Berlin 2011

DER WIENER DIOSCORIDESHistory and Relation to History of Art and Pharmacy

DIOSCORIDESabout 20 - about 70Dioscorides traveledextensively seekingmedicinal substances fromall over the Roman andGreek worldDe Materica Medica - 65 notillustrated

ÖSTERREICHISCHE NATIONAL- BIBLIOTHEKArrived inVienna 1569Purchased by MaximillianIIIn The Imperial Library in1592UNESCO ‘s Memory ofthe World 1997

COD. MED GR.1*Juliana Anacia Codex*Codex Vindobonensis*385 paintings of plants*Restored in 1405 by JohnChortamenosText by Dioscorides,Rufus, Dionysius ofPhiladelphia and NicanderGift to Anacia Juliana.

PEACOCK*In Greco-Romanmythology the Peacock isidentiﬁed with thegoddess Hera (Juno)*In Christianity thepeacock is an ancientsymbol of eternal life.*The Peacock representsthe "all-seeing" church andresurrection, renewal andimmortality

CHIRONIn Greek mythology, the centaur,Chiron, was wounded byHercules. Though he wasimmortal, it is said that heinvented medicine in order toheal himself. He taughtAsclepius the art of healing,which became the source of alldivine medical knowledgeamong the Greeks. Chiron wasalso the teacher of the hero,Achilles, who was thought tohave had some special medicalknowledge.

NIGROSabout 10 - about 40

MACHEONKnown from Homer

HERAKLEIDES OF TARENT about 125 - 75 AC physician

PAMPHILOS FROMALEXANDRIA about 50-100

MANTILASabout 150-100 AC physician

XENOKRATES AUSAPHRODISIAS About 30-80 physician

GALEN about 130 - about 200physician and philosopher

DIOSCORIDESPhysician, pharmacologistand botanist.De Materica Medica ﬁvebook study focused upon"the preparation,properties, and testing ofdrugs", became the mostcentral pharmacologicalwork in Europe and theMiddle East for the nextsixteen centuries.

CRATEUASrhizotomist, bodyphysician to MithridatesVI Eupator (120-63 B.C.)had the reputation ofknowing more aboutpoisons and theirantidotes than any oneelse

NICANDER2nd century BC, Greek poet,physician and grammarian isholding out a plant to aserpentHis treatise on snake bites ispart of the manuscriptHe wrote a number of worksboth in prose and verse, ofwhich two survive complete.The longest, Theriaca, is ahexameter poem , the other isAlexipharmaca.

APOLLONIUS MYS about 50 AC physician

RUFUS OF EPHESUSabout 80-110 was an ancientGreek pharmacologistphysician and author whowrote treatises on dietetics,pathology, anatomy, andpatient care. He was to someextent a follower ofHippocrates, although he attimes criticized or departedfrom that authors teachings.Autor of the Carmen deviribus herbarum

ANDREASabout 217 AC

Dioscorides is seated.Heuresis gives themandrake root to him.At Dioscrides feets the dogwho is dead.

Dioscorides sits wrightingin a codex on his lap.In front of Dioscorides isan artist, seated at a lowerlevel, painting anillustration of themandrake root held byEpinoia.

ANICIA JULIANA 462-527Imperial Princessin Constantinopel

The oldest dedicationminiature in existence.Anicia Juliana in the middleMagnanimity with goldcoins and Prudence with acodex.«Gratitude of the Arts» withthe feets. She and a puttohave the dedication copy. Inouter spandels puttiworking as masons andcarpenters.

THE CHURCH OFST. POLYEUCTUSThe church was built512-13 by Anacia Juliana.It was the largest church ofConstantionpel before theconstruction of the HagiaSophia.The site of the churchwas rediscovered duringexcavations in the 1960s.

The building surviveduntil the 11th century, afterwhich itfell into decay, whileseveral architecturalelements wereremoved and reused inConstantinople and othercities.The sculptures have beenremoved to the IstanbulArchaeological Museum.

HAIL, OH PRINCESS, HONORATAEEXTOLS AND GLORIFIES YOU WITH ALLFINE PRAISES: FOR MAGNANIMITY(MEGALOPSYCHIA) ALLOWS YOU TO BEMENTIONED OVER THE ENTIRE WORLD.YOU BELONG TO THE FAMILY OF THEANICII, AND YOU HAVE BUILT A TEMPLEOF THE LORD, RAISED HIGH ANDBEAUTIFUL.

BIBLIOGRAFIBrubaker, Leslie: «The Vienna Dioskorides and AniciaJuliana» i Byzantine Garden Culture, WashingtonD.C. 2002Dioscorides, Pedanius; Der Wiener Dioskurides:Codex medicus Graecus 1 und 2 AkademischeDruck-u Verlaganstalt, Graz 1998 und 1999Kiilerich, Bente; Billedet af Anicia Juliana iDioskourides-manuskriptet i Wien. Bysantinskasällskapet Bulletin 18, 2000, s.5-15

BIBLIOGRAFIKiilerich, Bente; The Image of Anicia Juliana in theVienna Dioscurides: Flattery or Appropriation ofImperial Imagery; Symbolae Osloenses 76, 2001, s.169-190http://kunsthistorie.com/fagwiki/Der_Wiener_Dioscorideshttp://kunsthistorie.com/fagwiki/Kategori:Der_Wiener_Dioscurides

THANKS! NINA ALDIN THUNEKUNSTHISTORIE.COM

Berlin 2011

by Nina Aldin Thune

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