Cellular Presentation

What the Cell?

Cell
Cell - smallest, independent unit of life!
- made up of organelles – nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, etc.

1. Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane – surrounds the entire cell.
- “Semi-permeable” – lets only certain materials into and out of cell.
- Lipid “Bilayer” -
2 layers of lipids.
Proteins Lipids Receptors

2. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm – fluid “jelly” material that fills the cell.
- made up mostly of water !

3. Nucleus
Nucleus – controls all activities of the cell.
- contains chromosomes & DNA.
- in charge of cell division
Nucleus

4. Mitochondria
Mitochondria – makes the cell’s ATP (energy).
- Carries out Cellular Respiration .

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
E.R. – pathways which transport and make materials.
- Rough ER – has ribosomes.
- Smooth ER – no ribosomes.

6. Ribosome
Ribosome – synthesizes proteins for the cell.
- can be attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
or “free” floating in the cytoplasm.

7. Vacuole
Vacuole – “sack” that stores materials.
a. Food vacuole – stores food
b. Contractile vacuole – pumps water out

8. Golgi Bodies
Golgi Bodies – package and ship materials around cell.

9. Lysosome
Lysosome – “ sack ” containing digestive enzymes.
- destroys wastes, food, bacteria, etc.

Plant Cells Vs. Animal Cells

Plant Cells
1. Cell wall – provide support and protection for the cell.
- lies OUTSIDE cell membrane.
- makes plant cells box or diamond shaped.
Cell wall “outer layer”

2. Chloroplast – uses energy from the sun to make simple sugars (glucose).
- contain chlorophyll which captures sunlight.
- carries out photosynthesis :
6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 ------> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2
( water ) ( carbon dioxide ) ( glucose ) ( oxygen )

Central (Large) Vacuole – large vacuole found in the center of most plant cells.
- stores water and sap (food).

Animal Cells
Centriole – cylindrical “sticks” that help in cellular division.

Small Vacuoles – small storage vesicles found throughout the animal cell.
- animal cells tend to have many small vacuoles to store food, water, or wastes .
Small Vacuole

Single-Celled Vs. Multicellular
Single-cell – organisms that are made of only one cell.
- capable of metabolism and homeostasis.
Ex: bacteria, paramecium, etc.

Multicellular – organisms that are made up of many, many cells.
- Tissues – group of cells working together.
- Organs – group of tissues working together. (Ex: Stomach)
- Organ systems – group of organs working together. (Ex: Digestive)
Ex: Humans, plants, animals

Multicellular Organization Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

Microscopy and Cell Theory Microscopy and Cell Theory

- allows light to pass through specimen and uses two lenses to form an image.
- paves the way for cell theory .
- can observe LIVING specimens.

Compound Light Microscope

Electron Microscope
Observe specimens 1000X smaller than light microscopes.
- uses a beam of electrons.
- can NOT observe living specimens.

Cell Theory
Cell Theory:
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells arise from previous cells.

Cellular Presentation

by ACKademic

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