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Grammar Boot Camp


        Obstacle Course:
Fragments, Run-ons, Comma Splices
        (click mouse to proceed)
Your Mission:
 To Study Fragments
 To Study Run-ons
 To Study Comma Splices
 To Exercise your Writing Muscles


  This presentation is enhanced with “Question
   and Answer” slides. To access, simply click
   on the words that are highlighted and
   underlined.
What is a Fragment?
 A sentence fragment is an incomplete
  thought.
 Choose one of the following options to
  correct a fragment:
  1.   Connect the fragment to the sentence before
       it, or
  2.   Connect the fragment to the sentence after
       it, or
  3.   Rewrite the fragment so that it is a complete
       thought.
Fragments
Dependent Clause Fragment: Begins with a
 subordinating conjunction or a
 relative pronoun.

 Fragment:     When it is time to go home.
 Correction:   When it is time to go home, I
                will call you.
Fragments
“-ing” Fragment: Begins with a word ending in
   “-ing.”

 Fragment:     Waiting for the rain to stop.
 Correction:   Waiting for the rain to stop,
                the pedestrian sought refuge
                in the corner café.
Fragments
“To” Fragment: Begins with the word “to.”

 Fragment:      To do my best.
 Correction:    My grandfather taught me to
                 do my best.
Fragments
Added-Detail Fragment: Begins with “for
  example,” “such as,” “especially,” and similar
  transitions.

 Fragment:      Especially when the
                  vegetables are fresh.
 Correction:    I enjoy salads, especially
                 when the vegetables are
                 fresh.
What is a Run-on?
 A run-on contains two more
  independent clauses without punctuation
  signaling the end of the first clause and the
  beginning of the next clause.
 Example: Many dogs enter the contest the
  poodle is the usual winner.
What is a Comma Splice?
 A comma splice is a sentence with two or
  more independent clauses joined by only a
  comma.
 Example: The book is inspirational, it
  changed my life.
Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices:

1. Make Two Separate Sentences:

   Run-on: John mowed the lawn Alex raked
             the leaves.
   Comma Splice: John mowed the lawn, Alex raked
                    the leaves.
   Correction:     John mowed the lawn. Alex raked
                    the leaves.
   Correction:     John mowed the lawn, and Alex
                                raked the leaves.
Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices:

2. Use Comma Plus Coordinating Conjunction:

   Run-on:       Julie is not my sister she is my
                  cousin.
   Comma Splice: Julie is not my sister, she is my
                  cousin.
   Correction:   Julie is not my sister, but she is my
                  cousin.
Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices:

3. Use Semicolon to Connect the Sentences:

   Run-on:       The clown’s jumpsuit was colorful it
                  had multicolor stripes.
   Comma Splice: The clown’s jumpsuit was colorful,
                  it had multicolor stripes.
   Correction:   The clown’s jumpsuit was colorful;
                  it had multicolor stripes.
Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices:

4. Use a Conjunctive Adverb with Appropriate
   Punctuation:
   Run-on:       We joined the group for dinner we
                  did not go to the concert afterward.
   Comma Splice: We joined the group for dinner, we
                  did not go to the concert afterward.
   Correction A: We joined the group for dinner;
                  however, we did not go to the
                  concert afterward.
   Correction B: We joined the group for dinner.
                  However, we did not go to the
                  concert afterward.
Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices:

5. Use Subordination:
   Run-on:       The mother cat cleaned her
                  kittens they began to cry.
   Comma Splice: The mother cat cleaned her
                  kittens, they began to cry.
   Correction A: The mother cat cleaned her
                  kittens when they began to cry.
   Correction B: When they began to cry, the
    mother               cat cleaned her kittens.
Exercise Your Muscles:
Identify whether the following items contain
   either a fragment, run-on, or comma splice:

1. Although he had promised that he would.
2. Here comes Mr. Timmons, he’ll tell us where
   the lecture is being given.
3. Making it impossible for us to see the road.
4. I love to relax on the sandy shore of Padre
   Island it gives me a sense of peace.
Congratulations!
You have successfully completed Obstacle
  Course: Fragments, Run-ons and Comma
  Splices of Grammar Boot Camp.
Q: What is a Dependent Clause?

A: A dependent clause is a group of related
  words containing a subject and a verb; it does
  not, however, contain a complete thought.
  Thus, it cannot stand alone. For more
  information on dependent clauses, sign up for
  Building Muscle: Phrases and Clauses of
  Grammar Boot Camp.

Return to presentation.
Q: What is a Subordinating Conjunction?

A: A subordinating conjunction is a word that links
   sentence elements that are not of equal importance.
   The following is a list of common subordinating
   conjunctions:
   after              once         until
   although           since        when
   as                 that         whenever
   because            though       where
   before             till         wherever
   if                 unless       while

Return to presentation.
Q: What is a Relative Pronoun?

A: A relative pronoun is a word that relates the
  dependent clause to the independent clause
  within a sentence. The following is a list of
  relative pronouns:
  who            whoever           what
  whatever       that              whom
  whomever       whose             whichever
  which
Return to presentation.
Q: What is an Independent Clause?

A: An independent clause is a group of related
  words containing a subject, a verb, and a
  complete thought. For more information on
  independent clauses, sign up for Building
  Muscle: Phrases and Clauses of Grammar
  Boot Camp.

Return to presentation.
Q: What is a Coordinating Conjunction?

A: A coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses as well as
   other sentence elements of equal weight or function. The
   following is a list of coordinating conjunctions, commonly
   referred to as the “FANBOYS”:
   for
   and
   nor
   but           FANBOYS (taken from the first letter of each word)
   or
   yet
   so

Return to presentation.
Q: What is a Conjunctive Adverb?

A: A conjunctive adverb indicates a relation between
   independent clauses. The following is a list of
   common conjunctive adverbs:
  accordingly       consequently        indeed
  also              finally             instead
  anyway            furthermore         likewise
  as a result       hence               meanwhile
  besides           however             moreover
  certainly         incidentally        nevertheless


Return to presentation.
Q: What is a Subordinating Conjunction?

A: A subordinating conjunction is a word that links
   sentence elements that are not of equal importance.
   The following is a list of common subordinating
   conjunctions:
   after              once         until
   although           since        when
   as                 that         whenever
   because            though       where
   before             till         wherever
   if                 unless       while

Return to presentation.

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Grammar boot camp #1

  • 1. Grammar Boot Camp Obstacle Course: Fragments, Run-ons, Comma Splices (click mouse to proceed)
  • 2. Your Mission:  To Study Fragments  To Study Run-ons  To Study Comma Splices  To Exercise your Writing Muscles This presentation is enhanced with “Question and Answer” slides. To access, simply click on the words that are highlighted and underlined.
  • 3. What is a Fragment?  A sentence fragment is an incomplete thought.  Choose one of the following options to correct a fragment: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence before it, or 2. Connect the fragment to the sentence after it, or 3. Rewrite the fragment so that it is a complete thought.
  • 4. Fragments Dependent Clause Fragment: Begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun.  Fragment: When it is time to go home.  Correction: When it is time to go home, I will call you.
  • 5. Fragments “-ing” Fragment: Begins with a word ending in “-ing.”  Fragment: Waiting for the rain to stop.  Correction: Waiting for the rain to stop, the pedestrian sought refuge in the corner café.
  • 6. Fragments “To” Fragment: Begins with the word “to.”  Fragment: To do my best.  Correction: My grandfather taught me to do my best.
  • 7. Fragments Added-Detail Fragment: Begins with “for example,” “such as,” “especially,” and similar transitions.  Fragment: Especially when the vegetables are fresh.  Correction: I enjoy salads, especially when the vegetables are fresh.
  • 8. What is a Run-on?  A run-on contains two more independent clauses without punctuation signaling the end of the first clause and the beginning of the next clause.  Example: Many dogs enter the contest the poodle is the usual winner.
  • 9. What is a Comma Splice?  A comma splice is a sentence with two or more independent clauses joined by only a comma.  Example: The book is inspirational, it changed my life.
  • 10. Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices: 1. Make Two Separate Sentences:  Run-on: John mowed the lawn Alex raked the leaves.  Comma Splice: John mowed the lawn, Alex raked the leaves.  Correction: John mowed the lawn. Alex raked the leaves.  Correction: John mowed the lawn, and Alex raked the leaves.
  • 11. Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices: 2. Use Comma Plus Coordinating Conjunction:  Run-on: Julie is not my sister she is my cousin.  Comma Splice: Julie is not my sister, she is my cousin.  Correction: Julie is not my sister, but she is my cousin.
  • 12. Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices: 3. Use Semicolon to Connect the Sentences:  Run-on: The clown’s jumpsuit was colorful it had multicolor stripes.  Comma Splice: The clown’s jumpsuit was colorful, it had multicolor stripes.  Correction: The clown’s jumpsuit was colorful; it had multicolor stripes.
  • 13. Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices: 4. Use a Conjunctive Adverb with Appropriate Punctuation:  Run-on: We joined the group for dinner we did not go to the concert afterward.  Comma Splice: We joined the group for dinner, we did not go to the concert afterward.  Correction A: We joined the group for dinner; however, we did not go to the concert afterward.  Correction B: We joined the group for dinner. However, we did not go to the concert afterward.
  • 14. Correct Run-ons and Comma Splices: 5. Use Subordination:  Run-on: The mother cat cleaned her kittens they began to cry.  Comma Splice: The mother cat cleaned her kittens, they began to cry.  Correction A: The mother cat cleaned her kittens when they began to cry.  Correction B: When they began to cry, the mother cat cleaned her kittens.
  • 15. Exercise Your Muscles: Identify whether the following items contain either a fragment, run-on, or comma splice: 1. Although he had promised that he would. 2. Here comes Mr. Timmons, he’ll tell us where the lecture is being given. 3. Making it impossible for us to see the road. 4. I love to relax on the sandy shore of Padre Island it gives me a sense of peace.
  • 16. Congratulations! You have successfully completed Obstacle Course: Fragments, Run-ons and Comma Splices of Grammar Boot Camp.
  • 17. Q: What is a Dependent Clause? A: A dependent clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb; it does not, however, contain a complete thought. Thus, it cannot stand alone. For more information on dependent clauses, sign up for Building Muscle: Phrases and Clauses of Grammar Boot Camp. Return to presentation.
  • 18. Q: What is a Subordinating Conjunction? A: A subordinating conjunction is a word that links sentence elements that are not of equal importance. The following is a list of common subordinating conjunctions: after once until although since when as that whenever because though where before till wherever if unless while Return to presentation.
  • 19. Q: What is a Relative Pronoun? A: A relative pronoun is a word that relates the dependent clause to the independent clause within a sentence. The following is a list of relative pronouns: who whoever what whatever that whom whomever whose whichever which Return to presentation.
  • 20. Q: What is an Independent Clause? A: An independent clause is a group of related words containing a subject, a verb, and a complete thought. For more information on independent clauses, sign up for Building Muscle: Phrases and Clauses of Grammar Boot Camp. Return to presentation.
  • 21. Q: What is a Coordinating Conjunction? A: A coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses as well as other sentence elements of equal weight or function. The following is a list of coordinating conjunctions, commonly referred to as the “FANBOYS”: for and nor but FANBOYS (taken from the first letter of each word) or yet so Return to presentation.
  • 22. Q: What is a Conjunctive Adverb? A: A conjunctive adverb indicates a relation between independent clauses. The following is a list of common conjunctive adverbs: accordingly consequently indeed also finally instead anyway furthermore likewise as a result hence meanwhile besides however moreover certainly incidentally nevertheless Return to presentation.
  • 23. Q: What is a Subordinating Conjunction? A: A subordinating conjunction is a word that links sentence elements that are not of equal importance. The following is a list of common subordinating conjunctions: after once until although since when as that whenever because though where before till wherever if unless while Return to presentation.