TCP-IP Reference Model

Loading...

Flash Player 9 (or above) is needed to view presentations.
We have detected that you do not have it on your computer. To install it, go here.

1 comments

Comments 1 - 1 of 1 previous next Post a comment

Post a comment
Embed Video
Edit your comment Cancel

3 Favorites

TCP-IP Reference Model - Presentation Transcript

  1. TCP/IP Protocol Mukesh N. Tekwani Elphinstone College Mumbai
  2. Objectives
    • Connection-oriented and connectionless services
    • The TCP/IP layers
    • Differences between OSI and TCP/IP models
  3. Connection-Oriented Services
    • Connection-oriented service modelled after the telephone system
      • To talk to someone, pick up a phone, dial the number, talk and disconnect
    • Similarly, in a network, the service user will
      • Establish a connection
      • Use the connection
      • Release the connection
      • The sender, receiver and the network may conduct a negotiation about data transfer speed, maximum message size, etc
  4. Connection-Oriented Services
    • Connection-oriented service is used when reliability is important
      • E.g., for file transfer, we want that all bits arrive correctly and in the order they were sent
  5. Connectionless Services
    • Connectionless service modelled after the postal system
      • Each message (letter) carries the full destination address
      • Each message is routed through the system independent of all others
      • If two messages are sent to the same destination, normally the first one to be sent should arrive first. But it is possible that the second message arrives first
  6. TCP/IP Protocol Suite
    • TCP / IP – T ransmission C ontrol P rotocol / I nternet P rotocol
    • Developed prior to the OSI model
    • Layers of TCP/IP do not match exactly with those in the OSI model
    • Used in the Internet
    • Ability to connect multiple networks in a seamless way was one of the major design goals which led to development of TCP / IP
  7. TCP/IP Protocol Suite
    • TCP / IP – refers to a collection of data communication protocols
    • This name TCP/IP is misleading because TCP and IP are only two of the many protocols that compose the suite
    • TCP / IP has its origins in the work done by the US Department of Defense.
  8. TCP / IP Layers Physical Data Link Internet Transport Application
  9. TCP / IP Suite
    • The TCP / IP suite does not define any specific protocols at the data link and physical layers
  10. Application Layer
    • The Application layer is equivalent to the combined OSI Session, Presentation, and Application layers
    • All the functions handled by these 3 layers in the OSI model are handled by the Application layer in TCP / IP model
  11. Application Layer
    • This layer contains all the higher-level protocols
      • FTP – File Transfer Protocol – basic file transfer between hosts (computers)
      • SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (for email)
      • HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (for web browsing)
    • Data unit created at this layer is called a message
  12. Encapsulation of Data
    • TCP/IP protocol suite encapsulates data units at various layers of the model
    • At the Application layer, the data unit created is called a message .
    • The Transport layer adds a header to form either a segment with TCP.
    • The Network (or Internet) layer adds another header to form a datagram
  13. Encapsulation of Data
    • Datagram – A self-contained message unit which contains sufficient information to allow it to be routed from the source to the destination
    • The protocol used at the data link layer encapsulates the datagram into a frame and this is transmitted across the transmission medium.
  14. Transport Layer - UDP
    • This layer is represented by two protocols – TCP and UDP
      • TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
      • UDP – User Datagram Protocol
    • UDP is simpler but is used when reliability and security are less important than size and speed – such as speech, video
    • Since security and reliability are essential for most applications, TCP is used more often
  15. Transport Layer - TCP
    • TCP is a reliable connection-oriented protocol
    • Allows error-free transmission
    • Incoming byte stream is fragmented into a number of shorter messages and these are passed on to the next layer
    • At the receiving end the TCP reassembles the messages into an output stream
    • TCP also handles flow control – to control data transfer rate
  16. Transport Layer - TCP
    • A connection must be established between the sender and the receiver before transmission begins
    • TCP creates a circuit between sender and receiver for the duration of the transmission
    • TCP begins each transmission by alerting the receiver that segments are on their way (connection establishment).
    • Each transmission is ended with connection termination
  17. Transport Layer - TCP
    • Each segment created by TCP includes
      • A sequencing number for re-ordering after receipt.
      • An acknowledgement ID number
      • Source address
      • Destination address
      • Checksum – for error detection
      • Data
      • And other fields
  18. Internetwork or Network Layer
    • Also referred to as Network Layer or Internetwork Layer
    • Internetwork Protocol (IP) is an unreliable and connectionless protocol
    • It offers a best–effort delivery service
      • No error checking
      • IP does its best to get a transmission through to its destination but with no guarantees
      • Noise can cause bit errors during transmission
      • Datagrams maybe discarded due to timeout errors
      • Example of best-effort delivery service is: post-office
  19. Internetwork or Network Layer
    • IP transports data in packets called datagrams
    • Each datagram is transported separately
    • Datagrams can be of variable lengths (upto 64 KB)
    • Datagrams may travel along different routes and may arrive out of sequence
    • IP does not keep track of the routes
    • IP does not have the facility to reorder datagrams once they arrive
    • A datagram contains a header and data
    • The header contains a number of fields including source and destination address
  20. Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP Models
    • The OSI model makes a clear distinction between services, interfaces and protocols
      • Each layer performs some service for the layer above it
      • A layer’s interface tells the processes above it how to access it. It specifies what the parameters are and what results to expect (somewhat like a function declaration)
      • The protocols used in a layer are used to get the job done.
  21. Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP Models
    • The OSI model has 7 layers while the TCP/ IP model has 5 layers
    • Both have network, transport, and application layers, but the other layers are different
    • OSI model supports both connectionless and connection-oriented communication
    • TCP/IP supports only connectionless communication
  22. References
    • “ Computer Networks”,
      • Tanenbaum A (PHI)
    • “ Data Communications and Networking”,
      • Forouzan B (TMH)
    • “ Local Area Networks”,
      • Keiser (TMH)
  23. Thank You

+ Mukesh TekwaniMukesh Tekwani, 2 years ago

custom

6566 views, 3 favs, 2 embeds more stats

TCP-IP Reference Model

More info about this document

© All Rights Reserved

Go to text version

  • Total Views 6566
    • 6552 on SlideShare
    • 14 from embeds
  • Comments 1
  • Favorites 3
  • Downloads 297
Most viewed embeds
  • 10 views on http://bsc-it-compsc.blogspot.com
  • 4 views on http://wstics.wordpress.com

more

All embeds
  • 10 views on http://bsc-it-compsc.blogspot.com
  • 4 views on http://wstics.wordpress.com

less

Flagged as inappropriate Flag as inappropriate
Flag as inappropriate

Select your reason for flagging this presentation as inappropriate. If needed, use the feedback form to let us know more details.

Cancel
File a copyright complaint
Having problems? Go to our helpdesk?

Categories