Chapter Two, Section 2

Chapter 2, Section 2

The Reality of the H 2 the IS 0!
No freshwater, no saltwater = no life
Water supports plants, animals
Helps distribute heat on earth

Oceans and Seas
Salt water covers 71 % of planet
(60 % of Northern Hemisphere, 81% of Southern Hemisphere)
Atlantic, PACIFIC, Indian, Arctic

Ocean Motion
Salt water circulates through 3 basic motions:
Currents - act like rivers flowing through ocean
Waves - ridges produced by winds
Tides - rises and falls of the ocean created by gravitational pull of moon or the sun
Oceans help distribute heat on the planet; winds blow over ocean and are either heated or cooled by water, then blow over land, which moderate temperature of air over the land

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

Hydrologic cycle: what happens?
Water evaporates into the atmosphere from oceans, bodies of water, and plants (the water exists in atmosphere as vapor)
Vapor cools, condenses, and falls to earth as precipitation, rain, or snow
Water soaks into the ground, evaporates to the atmosphere, or flows into rivers to be recycled

Lakes, Rivers, and Streams
Lakes = 95% of all earth’s fresh water supply
Largest --Lake Baikal in Russia (totaling 18% of all freshwater on earth)
Freshwater lakes are result of glacial action thousands of years ago
Saltwater lakes result from changes in earth’s surface that cut off outlets to the sea - form when creeks and rivers carry salts, but no outlet
Largest salt lake: Caspian sea --Western Asia

Un poco mas…
Drainage basin: an area drained by a major river and its tributaries
Ground water: water held in the pores of rocks
Water table: level at which the rock is saturated - can rise or fall depending on amount of water pumped out of ground

Activity: IDENTIFY THIS and THAT
Now, turn your book to page 34 and 35. Mr. Philen is going to show you a variety of pictures of landforms, identify them…

What landforms exist in Senegal? In Africa?
How could we draw a landform map for Senegal?
What elements would we include?

Continental Landforms
Relief: difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point
Four categories: mountains, hills, plains, plateaus

Continental Landforms you need to know
Volcano -mountain
Strait -valley
Island -glacier
Cape/peninsula -cataract
Bay -canyon
Swamp -cliff
Flood/plain -plateau
Marsh -mesa
Oasis -prairie
Steppe

Oceanic Landforms
There are landforms similar to the land on the sea floor
Continental shelf - earth’s surface from edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean
Ocean floor contains ridges, valleys, canyons, plains
Longest: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Islands can form from volcanic action

Questions for thought
1) How do the winds and the ocean distribute heat on the earth’s surface?
2) Why is water such a valuable renewable resource?
3) Describe what happens with the hydrologic cycle.

Chapter Two, Section 2

by Mr. Philen

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