SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 59
Download to read offline
THE AMERICAN JOURNEY
A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES
Brief Sixth Edition

Chapter

11

Slavery and the Old
South
1800-1860

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Slavery and the Old South
1800-1860
•
•
•
•
•

The Lower South
The Upper South
Slave Life and Culture
Free Society
Conclusion

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The above scene is of a slave auction in Richmond,
Virginia.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
• How did the increasing demand for cotton
shape the development of slavery in the
Lower South?
• What caused the decline of slavery after
1800 in the Upper South?
• What was life like for African American
slaves in the first half of the nineteenth
century?
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives (cont'd)
• How was free society in the South
structured?
• How did the southern defense of slavery
change between the early nineteenth
century and the 1850s?

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Lower South

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Lower South
• The American South held incomparable
natural advantages for growing cotton.
Ambitious white southerners exploited
these advantages, as cotton production
and slavery went hand in hand.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cotton and Slaves
• After the 1790s, cotton production
boomed. While cotton required significant
labor, slaves also cultivated corn and
performed other tasks.
• Large plantations specializing in a cash
crop and employing 20 slaves or more
were the leading economic institutions of
the Lower South.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cotton and Slaves (cont'd)
• By 1850, the Lower South plantations
were larger and more specialized than
those in other areas of the South.
 Gang system
- The organization and supervision of slave field
hands into working teams on southern
plantations.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
MAP 11–1 The Spread of Slavery: New Slave
States Entering the Union, 1800–1850.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 11–1 U.S. Cotton Production, 1800–
1860

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Profits of Slavery
• The profitability of slavery rested on the
demand for cotton outside the South
which grew at an annual rate of 5 percent
between 1800 and 1850.
• British textile mills were the largest market
for southern cotton but continental Europe
and the United States increased in
importance after 1840.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Profits of Slavery (cont'd)
• Southern law defined slaves as chattel
and the internal slave trade was large and
profitable.
• The planters of the Lower South resisted
urbanization and industrialization as
threats to slavery.
• Urban slaves were artisans, semi-skilled
workers, and domestics.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Like most slave traders, Thomas Griggs of
Charleston offered cash for ill slaves he purchased.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Upper South

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
A Period of Economic Adjustment
• In the 1820s and 1830s, the Upper South
was characterized by exhausted fields and
depopulation.
• Agricultural reform, led by Edmund Ruffin,
promoted more effective methods of soil
fertilization, and cultivation. Crop
diversification also helped revive the
economy.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
A Period of Economic Adjustment
(cont'd)
• Urbanization in the Upper South was
much less than in the North but much
greater than in the Lower South.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
MAP 11–2 Cotton and Other Crops in the South,
1860

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
BMW employees on an assembly line in Greer,
South Carolina.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Slaves working in a cotton field under the
supervision of a white overseer, shown here mounted
on his horse.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Decline of Slavery
• In the Border South, the decline of slavery
was most evident. In other areas of the
Upper South, slavery was stable with
growth evident only in Arkansas.
• The Upper South acted as a slave
exporter to the Lower South, accelerating
the decline of slavery in the upper region.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Decline of Slavery (cont'd)
• Crop diversification also contributed to the
decline of slavery as did the cheapness
and availability of free labor.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 11–2 The Changing Regional Pattern of
Slavery in the South, 1800–1860

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
This illustration shows professional slave traders
driving a chained group of slaves, known as a coffle,
to prospective buyers in the Lower South.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Slave Life and Culture

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Work Routines and Living Conditions
• Slave codes passed by each southern
state defined the status of slaves and the
rights of masters.
• Planters provided slaves with the bare
necessities of life. The slave diet of
cornmeal and salt pork was nutritionally
deficient. Slaves received two sets of
coarse clothing and lived in small cabins.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Work Routines and Living Conditions
(cont'd)
• Slaves worked from sunup to sundown.
Approximately 15 to 20 percent of slaves
were servants or skilled artisans.
• Almost 75 percent of slaves worked on
plantations or medium-sized farms.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Work Routines and Living Conditions
(cont'd)
 Slave codes
- Sometimes known as “black codes.” A series of
laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in the
late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to
define the status of slaves and codify the denial of
basic civil rights to them. Also, after American
independence and before the Civil War, state
laws in the South defining slaves as property and
specifying the legal powers of masters over
slaves.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
This scene of slaves standing in a dirt lane flanked
by the slave cabins on a South Carolina plantation in
Hilton Head was captured by a Union photographer
in 1862.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Especially on large plantations, slave
nursemaids cared for the young children in
the white planter’s family.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Families and Religion
 The family was the core institution of slave life
and despite the various obstacles, slaves
created lasting relationships and a supportive
moral code for families.
 Both parents were present in about two-thirds
of slave families but sale of a spouse or child
was always a threat. Extensive kinship ties
helped support the slave family.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Families and Religion (cont'd)
 Slave religion was based on African traditions
and no more than 30 percent of slaves
converted to Christianity.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
This antislavery painting sought to expose how the
unchecked power of slaveowners resulted in the
physical beating and sexual abuse of their slaves.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Resistance
• Open resistance to slavery was futile.
Ultimately, slave rebellions failed.
• Escape to freedom was also rare. The
Underground Railroad helped many
slaves escape but these represented a
small proportion of the total slave
population.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Resistance (cont’d)
• Most slave resistance involved
malingering at work, abusing farm
animals, losing tools, stealing, and arson.
 Gabriel Prosser’s Rebellion
- Slave revolt that failed when Gabriel Prosser, a
slave preacher and blacksmith, organized a
thousand slaves for an attack on Richmond,
Virginia, in 1800. A thunderstorm upset the timing
of the attack, and a slave informer alerted the
whites. Prosser and twenty-five of his followers
were executed.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Resistance (cont’d)
 Denmark Vesey’s Conspiracy
- The most carefully devised slave revolt, named
after its leader, a free black in Charleston. The
rebels planned to seize control of Charleston in
1822 and escape to freedom in Haiti, a free black
republic, but they were betrayed by other slaves,
and seventy-five conspirators were executed.

 Nat Turner’s Rebellion
- Uprising of slaves in Southampton County,
Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner
that resulted in the death of fifty-five whites.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Resistance (cont’d)
 Underground Railroad
- Support system set up by antislavery groups in
the Upper South and the North to assist fugitive
slaves in escaping the South.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
This contemporary woodcut of Nat Turner’s
Rebellion depicts the fervency of both the actions of
the slaves and the response of the whites.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Harriet “Moses” Tubman

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Free Society

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Slaveholding Minority
• In 1860, the wealthiest planters
constituted less than one percent of
southern white families.
• Most planters lived in drab log cabins.
• The wives of planters were expected to
help supervise the slaves and run the
plantations.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Slaveholding Minority (cont'd)
• Small slaveholders were generally
younger than planters and a diverse in
background and gender. They had little
economic security but owning slaves was
a precondition to upward mobility.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Structure of Free Society in the South,
c. 1860

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Reflecting the ideal of patriarchy, this portrait, c.
1858, projects the colonel as a figure of power and
authority.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The White Majority
• Seventy-five percent of southern white
families did not own slaves in 1860.
• Most southerners were yeoman farmers
who worked their land with family labor.
They were very mobile but quickly formed
localized societies.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The White Majority (cont'd)
• Clashes between yeoman farmers and
planters generally were over economic
issues, including banks and credit.
• Around 15 percent of southern rural white
families did not own land.
• Nonslaveholders were a growing majority
in southern cities.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Free Black People
• Free African Americans constituted a
small minority of the southern population
and were denied many rights by black
codes.
• Eighty percent of free African Americans
lived in the Upper South and one third
lived in cities. Most were confined to the
lowest level jobs.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Free Black People (cont'd)
• Free, urban African Americans developed
communities based on the church and
mutual aid associations. Education was
highly regarded.
• Most of the very small free black
population in the Lower South were
descendants of black emigrants who fled
Haiti.
The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Free Black People (cont'd)
 Black codes
- Laws passed by states and municipalities denying
many rights of citizenship to free blacks before the
Civil War. Also, during the Reconstruction era,
laws passed by newly elected southern state
legislatures to control black labor, mobility, and
employment.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 11–3 Slave, Free Black, and White
Population in Southern States, 1850

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Barbering was one of the
skilled trades open to black
men during the antebellum
years.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Pro-Slavery Argument

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The Pro-Slavery Argument
• Beginning in the 1830s, southerners
responded to Nat Turner’s rebellion and
northern abolitionist attacks by launching
strong efforts to defend slavery.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Religious Arguments
• Evangelical religious leaders led the
defense of slavery and saw slavery as a
positive good.
• The biblical defense of slavery was less
popular than arguments on the inferiority
of black people.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Racial Arguments
• More common than the biblical defense of
slavery was the racial argument that
blacks were unfit for freedom.
• Another egalitarian argument was that
slavery spared the nonslaveholding
majority from employment at the most
menial tasks.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Printed label from the 1850s for a box
of cigars

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Conclusion

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Conclusion
• Slavery and a biracial social order defined
the South as a distinctive region.
• After 1830, the spread of slavery
throughout the Lower South depended the
commitment to the institution while
northern abolitionist attacks stimulated a
strong defense of slavery.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Conclusion (cont'd)
• In the 1850s, the number of slaveholders
declined and slavery was shrinking in the
Upper South leading to some southern
attacks on the institutions and a belief
among some planters that the South
should become a separate nation.

The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition
Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger

Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.

More Related Content

What's hot

American Imperialism
American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism
American Imperialismdvallera
 
Social Impact of WWII
Social Impact of WWIISocial Impact of WWII
Social Impact of WWIIkbeacom
 
Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812
Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812
Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812Sandra Waters
 
US History Ch. 4 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 4 Section 1 NotesUS History Ch. 4 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 4 Section 1 Notesskorbar7
 
US History Ch. 8 Section 2 Notes
US History Ch. 8 Section 2 NotesUS History Ch. 8 Section 2 Notes
US History Ch. 8 Section 2 Notesskorbar7
 
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American War
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American WarManifest Destiny and the Mexican American War
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American Warreghistory
 
Chapter 20: Immigrants and Urban Life
Chapter 20: Immigrants and Urban LifeChapter 20: Immigrants and Urban Life
Chapter 20: Immigrants and Urban Lifeldaill
 
USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...
USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...
USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...Umesh Heendeniya
 
The Failure of Reconstuction
The Failure of ReconstuctionThe Failure of Reconstuction
The Failure of Reconstuctiondwessler
 
Homestead strike
Homestead strikeHomestead strike
Homestead strikejdmstewart
 
撒母耳記上 第9章 生命中的偶然與必然
撒母耳記上 第9章  生命中的偶然與必然撒母耳記上 第9章  生命中的偶然與必然
撒母耳記上 第9章 生命中的偶然與必然Jian-Yu Fisher Ke
 
March On Washington
March On WashingtonMarch On Washington
March On Washingtonluke.goodwin
 
US History Ch. 21 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 21 Section 1 NotesUS History Ch. 21 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 21 Section 1 Notesskorbar7
 
Historia de polonia IV
Historia de polonia IVHistoria de polonia IV
Historia de polonia IVsiltomc
 

What's hot (20)

American Imperialism
American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism
American Imperialism
 
Social Impact of WWII
Social Impact of WWIISocial Impact of WWII
Social Impact of WWII
 
Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812
Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812
Chapter 3 jefferson and war of 1812
 
The industrial revolution
The industrial revolutionThe industrial revolution
The industrial revolution
 
US History Ch. 4 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 4 Section 1 NotesUS History Ch. 4 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 4 Section 1 Notes
 
US History Ch. 8 Section 2 Notes
US History Ch. 8 Section 2 NotesUS History Ch. 8 Section 2 Notes
US History Ch. 8 Section 2 Notes
 
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American War
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American WarManifest Destiny and the Mexican American War
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American War
 
Unit 1 notes (the gilded age)
Unit 1 notes (the gilded age)Unit 1 notes (the gilded age)
Unit 1 notes (the gilded age)
 
Chapter 20: Immigrants and Urban Life
Chapter 20: Immigrants and Urban LifeChapter 20: Immigrants and Urban Life
Chapter 20: Immigrants and Urban Life
 
Chapter 14
Chapter 14Chapter 14
Chapter 14
 
Chapter 10
Chapter 10Chapter 10
Chapter 10
 
Juan Pablo Duarte
Juan Pablo DuarteJuan Pablo Duarte
Juan Pablo Duarte
 
USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...
USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...
USA vs. Hossein Lahiji, Najmeh Rokhsareh Vahid Dastjerdi, Ahmad Iranshahi - O...
 
The Failure of Reconstuction
The Failure of ReconstuctionThe Failure of Reconstuction
The Failure of Reconstuction
 
Homestead act
Homestead actHomestead act
Homestead act
 
Homestead strike
Homestead strikeHomestead strike
Homestead strike
 
撒母耳記上 第9章 生命中的偶然與必然
撒母耳記上 第9章  生命中的偶然與必然撒母耳記上 第9章  生命中的偶然與必然
撒母耳記上 第9章 生命中的偶然與必然
 
March On Washington
March On WashingtonMarch On Washington
March On Washington
 
US History Ch. 21 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 21 Section 1 NotesUS History Ch. 21 Section 1 Notes
US History Ch. 21 Section 1 Notes
 
Historia de polonia IV
Historia de polonia IVHistoria de polonia IV
Historia de polonia IV
 

Viewers also liked

Slave routine
Slave routine Slave routine
Slave routine mmss04
 
Southern Plantations & Slavery
Southern Plantations & Slavery Southern Plantations & Slavery
Southern Plantations & Slavery youngie26
 
Slavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updated
Slavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updatedSlavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updated
Slavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updatedsgiaco01
 
The Legislative Branch
The Legislative Branch The Legislative Branch
The Legislative Branch msross9
 
Slavery in America
Slavery in AmericaSlavery in America
Slavery in Americaladonnahall5
 
Hogan's History- Tensions Over Slavery
Hogan's History- Tensions Over SlaveryHogan's History- Tensions Over Slavery
Hogan's History- Tensions Over SlaveryWilliam Hogan
 
Plantation life
Plantation lifePlantation life
Plantation lifeIVIBaneIVI
 
Human trafficking posted version march 2016
Human trafficking posted version march 2016Human trafficking posted version march 2016
Human trafficking posted version march 2016Les Ford
 
13 3 the slave system
13 3 the slave system13 3 the slave system
13 3 the slave systemspeharn
 
Top 10 Blacks
Top 10 BlacksTop 10 Blacks
Top 10 Blacksjaloisi
 
Anti slavery rebellions - nat turner
Anti slavery rebellions - nat turnerAnti slavery rebellions - nat turner
Anti slavery rebellions - nat turnerRhiana Prendergast
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Daily life of a slave
Daily life of a slaveDaily life of a slave
Daily life of a slave
 
Slave routine
Slave routine Slave routine
Slave routine
 
Antebellum south
Antebellum southAntebellum south
Antebellum south
 
Slavery In The South
Slavery In The SouthSlavery In The South
Slavery In The South
 
Southern Plantations & Slavery
Southern Plantations & Slavery Southern Plantations & Slavery
Southern Plantations & Slavery
 
Slavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updated
Slavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updatedSlavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updated
Slavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updated
 
The Legislative Branch
The Legislative Branch The Legislative Branch
The Legislative Branch
 
Slavery in America
Slavery in AmericaSlavery in America
Slavery in America
 
Hogan's History- Tensions Over Slavery
Hogan's History- Tensions Over SlaveryHogan's History- Tensions Over Slavery
Hogan's History- Tensions Over Slavery
 
Plantation life
Plantation lifePlantation life
Plantation life
 
Slavery Conflict
Slavery ConflictSlavery Conflict
Slavery Conflict
 
Antebellum America
Antebellum AmericaAntebellum America
Antebellum America
 
ACT Review
ACT ReviewACT Review
ACT Review
 
Human trafficking posted version march 2016
Human trafficking posted version march 2016Human trafficking posted version march 2016
Human trafficking posted version march 2016
 
13 3 the slave system
13 3 the slave system13 3 the slave system
13 3 the slave system
 
Slavery
SlaverySlavery
Slavery
 
Chapter 13 the south
Chapter 13 the southChapter 13 the south
Chapter 13 the south
 
Top 10 Blacks
Top 10 BlacksTop 10 Blacks
Top 10 Blacks
 
Anti slavery rebellions - nat turner
Anti slavery rebellions - nat turnerAnti slavery rebellions - nat turner
Anti slavery rebellions - nat turner
 
Slavery essay
Slavery essaySlavery essay
Slavery essay
 

Similar to Slavery Slideshow Chapter 11

Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16
Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16
Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16msross9
 
The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow Chapter 14
The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow  Chapter 14The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow  Chapter 14
The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow Chapter 14msross9
 
Slideshow Chapter 5
Slideshow Chapter 5Slideshow Chapter 5
Slideshow Chapter 5msross9
 
Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4msross9
 
Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4msross9
 
Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15
Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15
Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15msross9
 
Chapter 7 Slideshow
Chapter 7 Slideshow Chapter 7 Slideshow
Chapter 7 Slideshow msross9
 
Chapter 6 Slideshow
Chapter 6 SlideshowChapter 6 Slideshow
Chapter 6 Slideshowmsross9
 
Chapter 1 powerpoint
Chapter 1 powerpointChapter 1 powerpoint
Chapter 1 powerpointSethDeRose
 
Hamburger Hill Research Paper
Hamburger Hill Research PaperHamburger Hill Research Paper
Hamburger Hill Research PaperJennifer Slattery
 
Consequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growthConsequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growthphillipgrogers
 
Consequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growthConsequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growthphillipgrogers
 
8 settling the west
8 settling the west8 settling the west
8 settling the weststacey12130
 
Ch. 13 notes section1
Ch. 13 notes section1Ch. 13 notes section1
Ch. 13 notes section1sgiaco01
 
Closing thewesternfrontier
Closing thewesternfrontierClosing thewesternfrontier
Closing thewesternfrontierKevenCassidy1
 
Settling the west(full ppt)
Settling the west(full ppt)Settling the west(full ppt)
Settling the west(full ppt)crw2573
 
Settling the West
Settling the WestSettling the West
Settling the WestMr. Finnie
 
Native americans and european settlers
Native americans and european settlersNative americans and european settlers
Native americans and european settlersmebrubak
 
SMA Ellis Island
SMA Ellis IslandSMA Ellis Island
SMA Ellis Islandstmota
 

Similar to Slavery Slideshow Chapter 11 (20)

Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16
Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16
Reconstruction Slideshow Chapter 16
 
The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow Chapter 14
The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow  Chapter 14The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow  Chapter 14
The Politics of Sectionalism Slideshow Chapter 14
 
Slideshow Chapter 5
Slideshow Chapter 5Slideshow Chapter 5
Slideshow Chapter 5
 
Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4
 
Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4Slideshow: Chapter 4
Slideshow: Chapter 4
 
Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15
Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15
Events of the Civil War Slideshow Chapter 15
 
Chapter 7 Slideshow
Chapter 7 Slideshow Chapter 7 Slideshow
Chapter 7 Slideshow
 
Chapter 6 Slideshow
Chapter 6 SlideshowChapter 6 Slideshow
Chapter 6 Slideshow
 
Chapter 1 powerpoint
Chapter 1 powerpointChapter 1 powerpoint
Chapter 1 powerpoint
 
Hamburger Hill Research Paper
Hamburger Hill Research PaperHamburger Hill Research Paper
Hamburger Hill Research Paper
 
Consequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growthConsequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growth
 
Consequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growthConsequences of american industrial growth
Consequences of american industrial growth
 
Teacher Notes MODULE 11.pptx
Teacher Notes MODULE 11.pptxTeacher Notes MODULE 11.pptx
Teacher Notes MODULE 11.pptx
 
8 settling the west
8 settling the west8 settling the west
8 settling the west
 
Ch. 13 notes section1
Ch. 13 notes section1Ch. 13 notes section1
Ch. 13 notes section1
 
Closing thewesternfrontier
Closing thewesternfrontierClosing thewesternfrontier
Closing thewesternfrontier
 
Settling the west(full ppt)
Settling the west(full ppt)Settling the west(full ppt)
Settling the west(full ppt)
 
Settling the West
Settling the WestSettling the West
Settling the West
 
Native americans and european settlers
Native americans and european settlersNative americans and european settlers
Native americans and european settlers
 
SMA Ellis Island
SMA Ellis IslandSMA Ellis Island
SMA Ellis Island
 

Recently uploaded

UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISINGUNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISINGlokeshwarmaha
 
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsEntrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsP&CO
 
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...Brian Solis
 
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing ExamplesIntellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing Examplesamberjiles31
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentationbaron83
 
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...ISONIKELtd
 
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdfPDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdfHajeJanKamps
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003believeminhh
 
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsFabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsWristbands Ireland
 
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptxIntroduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptxJemalSeid25
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
Scrum Events & How to run them effectively
Scrum Events & How to run them effectivelyScrum Events & How to run them effectively
Scrum Events & How to run them effectivelyMarianna Nakou
 
Cracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptx
Cracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptxCracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptx
Cracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
Project Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture ReportProject Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture Reportamberjiles31
 
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the companyAmazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the companyfashionfound007
 
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfGraham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfAnhNguyen97152
 
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptxHELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptxHelene Heckrotte
 
Chapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptx
Chapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptxChapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptx
Chapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptxesiyasmengesha
 
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês  em formato pptPlano de marketing- inglês  em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato pptElizangelaSoaresdaCo
 

Recently uploaded (20)

UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISINGUNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
 
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsEntrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
 
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
 
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing ExamplesIntellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
 
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
 
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdfPDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
 
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsFabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
 
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptxIntroduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
 
Scrum Events & How to run them effectively
Scrum Events & How to run them effectivelyScrum Events & How to run them effectively
Scrum Events & How to run them effectively
 
Cracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptx
Cracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptxCracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptx
Cracking the ‘Business Process Outsourcing’ Code Main.pptx
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
 
Project Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture ReportProject Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture Report
 
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the companyAmazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
 
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfGraham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
 
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptxHELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
 
Chapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptx
Chapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptxChapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptx
Chapter_Five_The_Rural_Development_Policies_and_Strategy_of_Ethiopia.pptx
 
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês  em formato pptPlano de marketing- inglês  em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato ppt
 

Slavery Slideshow Chapter 11

  • 1. THE AMERICAN JOURNEY A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Brief Sixth Edition Chapter 11 Slavery and the Old South 1800-1860 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 2. Slavery and the Old South 1800-1860 • • • • • The Lower South The Upper South Slave Life and Culture Free Society Conclusion The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 3. The above scene is of a slave auction in Richmond, Virginia. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 4. Learning Objectives • How did the increasing demand for cotton shape the development of slavery in the Lower South? • What caused the decline of slavery after 1800 in the Upper South? • What was life like for African American slaves in the first half of the nineteenth century? The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 5. Learning Objectives (cont'd) • How was free society in the South structured? • How did the southern defense of slavery change between the early nineteenth century and the 1850s? The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 6. The Lower South The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 7. The Lower South • The American South held incomparable natural advantages for growing cotton. Ambitious white southerners exploited these advantages, as cotton production and slavery went hand in hand. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 8. Cotton and Slaves • After the 1790s, cotton production boomed. While cotton required significant labor, slaves also cultivated corn and performed other tasks. • Large plantations specializing in a cash crop and employing 20 slaves or more were the leading economic institutions of the Lower South. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 9. Cotton and Slaves (cont'd) • By 1850, the Lower South plantations were larger and more specialized than those in other areas of the South.  Gang system - The organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 10. MAP 11–1 The Spread of Slavery: New Slave States Entering the Union, 1800–1850. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 11. FIGURE 11–1 U.S. Cotton Production, 1800– 1860 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 12. The Profits of Slavery • The profitability of slavery rested on the demand for cotton outside the South which grew at an annual rate of 5 percent between 1800 and 1850. • British textile mills were the largest market for southern cotton but continental Europe and the United States increased in importance after 1840. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 13. The Profits of Slavery (cont'd) • Southern law defined slaves as chattel and the internal slave trade was large and profitable. • The planters of the Lower South resisted urbanization and industrialization as threats to slavery. • Urban slaves were artisans, semi-skilled workers, and domestics. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 14. Like most slave traders, Thomas Griggs of Charleston offered cash for ill slaves he purchased. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 15. The Upper South The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 16. A Period of Economic Adjustment • In the 1820s and 1830s, the Upper South was characterized by exhausted fields and depopulation. • Agricultural reform, led by Edmund Ruffin, promoted more effective methods of soil fertilization, and cultivation. Crop diversification also helped revive the economy. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 17. A Period of Economic Adjustment (cont'd) • Urbanization in the Upper South was much less than in the North but much greater than in the Lower South. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 18. MAP 11–2 Cotton and Other Crops in the South, 1860 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 19. BMW employees on an assembly line in Greer, South Carolina. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 20. Slaves working in a cotton field under the supervision of a white overseer, shown here mounted on his horse. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 21. The Decline of Slavery • In the Border South, the decline of slavery was most evident. In other areas of the Upper South, slavery was stable with growth evident only in Arkansas. • The Upper South acted as a slave exporter to the Lower South, accelerating the decline of slavery in the upper region. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 22. The Decline of Slavery (cont'd) • Crop diversification also contributed to the decline of slavery as did the cheapness and availability of free labor. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 23. FIGURE 11–2 The Changing Regional Pattern of Slavery in the South, 1800–1860 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 24. This illustration shows professional slave traders driving a chained group of slaves, known as a coffle, to prospective buyers in the Lower South. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 25. Slave Life and Culture The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 26. Work Routines and Living Conditions • Slave codes passed by each southern state defined the status of slaves and the rights of masters. • Planters provided slaves with the bare necessities of life. The slave diet of cornmeal and salt pork was nutritionally deficient. Slaves received two sets of coarse clothing and lived in small cabins. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 27. Work Routines and Living Conditions (cont'd) • Slaves worked from sunup to sundown. Approximately 15 to 20 percent of slaves were servants or skilled artisans. • Almost 75 percent of slaves worked on plantations or medium-sized farms. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 28. Work Routines and Living Conditions (cont'd)  Slave codes - Sometimes known as “black codes.” A series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to define the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them. Also, after American independence and before the Civil War, state laws in the South defining slaves as property and specifying the legal powers of masters over slaves. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 29. This scene of slaves standing in a dirt lane flanked by the slave cabins on a South Carolina plantation in Hilton Head was captured by a Union photographer in 1862. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 30. Especially on large plantations, slave nursemaids cared for the young children in the white planter’s family. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 31. Families and Religion  The family was the core institution of slave life and despite the various obstacles, slaves created lasting relationships and a supportive moral code for families.  Both parents were present in about two-thirds of slave families but sale of a spouse or child was always a threat. Extensive kinship ties helped support the slave family. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 32. Families and Religion (cont'd)  Slave religion was based on African traditions and no more than 30 percent of slaves converted to Christianity. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 33. This antislavery painting sought to expose how the unchecked power of slaveowners resulted in the physical beating and sexual abuse of their slaves. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 34. Resistance • Open resistance to slavery was futile. Ultimately, slave rebellions failed. • Escape to freedom was also rare. The Underground Railroad helped many slaves escape but these represented a small proportion of the total slave population. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 35. Resistance (cont’d) • Most slave resistance involved malingering at work, abusing farm animals, losing tools, stealing, and arson.  Gabriel Prosser’s Rebellion - Slave revolt that failed when Gabriel Prosser, a slave preacher and blacksmith, organized a thousand slaves for an attack on Richmond, Virginia, in 1800. A thunderstorm upset the timing of the attack, and a slave informer alerted the whites. Prosser and twenty-five of his followers were executed. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 36. Resistance (cont’d)  Denmark Vesey’s Conspiracy - The most carefully devised slave revolt, named after its leader, a free black in Charleston. The rebels planned to seize control of Charleston in 1822 and escape to freedom in Haiti, a free black republic, but they were betrayed by other slaves, and seventy-five conspirators were executed.  Nat Turner’s Rebellion - Uprising of slaves in Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner that resulted in the death of fifty-five whites. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 37. Resistance (cont’d)  Underground Railroad - Support system set up by antislavery groups in the Upper South and the North to assist fugitive slaves in escaping the South. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 38. This contemporary woodcut of Nat Turner’s Rebellion depicts the fervency of both the actions of the slaves and the response of the whites. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 39. Harriet “Moses” Tubman The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 40. Free Society The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 41. The Slaveholding Minority • In 1860, the wealthiest planters constituted less than one percent of southern white families. • Most planters lived in drab log cabins. • The wives of planters were expected to help supervise the slaves and run the plantations. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 42. The Slaveholding Minority (cont'd) • Small slaveholders were generally younger than planters and a diverse in background and gender. They had little economic security but owning slaves was a precondition to upward mobility. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 43. Structure of Free Society in the South, c. 1860 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 44. Reflecting the ideal of patriarchy, this portrait, c. 1858, projects the colonel as a figure of power and authority. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 45. The White Majority • Seventy-five percent of southern white families did not own slaves in 1860. • Most southerners were yeoman farmers who worked their land with family labor. They were very mobile but quickly formed localized societies. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 46. The White Majority (cont'd) • Clashes between yeoman farmers and planters generally were over economic issues, including banks and credit. • Around 15 percent of southern rural white families did not own land. • Nonslaveholders were a growing majority in southern cities. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 47. Free Black People • Free African Americans constituted a small minority of the southern population and were denied many rights by black codes. • Eighty percent of free African Americans lived in the Upper South and one third lived in cities. Most were confined to the lowest level jobs. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 48. Free Black People (cont'd) • Free, urban African Americans developed communities based on the church and mutual aid associations. Education was highly regarded. • Most of the very small free black population in the Lower South were descendants of black emigrants who fled Haiti. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 49. Free Black People (cont'd)  Black codes - Laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free blacks before the Civil War. Also, during the Reconstruction era, laws passed by newly elected southern state legislatures to control black labor, mobility, and employment. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 50. FIGURE 11–3 Slave, Free Black, and White Population in Southern States, 1850 The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 51. Barbering was one of the skilled trades open to black men during the antebellum years. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 52. The Pro-Slavery Argument The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 53. The Pro-Slavery Argument • Beginning in the 1830s, southerners responded to Nat Turner’s rebellion and northern abolitionist attacks by launching strong efforts to defend slavery. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 54. Religious Arguments • Evangelical religious leaders led the defense of slavery and saw slavery as a positive good. • The biblical defense of slavery was less popular than arguments on the inferiority of black people. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 55. Racial Arguments • More common than the biblical defense of slavery was the racial argument that blacks were unfit for freedom. • Another egalitarian argument was that slavery spared the nonslaveholding majority from employment at the most menial tasks. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 56. Printed label from the 1850s for a box of cigars The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 57. Conclusion The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 58. Conclusion • Slavery and a biracial social order defined the South as a distinctive region. • After 1830, the spread of slavery throughout the Lower South depended the commitment to the institution while northern abolitionist attacks stimulated a strong defense of slavery. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 59. Conclusion (cont'd) • In the 1850s, the number of slaveholders declined and slavery was shrinking in the Upper South leading to some southern attacks on the institutions and a belief among some planters that the South should become a separate nation. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield • Abbott • Argersinger • DeJohn Anderson • Barney • Weir • Argersinger Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Editor's Notes

  1. {"38":"This contemporary woodcut of Nat Turner’s Rebellion depicts the fervency of both the actions of the slaves and the response of the whites.\n","44":"Colonel James A. Whiteside and his family were among the small elite of white southerners who enjoyed the wealth and ease of life on a large plantation. Reflecting the ideal of patriarchy, this portrait, c. 1858, projects the colonel as a figure of power and authority.\nJames Cameron (1817–1882), “Colonel and Mrs. James A. Whiteside, Son Charles and servants,” oil on canvas; c. 1858–1859.Hunter Museum of Art, Chattanooga, Tennessee, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Whiteside. 1975.7.\n","33":"Satirically entitled Virginian Luxuries, this antislavery painting sought to expose how the unchecked power of slaveowners resulted in the physical beating and sexual abuse of their slaves.\n","11":"FIGURE 11–1 U.S. Cotton Production, 1800–1860\nCotton production spiraled upward after 1800, and the South became the world’s leading supplier.\nData Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States (1960).\n","50":"FIGURE 11–3 Slave, Free Black, and White Population in Southern States, 1850\nExcept for Texas, slaves by 1850 comprised over 40 percent of the population in every state of the Lower South. The small population of free black people was concentrated in the Upper South.\n","39":"After fleeing from slavery in Maryland in 1849,Harriet “Moses” Tubman, standing on the left, risked reenslavement by returning to the South on several occasions to assist in the escapes of other slaves. She is photographed here with some of those she helped free.\n","56":"As this printed label from the 1850s for a box of cigars reveals, antebellum manufacturers of consumer goods produced by slave labor had every incentive to present an idealized picture of slave life in the South.\n","23":"FIGURE 11–2 The Changing Regional Pattern of Slavery in the South, 1800–1860\nAs the nineteenth century progressed, slavery increasingly became identified with the cotton-growing Lower South.\n","51":"Barbering was one of the skilled trades open to black men during the antebellum years. Several wealthy African Americans began their careers as barbers.\n","29":"This scene of slaves standing in a dirt lane flanked by the slave cabins on a South Carolina plantation in Hilton Head was captured by a Union photographer in 1862.\n","18":"MAP 11–2 Cotton and Other Crops in the South, 1860\nMost of the Upper South was outside the cotton belt, where the demand for slave labor was greatest.\n","24":"The internal slave trade was the primary means by which the slaves of the Upper South were brought into the plantation markets of the Old Southwest. This illustration shows professional slave traders driving a chained group of slaves, known as a coffle, to prospective buyers in the Lower South.\nCollection of The New-York Historical Society\n","30":"Especially on large plantations, slave nursemaids cared for the young children in the white planter’s family.\n","19":"BMW employees on an assembly line in Greer, South Carolina.\n","14":"Like most slave traders, Thomas Griggs of Charleston offered cash for ill slaves he purchased.\n","3":"The spectacle of the slave market was commonplace in the cities of the antebellum South. The above scene is of a slave auction in Richmond, Virginia.\n","20":"A common scene at harvest time in the Lower South: slaves working in a cotton field under the supervision of a white overseer, shown here mounted on his horse.\n","10":"MAP 11–1 The Spread of Slavery: New Slave States Entering the Union, 1800–1850.\nSeven slave states entered the Union after 1800 as cotton production shifted westward.\n"}