 8 % . #-* --G + & ( 0 & F (% ( "G #G ,G C,G & + & % 1 ( & J @ 'J Page 7 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 75. +& @ ' ' B A F : F ' 0 F < ( % . #-) F 0 0& ( ( 8 0 & 9 ? + 9 & 1 & & ( 8 % + ( & & & % E;/%) & ( ( & & 6 = ? #-) & + % . ## & & . % ( % L & & . > + ( ? . > & B % + C*) *** C)****& :*/ *** / D< ##* % 1 ( + ( ( ,%#$ & & :$C" ****** / < F /)****& :)C *** / D< ,*** ( % 1 8 & & & 0 ! F ##* ( ! 5 % 1 ( 8 % 3 #-*3 #-*3 #-*3 #-* 8 & ( % 1 0 #-- ( & 5 F 8 Page 8 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 76. ( & ( % A & & F & 8 & & & ( ( % . ##* ( 8 0& 0 & ( > % ! ( & % @ #-# ( K : < ( 6 F ( 8 % . ##* 6 4( 0 )G + & 8 & . 4 58 6% @ % & L . 4 7 ( 6% @ % 4 ' 5 % 1 & + 8 % . ##* ( 1 ( ( " /** > ' 1 & F ( F 8 F & ! 1 B%0% 1 4 % . 4 & ##* ! 1 & F 1 & 8 ' B A F % 1 F & F % 6 F #-# L A % 1 ## "/* & 0 1 9 ( J 7 ' J 9 8 + & : 1 5< & F ( . 6% L 4 % 1 F ##"% ! ( ##* + 8 .06 + & > 8 @ ' ##$ 0 & ' % Page 9 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 77. ( + + ##$ *****& :C *** / D< % 1 & F ( 0 ? 6 6 1 6 8 B 0 & : < ( $)G > ( F % + & & 0 % ( ( % B ( J& J ( & 8 ( + ( ( ,G CG #-* ,/G & /,G #- % #-- & ,#G /CG% F & 3 & & % 58585858 & 3 ##* && 3 ##* && 3 ##* && 3 ##* & 7 ##* 8 ( + ( % ! ( ; & K ##$% 1 ( 7 = K & 6 & % . ##) & & > :@'<% . + ? & % J & 7 ' & ? @ 0 Page 10 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 78. 58 % . ##C & F ( ! 0 % . 6 4 4 6 6 ( 4( @ % & 8 & *,D/ @ 6 % ! ##" ##- > & & ( % > 1 1 ( % 7 ##" ( % 1 & ? ? % . @' F ( 6 > ,#%/G . 0 6 : .06<% . ##- + & .06 + .06 C,G% 1 5* + % 1 ( :06< ##- ### & 0 . % 8 % 1 8 & 6 6 . 4 7 ( F % ,**, ( 06 8 & ' & 6 5 E . K % 1 & & ? ' & % ,**/ ! + @ ' @ '1 % ( ,**/ ! 2 @ ' 8 ( 8 ( A & & + %+2 . & ( ( & & % 1 A ( ( ( (( % 1 1 1 Page 11 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 79. 1 ( 8 ( > 5 @ O$ - ,**"% C 1 ( ( ( ,**- " . ,**$ +7 7 & ; ,) + ,)G ( ( ( ( % ( ( ( % 0 #"$ ( ( ; $*/%/ & ; C"%C & ,**-% 1 $$G ,**- ( ( % - 8 F $*G ( ,**- ( F . 0 6 % 1 P ( C%,$ & & > ( ,**-% # 4444 ( (( (( (( ( 4 L $ ,**# ( 1 7 ( ; ,)/%C & ( 8 1 !& ! % = & ( 8 8 ( #"C % & & ( ; /** #"C ; , & #- % 1 #- ,**/ ; C-%- & ,, 7 + + % * 4 @ ? 0 ( & ( & % @ ( & #"C & 2 & F Q% = ; , & & + A P ? :? < ##- ? & & ; /%"- & & ##- ( ( ; "% = 7 R & Q Page 12 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 80. ; ,%) & ; & & #-C #-# !0 F 1 1 F % @ ; )%, & 1 ( ,*** ,**# R F & ( 1 ( !0% 0000 1 0 7 ( ? 0& 1 & C,%) 8 7 ( ! #"$% , 1 !0 ( ? ( % / 1 ( F ( 1 ? P ; ,* % B 4( 1 ; A = A ( P ( 0 8 % $ 1 ; A 7 ( ! ? ( & % = ( ( % ) C 0&0&0&0& ** & $*L K )*G % ! & " / & 3 7777 .( ( & ( % 1 ( -** L ,**" - -"* L ,**- # Page 13 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 81. 1 &( & ( & ( % 7 ? 6 7 7 ? 1 & 6. % '''' .( ( ( ( % 4 ' , ))* ? 1 L 0 ? % .06.06.06.06 3 .06 .( ( ( ( % 6 @ ' ( 4444 &&&& 0 & 3 6 0 = & 8 6 4( 0 = & 8 & ; 0 6 ( Page 14 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 82. .1640 . 1 A ? 6 A 4 ! 0 9 0 ( 0 9 1 6 % 0 9 ! 0%!%9 ! @ %9 1 6% @ %9 . %9 6 & 6% @ %9 1 0 ( 0 9 0 ! @ %9 . = 6 @ %9 6 6 @ %9 . 6 % @ %9 1 6% @ %9 1 6 % @ %9 : < %K% : 3DD % % D< . 0 & 4 & % . $*G 0 & 5 & A & 0 & & & & ' % ' 8 6 ' 8% 8 ( 0 & 1 % > 0 & 5 % 6 & 8 % . ( % 0 5;1: 54 ; 1 < 0 & : & & < ! ( 1 $S$ ( % F 51;4 !014E41!15! 14 +0 % T/C 0 '1 ,**- ( ,**#% 1 ( 0 . 6 % E ' % 1 51;4 !0& & U * , ! ,**#% K & 0 & % Page 15 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 83. . 4 ( ( ( 0 & ( & & 8 & % 4 ( ( = 0 & % ! & & ( % 4 7 & , ,**# ( 0 & ' 8 % ,* 5555 ( & ( % 1 & 5 0 B :50B<% 1 & ( & : 5 6 ( > <% 0 & & & ( ( & ( % 1 ( % ;;;; % VVVV 3 6 ,**) : 3DD % % % D D D ,% D W H4 < !& 51;4 !0 B ( 1 Page 16 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  •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age 17 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  •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age 18 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 86. #% VVVV & 6. : 3DD %& % % D6 W D1.50D1 D@ D,**-*,# C ,/$D! D 8W < ,*% VVVV 3DD %& % D % H& XFG6G!!G6*ZG"7 58585858 4 &4 &4 &4 & :51;4 !0< & : 3DD % % % D< 51;4 !0 .164' 6 : 3DD % % % D< 4 4 51;4 !0: 3DD % % % D< 0 4 : 3DD % % % D D< 6 0 ( 0000 B ( 1 51;4 !0: 3DD % % % D< @ ' 6 : 3DD % % % D D % < 0 & 4 1 : 3DD %& & % D D< $8$ ! ( 1 : 3DD % ( % D< 1 1 1 +: 3DD % D< :L <:L <:L <:L < 1 0( 0 3 1 + 4 6 : 3DD % & % D % H X *Y X'B;B**< & K ," ,**" I 1 ,**" ; ( 2 3DD % % D D 2 6 3 [4 [' ( [ [! ( & [ & [ 6 & #"$ 1 C & ,** ,3/,% 18 ( & 6 ( 6 ! & 0 ! @ 9 % 0 1 B % . % A % Page 19 of 19Petronas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas
  • 87. !!! " # # " # $ %&'($ ) * + , +# - ). / !!! # # -- 0&%1 #-#-#-#- # 2 3 " #3 " #3 " #3 " # 4 5 # 5# 5# 5# 5 ! 6666 4 # 7 2 8 4 /- 7 # # 4 - 9 4# 8 4/- : #: #: #: # # #### / 8# 8# ;)< 8 # 8 # 5 #5 #5 #5 # # # 95959595 =0>& &' %??'- @0A / 8/ 8/ 8/ 8 ᦕ=0B &( %??'- @0A ᦕ=0?C& %??'- @0A ## ### ### ### # =00' B %??'- @0A """" =1' && %??'- @0A #### &( &(? %??'- @0A #### !!! - Page 1 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  • 88. !!! " # # " # $%&'($ ) * + , +# - ). / !!! # # -- # # D E D # ! :# # ## # 5 8# 8# ! 8 # 8 8 8 # # 8$# # # # ; 7F # # 4 5 # @%A 3#3#3#3# ! # : 2 # 9 F E 8 # ! 9 7 5 8 FG# # 4 # 2 8 H " 4 #4 #4 #4 # 0 3# % 8 B /8 # B 0 I# ## # 8 # B 0 0 J # B 0 % 7 ! # B 0 B 4 # 1 5 C 4 5 # # C 0 2 5# # C % : # ( # > 9 # ' # Page 2 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  • 89. # # # # # 2 %' 0&%1 # 4 8 K #4 8 K #4 8 K #4 8 K # # F ## F ## F ## F # 4 - D 4 #D ! # # # 5 # !! ! < 3 ! 5 ! # # 5 # ! # # # 8 # 0&%&- 4 %B >CL # 7 # I # 4 : " 4 - ! # # ! 8# # < 8 : 9 : 0&'C ! # 4444 : 0&&0 # G# 5 0&&& ! # ! # # " " # 8 %??? ! # 2 %??B # 0B? # # 5 &( 1?? # @BA # # 0&&% 85 # CL G# # # ! 5 @1A : ! 0&&? 0&&1 8 ! # # %BL 11L 8888 4 # 2 8 # 5 # 01 %??> 3# # # ; 7F # 4 5 M 7 ! ! 3 # 4 E 8 # DI8/ D # # # 5 Page 3 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  • 90. # =% >1( BBC # # 8 =0 %C????# =0 1&( BBC # @CA@(A /8 #/8 #/8 #/8 # I# ## # 8 #I# ## # 8 #I# ## # 8 #I# ## # 8 # J #J #J #J # < # ! 7 ! #7 ! #7 ! #7 ! # 9 8, 8 8,# 8 4 #4 #4 #4 # # M # 9# # # 5# 8 4 N 4 4 # # , # I# # ## 8 5555 : 0&&& ! # =B>C ??? # # 1?? # ; 9 ! # I ! # # ! # ! # # # 8 O0 C 8# 2 0??8 # 85 # Page 4 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  •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age 5 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  • 92. 2 5# #2 5# #2 5# #2 5# # 7 # J G# # # 8 # # 2 # . 8# I # # E !# I 8 # 8 # G# 5 # 5 # G G# !# 8 # E @0%A )</I 4 8 J6# 8 8 8 # # E : #: #: #: # / 7 0( %??' 8 8 : 5# ; ;5 ! 0? 5# ! # # # R# / M : 8 0C I# # # ! # 7 5 2 8 : @0BA @01A #### 9 #9 #9 #9 # ) #) #) #) # 0 S D 9 %??'D !!! # # BC1( T%??'T T T5 - !!! # # BC1( T%??'T T T5 9 5 %??&$?1$0& % SSSS D 2 # !!! # ##9 # J C1%'CU0C$/ $ 9 ; # / 9 ; # %??> J6 4 " " Q F8 I8 # %??C 3 # / 8 Page 6 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  •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age 7 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  • 94. 9 #9 #9 #9 # / 0&&& # # !!! # %??' ?0 0( - : 3 # Q 0( %??' # 5 E # # / ;4 / ; !!!# 8 5# 0%? 0%?%0 # - 9 5 8# %0 %??' #### / # !!! - 9 5 D ! 8! T D 4 8 # 4 # # 8# V4 # # ) !. 8 V4 41? # V/ # V 5 # V4 # # # 0&%1 V4 # V4 # # 8 V4 41?V2 # V 5 # V 4 # # # # 8 ! # # 0& %?0? 0% 0> # 5 4 5 4 # $ ; # W # # J# # X # 8# : $ 8 M Page 8 of 8Total S.A. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 21/02/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_S.A.
  • 95. Seletar Aerospace Park is a 300-hectare aviation hub - a strategic development that will launch Singapore's goal to become a global aviation hub, where maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services are provided in an environment surrounded by world-class aerospace companies and facilities. Singapore’s aerospace industry has soared to new heights with an average growth rate of 13 per cent since 1990. The industry employed some 19,000 people and contributed S$6.9 billion in output in 2007. Fuelling the industry’s growth, Seletar Aerospace Park will add new market segments such as narrow-body and smaller aircraft to Singapore’s already strong MRO industry of commercial wide-body aircraft. By laying a strong foundation for Seletar Aerospace Park,
  • 96. Singapore will attract emerging companies looking for cost-competitive and reliable manufacturing locations to produce and assemble aerospace components. Seletar Aerospace Park will host a wide range of activities, including: • Manufacturing and assembly of aircraft engines, components and small aircrafts • Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul of aircrafts & components • Business & General Aviation • Training and R&D Companies at Seletar Aerospace Park benefit from synergies in this integrated environment that include economies-of-scale and increased efficiency. There is also significant scope for new industry collaborations – alliances brought about by the Park’s shared infrastructure, and close proximity to suppliers, customers and partners within the tight-knit aerospace community. Singapore’s offshore and marine industry has weathered many storms and demonstrated resilience in achieving its current position. The industry started off modestly in the 1960s as part
  • 97. of Singapore’s industralisation plan but has seen significant growth over the last 40 years. It has evolved from a small regional ship repair and building centre into a world-class offshore and marine hub with a wide range of capabilities, from rig building, ship-repair and FPSO conversion, specialised offshore vessel construction, offshore and marine supporting services, and oil and gas equipment manufacturing. Today, Singapore has achieved global leadership position in the construction of jack-up and semisubmersible oil rigs. We are also one of the world's leaders in the construction of specialised or customised vessels like anchor handling tugs or offshore support vessels providing supporting services to offshore and marine operations. Singapore is also the leading location in the Asia Pacific for the manufacturing of oil and gas equipment and there have been numerous world renowned companies who have established sophisticated and state of the art manufacturing facilities here. Singapore's offshore and marine sector has been growing at a compound annual growth rate of almost 30% since 2004, making it one of the fastest growing sectors in Singapore's economy in the last few years. As at 2008, 7.3% of Singapore's total manufacturing output and 9.3% of the manufacturing sector’s VA could be attributed to the offshore and marine sector. The industry employed close to 70,000 people of which 12,000 are skilled workers.
  • 98. Singapore aims to be a global hub in the development and manufacture of clean technology products. This promising new industry – the cleantech cluster – is expected to contribute S$3 billion to Singapore’s gross domestic product and create 18,000 jobs across a broad range of areas, including renewable energy, water and environment technologies, energy efficiency by 2015. To grow the cleantech industry, the government has mapped out a blueprint comprising five key pillars: R&D, manpower development, grooming of Singapore-based enterprises, branding of the industry and nurturing a vibrant industry eco-system. JTC has been working together with other government agencies to develop a CleanTech park catering to companies focusing on R&D, test-bedding and prototyping activities into clean technology.
  • 99. Singapore’s vision is to be the Biopolis of Asia, a leading international biomedical sciences cluster advancing human health by achieving excellence across the entire value chain. The Government has invested in more than S$5billion in building up industrial, human and intellectual capital and remains fully commited to developing this sector. Biopolis is a biomedical R&D hub at one-north, purpose-built to house key public and private biomedical research institutes and organisations. It is also the first major development in one-north. As a premier biomedical manufacturing centre in Asia, Tuas Biomedical Park (I and II) provides excellent infrastructure and opportunities for businesses to flourish. JTC's biomedical parks have already attracted world-renowned players in the biomedical field such as MSD, Pfizer, Wyeth, Ciba Vision, GSK Biologicals, Novartis, Lonza Biologics and Abbott Nutritionals. Fast Facts on Jurong Island
  • 100. Information Directory Information Directory Telephone Operation Hours Emergency Command Centre 6268 1076 6268 1020 Monday - Sunday Visitors Pass Office 62681587 6268 1248 Monday - Sunday ChemGallery @ Jurong Island 6262 5070 / 6262 5074 Monday - Friday 9.00am - 12.00pm 1.00pm - 5.00pm Jurong Island Fire Station 6267 4713 Acumed Medical Group 6261 7177 Monday - Friday 8.30am - 1.00pm 2.00pm - 5.00pm Saturday 8.30am - 12.00pm Acez Instrument (S) Pte. Ltd 6867 7600 Monday - Friday 8.30am - 5.30pm Saturday 8.30am - 1.00pm One Family Food Centre 6268 3872 Monday - Friday 6.00am - 7.00pm Saturday 6.00am - 6.00pm Sunday/Public Holiday 6.00am - 4.00pm Sakra Minimart 9639 3593 Monday - Friday
  • 101. 10.00am - 5.00pm La Vela Restaurant & Café 6266 1933 Monday - Friday 9.00am - 4.30pm New Developments @ Jurong Island Towards a Smoother Traffic Flow at Jurong Island Checkpoint In anticipation of the increase in traffic into Jurong Island due mainly to the various expansion and construction projects, JTC had embarked on various traffic measures leading through the Jurong Island Checkpoint. These measures aim to provide smoother traffic without compromising on security of Jurong Island and safety to the motorists. Some of the measures include : · Introduction of Reversible Flow for inbound traffic at Jurong Pier Flyover · Conversion of existing Checkpoint Vehicular Outbound Lanes to cater to Reversible Flow · Conversion of part of Jurong Island Highway (immediately after the Checkpoint) to cater to Reversible Flow · Conversion of the Departure Hall area into both Arrival and Departure · Construction of additional bus alighting and boarding bays · Addition of 11 security clearance turnstiles at Arrival Hall · Relocation of the Long Term Pass Office to 20 Jurong Pier Road JTC will be implementing the reversible flow traffic scheme with effect from 28 Oct 2008, with operational hours between 6:30am and 8:30am. If you require any clarifications or assistance, please feel free to contact the Emergency Command Centre at 62681020. Thank you and we look forward to your continued support. Electronics
  • 102. Wafer Fabrication and Advanced Display Park Singapore’s semiconductor industry began in the 1960s, with the introduction of early assembly and testing activities. Based on a report by the Strategic Marketing Associates in 2006, Singapore is ranked No. 2 by city after Hsinchu in Taiwan and No. 6 by country after Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, US and China in terms of wafer fab production capacity. The wafer companies in Singapore accounts for about 10% of the world’s foundry wafer output and holds 5% of worldwide wafer fabrication capacity. In 2007, the semiconductor cluster generated S$36.2billion (US$24 billion) semiconductor manufacturing output with a value-add of S$9.7billion (US$6.4 billion) and employs around 40,000 people. The industry is currently supported by a vibrant ecosystem with 40 integrated circuit design companies, 20 chip assembly and test plants, 8 Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMs) /Compound /Epitaxy Wafer Fabs, 14 silicon wafer fabrication facilities as well as research Institutes and supporting industries. There are 4 wafer fabrication parks and 1 advanced display park in Singapore. They are located in Woodlands, North Coast, Tampines and Pasir Ris and occupy a total land area of 252.48 hectares. Tampines Wafer Fab Park Located in the eastern region of Singapore, near the Tampines Regional Centre, this park benefits from the excellent road and rail links provided by the Tampines Expressway and Tampines MRT station. 42.78 hectares of the 79.95 hectares of total land available in the park has already been taken up by semiconductor companies like Chartered Semiconductor Tampines (CSM Tampines), Singapore, Siltronic Singapore, Siltronic Samsung Wafer, Formfactor and Qimonda. . Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park Situated in the eastern region of Singapore, this park is conveniently located close to the Tampines Re is easily available, given its proximity to the Tampines Expressway and Pasir Ris MRT station. Currently, about 18.88 hectares of the 59.63 hectares site has already been allocated. Established Silicon Manufacturing and Soitec.. Woodlands Wafer Fab Park This park is located in the northern region of Singapore, near the Woodlands Regional Centre. It enjoys excellent connectivity to the city and airport via the Marsiling MRT station and Bukit Timah Expressway. About 28.33 hectares of the 48.5 hectares site has been allocated. Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, our home-grown semiconductor company is an anchor tenant in the park, with five wafer fabrication plants on site. The other occupants include TECH Semiconductor Singapore and First DCS, which provides chilled water to the wafer fabrication companies in the park. North Coast Wafer Fab Park Located in the northern region of Singapore, the North Coast Wafer Fab Park is situated close to the Woodlands Regional Centre, Admiralty MRT Station and the Bukit Timah Expressway. Out of the 21.0 hectares of total land available at the park, 0.67 hectares has
  • 103. been allocated to Avago and 11.92 hectares has been allocated to IM Flash Singapore, a joint venture between Intel and Micron. Advanced Display Park This park features a 35.0 hectares site dedicated to supporting the advanced display industry. It is home to AFPD, which is fully-owned by Toshiba and operates Singapore’s first Thin Film Transistor (TFT) – Liquid Crystal Display (LDC) plant. The park is located in the vicinity of the Tampines Regional Centre, Tampines MRT station and the Tampines Expressway. Infocomm Fusionopolis @ one-north is envisioned to be a vibrant hotspot for R&D in the Infocomm and Media (ICM), Science and Engineering industries. The 30-ha cluster, to be developed in phases, will be the catalyst for a dynamic public-private partnership in these key disciplines. Fusionopolis will serve as the cradle of knowledge where next generation applications are incubated and test-bedded. Fast Facts With a vision on integration and fusion of industries, the ICT, Media, Science and Engineering industries have been strategically housed within Fusionopolis, a world class research infrastructure and network. At Fusionopolis, multidisciplinary research and partnerships will thrive in a mutually rewarding environment, allowing scientists across industries, research institutes and businesses to collaborate in research projects
  • 104. to pioneer the development of technology products and solutions. It is also the first work-live-play-learn development in one-north. Residents can enjoy the benefits of living in chic and cosy apartments, excellent connectivity with the one-north MRT station, one-stop entertainment hub with themed restaurants, a fitness club as well as lifestyle retailers all under the same setting. Developmental Phases Phase 1 Phase 1 of the Fusionopolis is a 120,000 sqm development designed by internationally renowned Japanese architect, the late Dr Kisho Kurokawa. The two-tower cum podium complex is the first integrated work-live- play-learn development in one-north. It showcases work-live apartments, a state-of-the-art Experimental Theatre (Genexis), the one-north gallery as well as amenities such as food and beverage and retail outlets, a fitness club and a roof top swimming pool. Equipped with facilities like broadband connectivity, satellite access and IT infrastructure, Phase 1 provides an ideal environment for both public and private research institutes. Phase 1 is also an eco-friendly development which comes with a total of 13 sky gardens or "green lungs". Fusionopolis Phase 1 was officially opened on 17 October 2008. Its tenants include the research institutes under A*STAR (Science & Engineering Research Council (SERC), Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) and the Data Storage Institute (DSI)), the Media Development Authority, SPRING Singapore, AFC Network Pte Ltd, Autodesk Asia Pte Ltd, Thales Technology Centre (S) Pte Ltd, Vestas Technology R&D Pte Ltd, Seiko Instruments and Ubisoft Singapore Pte Ltd. Phase 2A Phase 2A will yield 103,600 sqm of business park and R&D space, when it is completed in 2012. A massive test-bed for new technologies, Phase 2A is designed to house dry and wet laboratories, clean rooms and vibration sensitive test-bedding facilities. It will also see the setting up of Singapore's largest R&D clean
  • 105. room facility. Phase 2B Phase 2B is a 50,000 sqm development designed by renowned "green" architect, Dr Ken Yeang. This green and sustainable development will provide business park and laboratory space to house agencies and companies that would form synergistic collaborations with those from Phases 1 and 2A when it is completed in 2011. Media
  • 106. A place where the finest in the media industry can thrive and grow. A place where content, services and collaborations can be financed, produced, developed and traded to international markets. A place where new media tools and applications can be created, tested and launched to the world stage. It all begins here - Mediapolis @ one-north. Mediapolis is a unique collaboration between four government agencies – the Media Development Authority, JTC Corporation as the master developer, Infocomm Development Authority and the Economic Development Board. When completed, Mediapolis will be a vital piece of Singapore's media ecosystem and help elevate Singapore into a Trusted Global Media Hub. Fast Facts Mediapolis is strategically located within one-north, a 200-hectares innovation and R&D hub. Mediapolis will be a self-contained center of expertise that will house a media ecosystem comprising incubators, R&D activities, content development, digital production, broadcasting, industry-responsive education, intellectual property and digital rights management. These will be anchored by shared facilities such as sound stages, advanced digital screen studios, sound recording studios and motion capture studios and services.
  • 107. Mediapolis will focus on the development of high quality digital media content as well as R&D in interactive digital media. It will be supported by a strong and robust IT infrastructure and a synergistic business environment. Developmental Plans A 19-hectare plot within one-north has been earmarked for the development of Mediapolis. The development will be demand driven by the industry and will be carried out in phases. When fully developed, there will be business park space to house quality digital production and post production facilities. R&D laboratories located within Mediapolis will also play a key role to boost R&D efforts in digital media technologies to capture the increasing demand for innovative applications, services and devices. The master plan for Mediapolis @ one- north was unveiled in December 2008. Logistics LogisPark Strategic location, efficient 24/7 operations, reliable physical and IT infrastructure, and excellent connectivity have made Singapore a compelling global logistics hub and supply chain management (SCM) nerve centre. With over 3000 international and local logistics companies already located in Singapore, we are a key logistics hub in the Asia Pacific. The logistics service sector is enjoying healthy growth from the continued development of the local manufacturing industry and newly-identified high growth industry clusters in the biomedical and chemical industries.
  • 108. Our position as Asia's leading distribution hub is supported by the presence of a myriad of companies that have established regional distribution centres (RDCs) in Singapore, and our steadfast commitment to the industry continues with investment in an integrated IT platform to support our world-class port and logistics hub Supporting Singapore's goal to become the region's premier logistics hub, JTC has gone beyond providing mere space for logistics businesses. A new generation of business solutions have been tailored for third party service providers (3PLs), chemical logistics companies and companies requiring general warehousing. JTC aims to help realise Singapore's vision as the leading integrated logistics hub in the Asia-Pacific region by providing best-value industrial facilities, and facilitating value-creation in the industry through fostered partnerships. Airport Logistics Park of Singapore (ALPS) The 26-ha ALPS was officially opened in 2003 and is Singapore's first logistics park with Free Trade Zone status. Leveraging on the excellent connectivity and handling efficiency of Changi Airport, lessees and tenants in the park enjoy quick turnaround for time-sensitive products and services. It also offers reduced cycle times, administrative and manpower costs associated with import and export procedures. Since its launch, an increasing number of logistics players in the industry are recognising the advantages of locating in ALPS. To date, 18-ha of land has been allocated. ALPS is currently home to world-class logistics players like Menlo Worldwide Forwarding Inc, Bax Global Pte Ltd, Nippon Express (Singapore) Pte Ltd, UPS SCS (Singapore) Pte Ltd and DHL Exel Supply Chain Singapore Pte Ltd. ALPS won the "Logistics Park of the Year" award at the Asia Logistics Awards 2006 ceremony held on 5 October 2006. The Asia Logistics Awards is an annual event organised by Lloyd's Freight Transport Buyer Asia (FTB Asia) and aims to recognise the leading players in various sectors such as freight transport, logistics and supply chain management. Nominees for this award were judged based on the following criteria: quality of park management; level of customer service; location and access to transportation; park infrastructure; costs and tax incentives. Although ALPS was up against strong contenders like AMATA and Jebel Ali FTZ, it was selected as "Logistics Park of the Year" by an independent panel of leading executives in the logistics industry. Banyan and Meranti LogisPark Located on Jurong Island, Asia-Pacific's premier integrated chemicals hub, Banyan LogisPark and Meranti LogisPark provide a full spectrum of integrated logistics and supply chain support for companies on Jurong Island. For more information on the chemical logisparks on Jurong Island, please click here. Other LogisParks
  • 109. JTC also offers a wide array of land sites at various locations around Singapore. Our sites are available in various sizes and are well served by infrastructure such as power, water supply, sewerage system, telecommunications and an efficient network of roads. For more information on the various logistics parks, please click Changi, Toh Tuck & Toh Guan and Clementi West.
  • 110. !"#$% !&!"#$% !&!"#$% !&!"#$% !&
  • 111. '( )*+,-./0123 430 ! 5 .365& $7 "315 3 3 ! $%389 - : -;/1 & -3/5 <3 !$ < $ $%389 = 65 - 53 & !0)) <3 5 $ . 0!"5 3 )) 58558$0 !5&#2 $%89>7 5 .3 33 5 58= !$ !0)) / $%389 - 01$"$%!$ < 30- %?785 @5 78 =8!!$65 !0)) 5< - 75$2 - =8!!$ !0<3 @!5 )) -3 . $%958585 A< $7-2 657 30)-).- : 0 7 "31. 657- 5 65 /$7- 8"BC*+D *E +F !$.1- 5 $%$7 ))) PDF file , to download from Burma Gas - Shwe.org http://shwe.org/Attachments/Corridor of Power Burmese-lowquality.pdf 5 7$/- - 657 5 !! 65& 3 8G365/8430-$ @ - 5!& >75 7- . 3 $%3893 $5!& -78"@ - 5 $7 338 7$/- - 657 . 3 )) 5/5 7$/ 01!$= H5 >: 32 30 65 < ! @ $& 3 !$= H65 >%: $0)) 2 >: 3 $=". $%389 2 $%3 ))9 7$/- - 657 )) 8G3 $0)) !"- - - - 01 2$3 5 30 3/ - 355 I$ @5 78 . $%389J $355 3 I : 7@$ @-73!7 5 $ $%89 5 H3 35 $%$09 - - 657 20$%$ 0)) $& "!"2 /0 30 " 8" 5 3 - 8@5K<75@- > 7 )) & . $%389= 65 8G3 $ 0)) !"3//0 !0<3 J 65& !$%389 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)
  • 112. 3 J73 J73 J73 J7 )))))))) 3 353 353 353 35 5 /65 -./01 +L*LM* L+NCOP 0 1 5- - I%3 /65 G8 - @;%3 / 8G32/530 3/5 1 5 $%389>%$ 0 8G3 30!"G =3@ 5 $"@ </>G! @Q 5 )) 2$3 5 3 !& 2" $%389 !15 5 -$ #$ 38 $ !0 $ 02" 3 5 3 !5 $%89 3/ -5/4 . 30)) -IR! @I$ @ 3 5 78 @3 4 @5 3 $%3 S4 - 5 5 65$%389 5 $"BTF@ - 5 BUF 016 63 ! BVTF 5 3 - I%3-! -! 5 <0$%$09 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_future_GDP_per_capita_estimates_(PPP)
  • 113. - ;%3 /1 /01 $& ! ! 3/ " V9 2/530;%3 /1$ : Q 3 3 & $%389 2 01?785 5 2/530 5 2545 3 3 . $%="9 J;%3 /1 /W=7! ! 5Q 5 $" 04 /X4 =7! B L+ Y+* Z[]^_` * F 018J65& = $%="92 04 /5 3 5 $"25 S< ! 5 $%3893 J7 3 5 $" 04 /5 7$%=")) 4 /5 30 . 30 5 $"5$0 3 004 ! <0. $%389 S9 4 /5 30 ;%3 /!$ 5 4 5 65# " )) !5 ! !$%389 $& 7$/ $ !$ 5 !$ 5 $ /!$3 - 5 < $%$092 $a !1$a$ ! !5 $7 5 $" V4 5 < 2 30 / $&5 < $%$ !$ @ %. 657 $%$20$55 0 5 /30G3! 3/ - 657$%9 ? 318"! 0 /- 75 3 & 3 & 38 $J789 X9 $& $ $7 - < / 89 7$/ ! !$ 8 )) < " 5 < ! 30 /65 - - 75 ! 4 $0@ - 8 $0 482 $7 S ! 5 65&$%9 58 $%! 30!$ /@ - 3/1-65#01)) 7$7 S ! 5 65# 65&$%9 W9>% Q3$0 - @ !1$%! 30 /- - 7017$/ 2!$!15 3 )) 5 $"$0$ ! @5/ -!$!$ .1 $%389 $&3 35.15 3 )) 5 20 S4 ! 5-3/ 3 35! 303 $$&@ 5 78 01?785 315 "8" $%9 "31- 5 58 $ ! 3058!"# 0 b 5 - $$7 .3 a30-3/5 )) 3 35! . 389 =8 "< /1!A3 $7 3 )) 58G35 653 & $%$0))9 $&$ 5 !"# / $& $ ! !$5 30- Q 3 35 0 ! 65 $a 5 $%$09 - S4V4 3 = 2" $%="9 - !5-$#!5 5$02/5 <0$%$09 $&$ 5 7@ 3 </ )) <5!5 $7- 3/1-65#01 /65 B b F < $% !1)) SVc . .a4%7cS4V4
  • 114. ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ တ႐ုတ္ အမ်ားဆံုး သတင္းရင္းျမစ္ > ကိုေပါက္ အဂၤါေန႔၊ ေဖေဖၚဝါရီလ ၂၂ ရက္ ၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၈ နာရီ ၁၁ မိနစ္ နယူးေဒလီ (မဇၥ်ိမ) ။      ။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ႏိုင္ငံျခား ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ ပမာဏ အမ်ားဆံုးႏိုင္ငံမွာ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံ ျဖစ္လာေၾကာင္း ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ကုန္သည္မ်ားႏွင့္ စက္မႈလက္မႈ လုပ္ငန္းရွင္မ်ားအသင္း UMFCCI ေျပာဆိုခ်က္အရ သိရသည္။ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံက ၆.၄ ဘီလ်ံ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထားရာမွ ယခုႏွစ္ ဇန္နဝါရီလတြင္ ၉.၆ ဘီလ်ံအထိ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ျမႇင့္တင္ခဲ့ရာ ၉.၅ ဘီလ်ံသာ ရွိသည့္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံထက္ ေက်ာ္လြန္ကာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ အမ်ားဆံုးႏုိင္ငံ ျဖစ္သြားျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ “တ႐ုတ္က ပေရာဂ်က္ေပါင္း ၃ဝ ဗ်။ ေရနံနဲ႔ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔မွာ အမ်ားဆံုးေပါ့။ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴကေန ကူမင္းကို သြယ္မယ့္ ေရနံပိုက္လိုင္းေလ။ အဲဒီဟာမွာ အမ်ားဆံုးပဲခင္ဗ်” ဟု UMFCCI ျပန္ၾကားေရးဌာနမွ ဦးမ်ဳိးဝင္းထြန္းက မဇၥ်ိမကို ေျပာသည္။ {play}images/NewsPhotos/FEB11/UMFCCIUMWT.mp3{/play} ၂ဝဝ၆ ခုႏွစ္ေနာက္ပိုင္း ေရနံႏွင့္ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔က႑တြင္ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံခဲ့သည့္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံမွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ အမ်ားဆံုး ႏိုင္ငံအျဖစ္ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ႏွစ္ ႏိုဝဘၤာလအထိ ၇ ႏွစ္ၾကာ တည္ရွိခဲ့သည္။ ထိုစဥ္က တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံမွာ နံပါတ္ ၂ ေနရာတြင္ ရွိေနခဲ့သည္။ UMFCCI တရားဝင္ ထုတ္ျပန္ထားေသာ ကိန္းဂဏန္းမ်ားအရ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ အမ်ားဆံုး ၆ ႏိုင္ငံတြင္ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံက အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၉၆ဝ၃.၁၆၈ သန္း၊ ထိုင္းက ၉၅၆၈.ဝ၉၃ သန္း၊ ေဟာင္ေကာင္က ၅၉ဝ၄.၉၁၈ သန္း၊ ကိုရီးယားက ၂၇၂ဝ.၈ဝ၆ သန္း၊ ၿဗိတိန္က ၂၆၅၉.၉၅၄ သန္းႏွင့္ စကၤာပူက ၁၅၉၂.၄၄၃ သန္း ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထားသည္။ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္သူ႔သမၼတ ႏိုင္ငံသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ယခုႏွစ္ ဇန္နဝါရီလကုန္အထိ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၁ဝ ဘီလ်ံနီးပါး ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထားေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ယခုႏွစ္အတြင္း လွ်ပ္စစ္စြမ္းအားက႑ႏွင့္ ေရနံႏွင့္ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔ က႑တြင္ ၃ ဘီလ်ံေက်ာ္ ထပ္မံရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံေၾကာင္း ယခုတပတ္ထုတ္ Eleven ဂ်ာနယ္ အင္တာနက္ စာမ်က္ႏွာတြင္လည္း ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ 1 / 2
  • 115. ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ တ႐ုတ္ အမ်ားဆံုး သတင္းရင္းျမစ္ > ကိုေပါက္ အဂၤါေန႔၊ ေဖေဖၚဝါရီလ ၂၂ ရက္ ၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၈ နာရီ ၁၁ မိနစ္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ႏိုင္ငံျခား ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈမ်ားမွာ ေရနံႏွင့္ သဘာဝဓာတ္ေငြ႔က႑၌ ၄၂ %၊ လွ်ပ္စစ္က႑တြင္ ၃၆ %၊ သတၳဳတူးေဖာ္မႈတြင္ ၈ %  စသျဖင့္ ရွိေၾကာင္း ဦးမ်ဳိးဝင္းထြန္းက ေျပာသည္။ ၁၉၈၈ ခုႏွစ္ ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ တံခါးဖြင့္ စီးပြားေရးေပၚလစီအရ အဓိကအားျဖင့္ အိမ္နီးခ်င္းႏိုင္ငံမ်ားမွ လာေရာက္ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံရာ ထိုင္း၊ စကၤာပူ၊ တ႐ုတ္၊ ေဟာင္ေကာင္၊ ကိုရီးယားႏွင့္ ၿဗိတိန္မွာ အဓိက ႏိုင္ငံမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။ ျမန္မာႏွင့္ တ႐ုတ္အၾကား ကုန္သြယ္မႈ ပမာဏမွာ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ၂ဝဝ၉-၂ဝ၁ဝ ဘ႑ာႏွစ္အတြင္း က်ပ္သန္းေပါင္း ၁ဝ,၂၁၃ ေက်ာ္ ရွိခဲ့သည္။ 2 / 2
  • 116. ေျပာစရာနည္းနည္း ရိွလို႔ပါ - This is the truth. Burmese from Singapore ႏိုင္ငံျခားလာၿပီးအလုပ္လုပ္တာကိုပဲ တခ်ိဳ႔က ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ သစၥာေဖာက္မႈႀကီးလို ျမင္ေနၾကေသးတယ္။ ကြ်ဲေျခရာခြက္ထဲ က်ေနတဲ့ဖားေလးေတြလို အင္မတန္ သနားစရာေကာင္းတဲ့ သူမ်ားပါေပပ ခင္ဗ်ာ။ ေျပာတဲ့သူေတြက ဥေရာပႏိုင္ငံေတြက မဟာဘဲြ႔၊ ေဒါက္တာဘဲြ႔ႀကီးေတြ ယူလာခဲ့တဲ့သူေတြ ျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ကြ်န္ေတာ့္မွာ အံ့လည္းအံ့ၾသမိပါရဲ့။ ေအးေလ၊ သူတို႔လည္း သူတို႔အျမင္နဲ႔ သူတို႔ေပါ့။ ရိွပါေစ။ သူမ်ားေတြ ဘာေတြလုပ္ေနသလဲ။ သူတို႔ဒီလိုသြားျခင္းျဖင့္ ဘယ္လို အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ေတြရသလဲ ဆိုတာ နည္းနည္းမွ ထည့္မစဥ္းစားဘဲ သူတို႔ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ ၀န္ထမ္းဘ၀နဲ႔ လုပ္ေနတာကိုဘဲ ျျမန္မာျပည္ႀကီးက သင္ေပးလိုက္တဲ့ ပညာေတြ အတြက္ အမိႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ႀကီးကို ျပန္ေက်းဇူးဆပ္ေနသလိုလို။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔က ျမန္မာျပည္က သင္ေပးလိုက္တဲ့ ပညာေတြနဲ႔ စင္ကာပူ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ႀကီးကိုပဲ အလုပ္အေကြ်းျပဳေနသလိုလို။ ဒါက သူတို႔အျမင္ကိုး ခင္ဗ်။ ေဒါက္တာေအာင္ထြန္းသက္ ေျပာတာေလး နားေထာင္ၾကည့္စမ္းပါ။ “သူတို႔ႏိုင္ငံျခားသြားလုပ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ကိုယ့္ႏိုင္ငံမွာမရိွတဲ့ ေခတ္မီအတတ္ပညာေတြ သူတို႔ဟာသူတို႔ ေလ့လာၿပီးသား သင္ၿပီးသား ျဖစ္သြားတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ အဲဒီလူေတြသာ ျမန္မာျပည္ျပန္လာခဲ့ရင္ သူတို႔နဲ႔အတူပါလာမဲ့ အတတ္ပညာေတြဟာ ဘာနဲ႔မွ ၀ယ္လို႔မရတ့ဲ အင္မတန္ အဖိုးတန္တဲ့အရာေတြ ျဖစ္တယ္။ ေနာက္ၿပီး တကမၻာလံုးမွာရိွတဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရာက္ျမန္မာေတြကေန ျမန္မာျပည္ျပန္ပို႔ေနတဲ့ ေငြေတြဟာ နည္းနည္းေနာေနာမဟုတ္ဘူး - တဲ့။” ဆရာႀကီးေျပာတာ ဟုတ္မဟုတ္ နည္းနည္း ေပသီးေခါက္ၾကည့္ရေအာင္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ ျမန္မာသံရံုးကို တစ္လ ဘယ္ေလာက္ေပးေနရသလဲ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ လတိုင္း တစ္လကို စင္ကာပူေဒၚလာ ၁၂၀ (ျမန္မာေငြ တစ္သိန္းနီးပါး) ေပးေနရတယ္ ဆိုတာ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ သိပါတယ္။ ပီအာ၊ အီးပီ၊ အက္စ္ပတ္စ္၊ ၀ပ္ပါမစ္၊ မိတ္။ အားလံုး ပွ်မ္းမွ်ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ တစ္ေယာက္ ၈၀ ပဲထားပါဦး။ စင္ကာပူမွာ လာအလုပ္လုပ္ေနတဲ့ ျမန္မာေပါင္း သိန္းဂဏန္းနီးနီးရိွတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ၅ ေသာင္းပဲထားပါဗ်ာ။ ျမန္မာသံရံုးရဲ့ တစ္လ ၀င္ေငြ ေနာ္။ တြက္ၾကည့္မယ္။ ၈၀ x ၅၀၀၀၀ = စင္ကာပူေဒၚလာ ၄ သန္း။ အားပါးပါး။ သိပ္မ်ားသြားသလား။ ထားပါ ေလးပံုတစ္ပံု ဆုိရင္ေတာင္ တစ္သန္း --- ခင္ဗ်။ ျမန္မာျပည္က ဘယ္စက္ရံု၊ ဘယ္ရံုး၊ ဘယ္ဌာနက တစ္လ ေဒၚလာေလးသန္း (ဘာအရင္းမွ စိုက္စရာမလို၊ ဘာစက္ပစၥည္းမွ မလို၊ လုပ္သားခဘယ္ေလာက္မွ မလို၊ ဘာ ကာယအား၊ ဉာဏအားမွ စိုက္စရာမလိုဘဲ) ရပါသလဲ။ ေျပာပါ။ ဒါ သံရံုးကို ေျပာတာ။ စင္ကာပူလာ အလုပ္လုပ္တယ္ ဆိုတာ ကိုယ့္မိသားစုကို ေကြ်းေမြးေထာက္ပံ့ဘို႔ ဆိုတဲ့
  • 117. ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္နဲ႔ခ်ည္း လာၾကတာ။ ဘယ္သူမွ အားအားလ်ားလ်ား အေလလိုက္ရေအာင္ (သည္းခံပါခင္ဗ်ာ - ရိုင္းသြားတယ္) ေပ်ာ္ဘို႔ပါးဘို႔ လာၾကတဲ့သူ မရိွဘူး။ သူရို႔ႀကိဳက္တတ္လို႔ ဘီယာေသာက္တယ္ ဆိုရင္ေတာင္ အိမ္ေတာ့ ျခစ္ခ်ဳပ္ျပန္ပို႔ၾကတဲ့ သူခ်ည္းပဲ။ ဒါဆို စင္ကာပူႏိုင္ငံသား ခံသြားတဲ့လူေတြကလဲြလို႔ က်န္တဲ့ ျျမန္မာေတြအားလံုး ကိုယ့္မိသားစုရိွရာ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို ပိုက္ဆံျပန္ပို႔ၾကတဲ့ သူေတြခ်ည္းပဲေပါ့။ ရွင္းေနတာဘဲ။ ကိုင္း၊ ဒါဆို တစ္လတစ္လ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို ႏိုင္ငံျခားမွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနသူေတြ ျျပန္ပို႔ေနတဲ့ ေငြေတြ တြက္ၾကည့္မယ္။ တကမၻာလံုးဆိုတာ သိပ္ က်ယ္ျပန္႔တယ္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ လက္လွမ္းမမီဘူး။ ကိုယ္သိသေလာက္ စင္ကာပူကိုပဲ တြက္မယ္။ ခုနေျပာသလို စင္ကာပူမွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနတဲ့သူကုိ ၅ ေသာင္းပဲထား တြက္ရေအာင္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တစ္လကို အနည္းဆံုး ဆယ္သိန္း ျပန္ပို႔တယ္။ ၀ပ္ပါမစ္သမားေတြဆို အနည္းဆံုး သံုးသိန္းေတာ့ ပို႔မယ္။ ထားပါ။ ပ်မ္းမွ်ျခင္း - တစ္ေယာက္ကို ငါးသိန္းပို႔တယ္ပဲထား။ တစ္ေယာက္ ငါးသိန္း x လူ ငါးေသာင္း = က်ပ္ သန္းေပါင္း ႏွစ္ေသာင္းခဲြ = ၂၅ ဘီလ်ံ။ အိုးဟိုးဟိုး။ အာ၊ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္တာ။ ဒါဆို နည္းနည္းေလွ်ာ့ခ်ၾကည့္မယ္။ ကဲ တစ္ေယာက္ တစ္သိန္း x လူငါးေသာင္း = က်ပ္ သန္းေပါင္း ၅ ေထာင္ = ၅ ဘီလ်ံ။ (ဒါထက္ပိုစရာပဲ ရွိတယ္။) ဒါ - စင္ကာပူတစ္ႏိုင္ငံထဲကို ေျပာတာ။ တကမၻာလံုးမွာ ဆယ္ႏိုင္ငံကို သြားအလုပ္လုပ္ၾကတယ္ပဲ ဆိုပါေတာ့။ ၅ ဘီလ်ံ x ၁၀ = ဘယ္ေလာက္ျဖစ္သြားမလဲ၊ ဘီလ်ံ ၅၀ မဟုတ္လား။ အဲဒါ တစ္ႏွစ္ကိုေျပာတာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ တစ္လ တစ္လ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို ၀င္ေနတဲ့ ပိုက္ဆံေတြကိုေျပာတာ။ ခင္ဗ်ား ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ရင္ တစ္လ ဘယ္ေလာက္ရမလဲ။ ေမးစရာမလိုပါဘူးဗ်ာ။ မစားေလာက္လို႔ လာၾကတဲ့ သူေတြခ်ည္းဟာကို။ ဒါဆို တကယ္စစ္စစ္ေပါက္ေပါက္ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာသာ တြက္ၾကည့္မယ္ဆိုရင္ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔ဆီကေန ၀င္ေနတဲ့ ျမန္မာျပည္ရဲ့ ၀င္ေငြဟာ (သံရံုးေတြအပါအ၀င္ဆိုရင္) ျျမန္မာတစ္ႏုိင္ငံလံုးရဲ့ အမိ်ဳးသားထုတ္ကုန္ (GDP) ရဲ့ ထက္၀က္မွ်ေတာင္ မရိွႏိုင္ေပဘူးလား။ ထားပါေတာ့ဗ်ာ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ စိတ္တိုတိုနဲ႔ ေရးလိုက္တာပါ။ အသက္လည္း ႀကီးပါၿပီ။ ဖက္ၿပိဳင္ၿပီးေတာ့လည္း ရန္မျဖစ္ခ်င္ ေတာ့ပါဘူး။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္က ကိုယ္လုပ္ႏိုင္တတ္သမွ်ေလးနဲ႔ ျမန္မာျပည္နဲ႔ ျျပည္သူျပည္သားေတြကို လုပ္ေပးမယ္ဆုိၿပီး သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြနဲ႔စုၿပီး ေက်ာင္းေတြ (အစိုးရစာသင္ေက်ာင္း၊ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးသင္၊ သီလရင္သင္ ပညာေရးေက်ာင္း) ျပင္ေပး။ ေဆးရံုေဆးခန္းေတြ ျပင္ေပး။ ေဆာက္ေပး လုပ္ေနတာ။ ခုဆို ေနရာေပါင္း ၁၄၀ ေလာက္ရိွၿပီ။ ျမန္မာေငြနဲ႔ သိန္း ၇၅၀ ေက်ာ္။ စင္ကာပူေဒၚလာ တစ္သိန္းေက်ာ္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ျမန္မာျပည္မွာေနရင္ လုပ္ႏုိင္ပါ့မလား။ ကိုယ့္ဟာကိုယ္ေတာင္ မနည္း ထမင္းစားဘို႔လုပ္ေနရတာ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔လို လုပ္ေနတဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရာက္ ျမန္မာေတြ၊ အဖဲြ႔အစည္းေတြ မနည္းပါဘူးဗ်ာ။ ရာနဲ႔ခ်ီရိွပါတယ္။ အဲဒါေတြသာ ေပါင္းလိုက္ရင္ ခုနက ေအာ္ႀကီးဟစ္က်ယ္ေျပာေနတဲ့ ျမန္မာျပည္ႀကီးရဲ့ အက်ိဳးကို သူတို႔သာ ေဆာင္က်ဥ္းေနပါတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ မမတို႔ထက္ အဆေပါင္း ရာနဲ႔ခ်ီရိွပါတယ္ ခင္ဗ်ာ။
  • 118. ခုေတာ့ ဒီလို ပရဟိတလုပ္ငန္းဆိုတာ လူတိုင္း (ေစတနာပါရင္) လုပ္လို႔ရတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ သူမ်ားမလုပ္ႏုိင္တာ ငါလုပ္မဟဲ့လို႔ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ လုိေနတဲ့ (Big Gap) ကြက္လပ္ႀကီးကို ျဖည့္ဘို႔ ညဘက္ အိပ္ခ်ိန္ေတြေလွ်ာ့ၿပီး စာအုပ္ေတြ ျပဳစုတယ္ ေပါ့ခင္ဗ်ာ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ ရန္ကုန္ျပန္ေရာက္ရင္ စာအုပ္ဆိုင္ေတြ၊ စာအုပ္အေဟာင္းတန္းေတြ သြားေမႊေလ့ရိွတယ္။ စာအုပ္ကို ကြ်န္ေတာ္က လူမွန္းသိတတ္စကတဲက ခ်စ္လာတာ။ ဒီလို ေလွ်ာက္ေမႊရင္းနဲ႔ ကိုယ္က အင္ဂ်င္နီယာဆိုေတာ့ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ စာအုပ္စာတမ္းေတြ လုိက္ရွာၾကည့္တယ္။ ဘုရားစူးရပါေစရဲ့။ တကယ္ အားကိုးအားထား ျျပဳရေလာက္တဲ့ ျမန္မာလိုေရးထားတဲ့ အင္ဂ်င္နီးယားရင္း စာအုပ္ တစ္အုပ္မွ မရွိဘူး ခင္ဗ်ာ။ ဦးေဖသိန္း (လွ်ပ္စစ္) ေရးတဲ့ စာအုပ္တခ်ိဳ႔။ ဦးအုန္းျမင့္ (ဒီဇယ္) ေရးတဲ့ စာအုပ္တခ်ိဳ႔။ ဦးကိုကိုေလး ေရးတဲ့ စာအုပ္တခ်ိဳ႔တေလပဲ ေတြ႔တယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ အဲဒီစာအုပ္ေတြက တကယ့္ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာစာအုပ္ေတြ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ တက္ခနစ္ရွန္ (Technician) ေတြအတြက္ေလာက္ပဲ အသံုးတည့္တယ္။ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ စာအုပ္ေတြတင္ပဲလားတဲ့။ မဟုတ္ဘူးခင္ဗ်။ တျခား ဘာသာရပ္ေတြေရာပဲ။ အားလံုး။ တကယ့္က်က်နန ျပဳစုထားတဲ့၊ အားကိုးအားထား ျပဳရေလာက္တဲ့စာအုပ္ တစ္အုပ္မွ မရိွဘူး။ ျမန္မာစာေပနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ေတာ့ စာအုပ္ေတြ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ေတြ႔တယ္။ ညီမျဖစ္သူကလည္း ျမန္မာစာဆရာမ၊ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ကလည္း ျမန္မာစာေပ ၀ါသနာပါေတာ့ လက္လွမ္းမီသမွ် အကုန္လိုလို ၀ယ္ထားတယ္။ အားရစရာဆိုလို႔ ျမန္မာစာေပ တစ္ခုပဲရိွတယ္။ မႏွစ္က ကြ်န္ေတာ့္သူငယ္ခ်င္း ကိုေအာင္ေဇာ္ဦးက သူဖတ္ခ်င္လို႔ စပါးအေၾကာင္း ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ ေရးထားတဲ့ စာအုပ္မ်ားရိွရင္ ေျပာစမ္းပါ။ သိရင္လည္း ၀ယ္ေပးစမ္းပါ။ ပိုက္ဆံေပးပါ့မယ္ ေပါ့။ ေျပာလာတယ္။ ဘုရားစူးရပါေစ့။ ေစ်းကြက္ထဲမွာ စပါးနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ျပည့္ျပည့္စံုစံု ေရးထားတဲ့စာအုပ္ တစ္အုပ္ကမွ မရိွပါဘူး ခင္ဗ်ာ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ့္မိတ္ေဆြ အေပါင္းအသင္း စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးပညာရွင္ေတြ လိုက္ေမးေတာ့လည္း ၀ယ္လို႔ရတဲ့စာအုပ္ေတာ့ မၾကားမိဘူး။ ဟိုလူ႔မွာေတာ့ ရိွတယ္။ လိုခ်င္ရင္ ေကာ္ပီဆဲြလို႔ရတယ္။ ဒီေနရာမွာေတာ့ ရိွမယ္ထင္တယ္ ဆုိတာေလာက္ပဲ သိခဲ့ရတယ္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔တုိင္းျပည္မွာ စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးပညာရွင္ေတြ၊ ရိုးရိုးဘဲြ႔ရ။ မဟာဘဲြ႔ရ၊ ေဒါက္တာဘဲြ႔ရ၊ နည္းနည္းတတ္တ့ဲသူ၊ အရမ္းေတာ္တဲ့သူေတြ ရိုက္သတ္လို႔ မကုန္ပါဘူး။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္က စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးတကၠသိုလ္ရဲ့ ၀န္ထမ္းေဟာင္း တစ္ေယာက္ဆုိေတာ့ ဘယ္သူေတြေတာ့ျဖင့္ ဘယ္ႏုိင္ငံမွာ ဘာဘဲြ႔ေတြ သြားယူေနတယ္ ဆုိတာ အျမဲလိုလို သတင္းေတြ ၾကားေနရပါတယ္။ ေစ်းကြက္မွာရိွတဲ့ စာအုပ္ေတြက ဘာပန္းပင္စိုက္နည္း၊ မီးဖိုေခ်ာင္သံုး သီးႏွံမ်ားစိုက္နည္း ဆိုၿပီး လယ္သမားေတြ သိၿပီးသား နည္းပညာေတြေလာက္ပဲ ေရးထားတာမ်ားပါတယ္။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္လည္း လွည္းတန္းနဲ႔ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႔ထဲ က စာအုပ္ဆိုင္ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားမွာ လုိက္ရွာၾကည့္တာပဲ။ မေတြ႔ခဲ့ဘူး။ အဲဒီေတာ့ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အတတ္ပညာပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ စာအုပ္စာတမ္းေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးလိုေနတယ္။ ဘာသာရပ္တုိင္း အတြက္ကို လိုတာ။ ဒီေတာ့ ကြ်န္ေတာ္ကလည္း အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ ဆိုေတာ့ ကိုယ္သိထားတာေလးေတြ၊ တတ္ထားတာေလးေတြ။ ေလ့လာမိထားတာေလးေတြကို ရႏုိင္တတ္သမွ် စာအုပ္စာတမ္းေတြ ရွာေဖြၿပီး