Delesio Antonio Berni (1905 –1981)
was a figurative artist, born in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. He worked as a painter, an illustrator and an engraver. His father, Napoleón Berni, was an immigrant tailor from Italy. In 1925 Berni was granted a scholarship to study in Europe by the Jockey Club of Rosario, and traveled to Madrid, Spain, a short time in Madrid made him realize that the source of Spanish painting was Paris, France, so he moved there but he stayed only a few months, then moved to nearby Arcueil, and then back to Argentina when his scholarship ended. He obtained a subsidy from the provincial government of Santa Fe, and returned to Paris. In Paris he became acquainted with a number of people, such as Louis Aragon, a French writer and one of the leaders of Dada and surrealism. He also befriended Henri Lefebvre, who initiated him in the reading of Karl Marx. With the combined influence of his friends in politics, and of Giorgio de Chirico's works and René Magritte in the arts, he finally embraced surrealism and Communism. He began helping Aragón in his anti-imperialist struggle in Paris. Shocked by the news of a military coup d'état in Buenos Aires; he decided to go back, and settled in the countryside, and then in Rosario, where he worked in the town hall. He organized an association of artists and students, and was briefly a member of the local Communist Party. Argentina was under the rule of a conservative dictatorship and the world as a whole was moving towards darker times, with totalitarism and Berni and started moving away into social realism, starting in 1934 with two paintings called Desocupados ("Unemployed people") and Manifestación ("Demonstration").In the 1940s Berni met and studied Pre-Columbian art during a journey through Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia, whose influence can be felt in a painting, Mercado indÃgena ("Indian market"). This decade was one of revolutions and coups d'état in Latin America, including Argentina in 1943. Between 1948 and 1951 he painted Masacre ("Massacre") 1948, El obrero muerto ("The dead worker"), and another "Demonstration", with people carrying symbols of peace, on the year of the first hydrogen bomb test by the United States. From 1951- 53 he lived in Santiago del Estero, a province in the Argentine north-west which had suffered and was still suffering massive ecological damage, mainly overexploitation of the quebracho by a few landowners who exploited their workers. In the following years, Berni's works reflected this natural and social tragedy. In 1955–56 he painted the series Chaco, depicting the similar situation in Chaco; it was exhibited in Paris, Berlin, Warsaw, Bucharest and Moscow.By this time he invented two stock characters would make his works recognizable worldwide, Juanito Laguna and Ramona Montiel. Following the March 1976 coup, Berni went to live in New York City, where he painted, did engraving and collage, and exhibited some works. He painted 58 works that were meant for an exhibit in Texas, but were never displayed there, and were recovered and brought back to Argentina after his death, in 1982. New York struck him as luxurious, consumistic, materially wealthy but spiritually poor. His works showed this with a touch of social irony.I n 1981 his paintings became more spiritual and reflective. He painted apocalyptic murals for a chapel in General Las Heras, Buenos Aires; a Cristo en el garage ("Christ in the garage"), and the opposition of nature and humanity through a naked woman lying in the sand under the moon, this harmonious night disturbed by the passing of an airplane. Berni died that same year, on October 13. In July 2008. less
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