Sensor networks

Smart Cities Wireless sensor networks Marc Pous, Researcher Jornades Abertis, BDigital, 2011

Motivation
Sensor networks
Applications and companies
Future challenges
of 45

Motivation
Elements of a sensor network
Trends in sensor networks
Overview challenges
Sensor networks
Future challenges
of 45

Source: Fabien Girardin and Josep Blat of 45

In 2008, 50% of the world population lived in cities.
By 2012, M2M communication will be 20% of the non-video Internet traffic.
IPv6
Passive  Interactive
Deferred  Real-time
Object  Service
Trends in sensor networks of 45

Energy harvesting
Hardware constraints
Security and privacy
Interoperability (data and communications)
Overview challenges of 45

Sensor networks of 45

Motivation
Sensor networks
Sensor node architecture
Sensor networks topologies
Sensor networks communication technologies
Sensor networks routing techniques
Sensor networks data
Future challenges
of 45

A sensor network is a system of one or more sensors that detect, collect and possibly respond to things or events.
Large number of sensor nodes, which are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it.
Inter-connected sensor nodes exchanging sensed data by wired or wireless processing.
Sensor network architecture of 45

A sensor node integrates one or more sensors or actuators , a processor , a communication unit , a power supply and management unit.
Sensor node architecture Source: Wireless Sensor Networks by Thomas Watteyene of 45

Motes
A very low cost low power computer
Nanotechnology
A Radio Link to the outside world
Are the building blocks of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
The most popular motes probably are:
Mica2
MicaZ
TelosB
Sensor node architecture of 45

Operating systems
Sensor node architecture of 45 Operating system Sensor node supported platform TinyOS Btnode, Imote, Iris, Mica, Mica2, MicaZ, SenseNode, TelosB, T-Mote Sky, Shimmer Contiki T-Mote Sky, TelosB, MSP430 MCU Mantis OS Mica2, MicaZ, Nymph, TelosB SOS T-Mote Sky, Mica2, MicaZ, TelosB, Cricket Microsoft .NET Micro Imote 2.0

Network routing is the process of selecting a path for the relaying of a message from a source device to the intended destination.
WSN topology
Star topology
Tree topology
Mesh topology
Sensor networks topologies of 45

Sensor networks routing techniques
Routing protocols
Flat routing
Hierachical routing
Geographic routing
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
Ad-hoc On- demand Distance Vector (AODV)
IETF Routing Over Low power and Lossy Networks (ROLL)
IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (RPL)
of 45

Sensor networks communication technologies of 45 Bluetooth ZigBee 6LoWPAN Range 10-100 m 10-75 m 10-75 m Owner Bluetooth SIG ZigBee Alliance IETF Application sectors
Mobile device interconnectivity
PC peripheral connectivity
file transfer (OBEX)
remote control
health care
Sensor networks
access control
home automation
Sensor networks
Access control
home automation

Sensor networks communication technologies
Communication technologies interoperability
Profiles
ZigBee
Elster Demonstrates ZigBee Interoperability with Smart Energy profile
Bluetooth Low Energy
Trends
Protocol translation gateways
Benefits of IPv6
The Z-Wave Alliance announced the Z/IP program to drive convergence of Z-Wave and TCP/IP (2007)
The ZigBee Alliance and IPSO Alliance Collaborate on ZigBee IP and ZigBee Smart Energy 2.0 (2009-2010)
of 45

Web of Things
Sensor networks data Source: Vlad Trifa and Dominique Guinard of 45

XML
Binary XML (BXML)
Efficient XML Interchange (EXI)
Extended Environments Markup Language (EEML)
Describes sensors data collected in a structured form
SensorML
Provides metadata describing sensors, sensor platforms, sensor tasking interfaces as sensor generated data
Harmonization of Sensor Standards WG
Sensor ontology
including IEEE 1451, ANSI N42.42 and CBRN data model, among others
Sensor networks data of 45

Pachube
Sensor networks data Source: Pachube of 45

Applications and companies involved in sensor networks of 45

Motivation
Sensor networks
Energy monitoring
Logistics
Environmental monitoring
Public spaces management
Intelligent buildings
Traffic control and public transportation
Health and personal assistance care monitoring
Industrial processes
Future challenges
of 45

Applications of sensor networks 1/8
Energy monitoring
of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Smart metering
Electricity
Gas
Water
Landis Gyr (CH), Itron (UK), Echelon (US), Coronis/Elster (FR, US), Millenial Net (US), Libelium (ES), Sentilla (US), Ember (US), Sensus (US )
American model vs European model
ZigBee
PLC
Pipe leakage detection and tank or silos level management
Oil
Water
Landis Gyr (CH), Vögtlin (CH), Honeywell (US), Coronis/Elster (FR, US), Sensus (US)
BP North Sea platform 2004
ZigBee

Coronis / Elster
Coronis is the creator of Wavenis®
Major markets:
smart metering, home comfort, alarms, home healthcare, industrial automation, centralized building management
5M of Wavenis-enabled products deployed worldwide in 2010
Companies in sensor networks of 45

Applications of sensor networks 2/8
Logistics
of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Control of the state of the merchandise
Temperature
Humidity
etc.
Vibration
Position (GPS)
Crossbow (US), Tiny Node (CH), Libelium (ES), WorldSensing (ES)
Localization of merchandise and transportation tracking
GeoPosition
Barcodes/RFID
Digi (US), Libelium (ES), GMV (ES), Ubisense
Harbors container management
RFID
ZigBee

Digi International
Founded in 1985, in United States.
Major markets:
Monitoring and management of renewable energy
Wireless tank monitoring and management
Tracking and monitoring of mobile assets

Environmental monitoring
Applications of sensor networks 3/8 of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Weather stations
Temperature
Humidity
Atmospheric pressure
Light intensity
CO2 detector
Crossbow (US), Arch Rock (Cisco), Urbiotica (ES)
Emissions from farms, chemical and industrial processes
Forest fires
Agriculture
Soil moisture
Fruit diameter
Leaf wetness
Crossbow (US), E-Senza (UK), Libelium (ES), IRIS (ES)
Vineyards
Marine
Temperature
Presence of bacteries
Sea level
MantraCourt (UK), Honeywell (US)

Crossbow
Created in 1995, in California
Major markets:
Environmental systems and agriculture
Logistics
Monitors energy
Companies in sensor networks of XX

Public spaces management
Applications of sensor networks 4/8 of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Structural monitoring
Vibrations
Displacement detection
Temperature
MantraCourt (UK)
San Francisco bridge
Garbage collection
Container emptiness
GeoPosition
WorldSensing (ES)
Route planner
Street light systems
Presence detection
Energy consumption
Philips (NE), Echelon (US)

Echelon
Created in 1988, in United States
Major markets:
Building automation (LonWorks)
Street lighting
Industrial automation
Transportation automation
Companies in sensor networks of XX

Intelligent buildings
Applications of sensor networks 5/8 of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Home automation
Temperature
Light detector
Presence detectors
Energy consumption
General Electrics (US), Control4 (US), Greenwave (DK), Hai (US), Echelon (US)
Building management
Access controls
HVAC systems
Scheneider (GE), Siemens (GE), Philips (NE), enOcean (GE)

EnOcean
Created in 2001, in Germany
Sensor modules from EnOcean harvest tiny amounts of energy from their surroundings, enabling them to register detected values and transmit them wirelessly.
Major markets:
Building automation
Home automation
Torre Espacio de Madrid
4,200 light and blind switches
http://www.enocean.com/en/torre-espacio-madrid-spain-2007/

Transportation
Applications of sensor networks 6/8 of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Traffic monitoring
Cameras
GeoPosition
Speed
BitCarrier (ES), WorldSensing (ES), Sensys Networks (US), Nivis (US), Smartgrains (FR), Echelon (US)
Traffic jams management
Cameras, inductive loops, GPS, Bluetooth detectors, MEMS
Toll payment
RFID (presence)
Urbiotica (ES)
Teletac
Smart parking
Presence detector
Streetline networks (US), World Sensing (ES), Urbiotica (ES)
Inductive loops
Parking payment through mobile phone

Streetline Networks
Created in California
Major markets:
Parking monitoring and management
Traffic monitoring

Health
Applications of sensor networks 7/8 of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Healthcare
Blood’s pressure
Temperature
Sugar in blood
etc.
Philipps (HO), Coronis (FR), Sensinode (FI)
Body sensor network
Sports and fitness (wellness)
Geoposition
Speed
Calories
etc.
Dynastream Innovations (CA), Nordic Semiconductor (NO)
ANT
Nike+
Personal care and assistance
Gyroscope
Accelerometer
Sensing & Control (ES)
Falling detector

Dynastream Innovations
Created in 1998, is based in Canada.
World leader in the research of inertial and wireless technology. Integrators of ANT technology into sensors.
Nike products
ANT was born out of the need to develop the very lowest available power solution for Nike’s foot pod to watch communication.

Industrial monitoring
Applications of sensor networks 8/8 of 45 Application What can be sensed? Companies Comments Process monitoring
Temperature
pressure
contact closure
valve positioning
gas detection
corrosion detection
Optical detector
Dust Networks (US), CrossBow (US), SENSICAST(US), Arch Rock (Cisco), E-Senza (GE), Nivis (US), Honeywell (US)
Quality of service
Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol (TSMP)
WirelessHART
ISA100.11a
Xmesh
Sensinet
Security in processes
Camera
Gas detector
Honeywell (US) , Gastronics (US)

Honeywell
Created in 1906, in United States
Major markets:
Metering sensors and Industrial processes

of 45 Nordic Semiconductors, Atmel Corp EnOcean Dust networks Libelium World Sensing, Sensing & Control, Urbiòtica, Streetline Crossbow Arch Rock (Cisco) Texas Instruments, Freescale Coronis/Elster Digi International

Future challenges in sensor networks of 45

Motivation
Sensor networks
Future challenges
Efficient energy harvesting
Interoperability
of 45

Efficient energy harvesting
Lack of power during some time
Consume extremely low power
Future challenges of 45

Security
Privacy
Dynamic and scalable sensor networks

Trends to nanotechnology
Performance
Low production cost
Repair
Monitoring and real-time control

Interoperability
Standardization
IP-based sensor networks and the Internet of Things

Moltes gràcies! [email_address] Questions? [email_address]

Sensor networks

by Marc Pous

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Sensor networks

by Marc Pous

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Sensor networks Presentation Transcript

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