20th Century Art Part 1

20 th Century

Imitation vs. Interpretation
• INTERPRETATION - media and technique used to express the artist’s personal interpretation of their idea(s)
• line, shape, form, texture, color and technique are now equal or more important than the image/subject matter. This is the new attitude DURING the MODERN ERA
• IMITATION - media and technique used for MIMETIC purposes: the pursuit of realism • line, shape, form, texture, color and technique support the image. The image/subject matter is first and foremost. This is the prevailing attitude BEFORE the MODERN ERA

a • vänte-gärde´ , n. [Fr., lit., advance guard.] the leaders in new or unconventional movements, esp. in the arts; vanguard avante-garde

abstract ab´stract , v.t. ; abstracted, pt. , pp. ; abstracting, ppr . [L. abstractus , dragged away, pp. of abstrahere , to draw from or separate.] 1. To draw from, or to separate; as, to abstract a criticism from one’s own bias. 2. To separate (ideas) by the operation of the mind; to think of (a quality) apart from any particular instance or material object that has it.

By the end of the 1800’s... • Petroleum replaces coal • steel replaces iron • gasoline powered internal combustion engines • gas powered automobiles • gas powered - heavier than air flying machines • the assembly line

By the end of the 1800’s... the wonders of electricity • Edison’s light bulb • Tesla’s electrical transmission system (alternating current) • Bell’s telephone • Marconi’s wireless (radio)

Edweard MUYBRIDGE Photographic Studies of Movement Palo Alto 1878-79

Étienne-Jules MAREY Photographic Studies of Movement late 1880’s

The rise of the AVANTE GARDE • INDUSTRIALIZATION and CAPITALISM fuel the growth of urban populations • TREMENDOUS GROWTH of the MIDDLE CLASS THE RISE OF: • MASS PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION • MASS MEDIA (NEWSPAPERS / MAGAZINES) • “ COMMERCIAL” ART: (GRAPHIC ARTS - PRINT & PUBLICATION) • POPULAR ART - POSTERS, POSTCARDS, etc… • ADVERTISING ART

The rise of the AVANTE GARDE • INDUSTRIALIZATION and CAPITALISM fuel the growth of urban populations • TREMENDOUS GROWTH of the MIDDLE CLASS • in PARIS, a growing market for art outstrips the ACADEMY’S ability to supply the demand THE RISE OF: • INDEPENDENT ART DEALERS / GALLERIES • ARTIST ORGANIZED EXHIBITIONS • THE ART CRITIC

IMPRESSIONISM sought to describe the way the eye perceives light 1860’s - 80’s THE BEGINNINGS of MODERNISM DEGAS MONET RENOIR

POST IMPRESSIONISTS (1880’s - early 1900’s) sought to use color and line to describe their emotional responses to the scene before them VAN GOGH 1853-1890 CEZANNE 1839-1906 GAUGUIN 1848-1903 THE FOUNDATIONS OF 20th CENTURY PAINTING Between 1901-06, several comprehensive van Gogh, Gauguin & Cezanne exhibitions held in Paris and Germany

Henri ROUSSEAU Sleeping Gypsy 1897 • self taught painter, admired by PICASSO THE TURN OF THE CENTURY • a preview of the coming century

THE 20th CENTURY Edvard MUNCH The Scream 1893 fin de siecle

LES FAUVES “ THE WILD BEASTS” 1905 PARIS The beginning of 20th Century EXPRESSIONISM

LES FAUVES Henri MATISSE THE WILD BEASTS 20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM • leader of this loosely knit group • experimentation and exploration

Andre DERAIN LES FAUVES - FAUVISM THE WILD BEASTS 20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM • wild “VIOLENT” colors • distortion of forms and perspective

LES FAUVES - FAUVISM THE WILD BEASTS VLAMNICK 20th CENTURY EXPRESSIONISM

EXPRESSIONISM • emotional • unrestrained color • bold distortions • takes root in GERMANY Wassily KANDINSKY Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER • URBAN ANGST • PURE PAINTING

CUBISM ABSTRACTION THE 20TH CENTURY

Pablo PICASSO ABSTRACTION CUBISM Les Demoiselles d’Avignon 1906 • deconstruction of the notion of beauty • fractured & redefined pictorial space • redefined painting: rejects the idea of BEAUTY as the goal of art THE 20TH CENTURY

Pablo PICASSO Georges BRAQUE MORE CONCEPTUAL THAN PERCEPTUAL ANALYTIC CUBISM • a cerebral interpretation of nature • an analytical abstraction ABSTRACTION THE 20TH CENTURY

Synthetic Cubism Collage of elements Picasso Braque THE 20TH CENTURY • abstraction through synthesis of disparate elements ABSTRACTION

CUBISM … an evolution of a style Juan GRIS Robert DELAUNAY Sonya DELAUNAY THE 20TH CENTURY • widespread influence of CUBISM • evolves into many variations • introduction of strong color ABSTRACTION

FUTURISM ABSTRACTION THE 20TH CENTURY

Marcel DUCHAMP Nude Descending a Staircase Futurism - Movement - Speed Futurist Manifesto 1909 - Anarchy, Violence THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION

FUTURISM Umberto BOCCIONI • frenzied, frenetic, fractured • celebrates industrialized urban life THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACTION • revels in the promise of industry & technology • incorporates CUBISM

Futurism Ferdinand LEGER • the new urban WORLD • industrial UTOPIA THE 20TH CENTURY • optimism and faith in a better future through technology ABSTRACTION FUTURISM glorifies and celebrates:

These Questions will appear on the November 2 nd quiz The Synthetic Cubist artwork expressed abstraction through a combination of different materials and elements. What form or technique was a result of this? Which one of these elements was not a concern to the Futurist? What does Les Fauves mean?

WORLD WAR I 1914 - 1917 THE MACHINE GUN THE 20TH CENTURY

WORLD WAR I • THE GREAT WAR “ The war to end all wars” … the dreams & promises of an industrialized UTOPIA are shattered … a glimpse of the future THE 20TH CENTURY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I FRANCE (PARIS), ITALY - DADA, SURREALISM GERMANY (BERLIN) - GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM RUSSIA - SUPREMATISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM HOLLAND - DE STIJL (The STYLE) GERMANY - the BAUHAUS

da da DA DA da AFTER THE GREAT WAR…

• DA: YES in RUMANIAN • the French word for “HOBBY HORSE” • a child’s first few words DADA 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Hugo BALL Dada Poem 1917 MAN RAY Cadeau (the Gift) 1958 (replica of 1921 original) Francis Picabia Portrait of Cezanne 1920 • a subversive movement: ANTI -EVERYTHING • attacked the notions held by BOURGEOIS society • celebrates & elevates absurdity da da

DADA Raoul HAUSMANN The Art Critic 1919-20 COLLAGE • favorite of the DADAISTS • cut outs from mass media: newspapers & magazines 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

Marcel DUCHAMP The Fountain 1917 (aka: R. Mutt) 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I “ READYMADES” ...SHOCK, PUZZLE & TEASE da da

da da 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I DUCHAMP’S “READYMADES” Bicycle wheel 1913 In Advance of a Broken Arm 1915 challenges every artistic notion of the value of artistic skill L.H.O.O.Q. 1919

SURREALISM FANTASY THE 20TH CENTURY

SURREALISM 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I • DADA falls apart • an outgrowth of DADA • fantastic landscapes and environments of the mind Giorgio de CHIRICO

Sigmund FREUD • father of PSYCHOANALYSIS • investigations into the SUBCONSCIOUS MIND

Rene MAGRITTE SURREALISM 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I • new visions of the “INTERNAL WORLD” • dream - like images • explorations into the UNCONSCIOUS MIND

SURREALISM Salvador DALI 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I • nightmarish visions • consummate technician

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM EXPRESSIONISM THE 20TH CENTURY

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER URBAN ANGST • GERMANY: 1920’s -30’s (between WWI & WWII) • GERMANY in turmoil • bankrupt economy • chaos & anarchy

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM Max BECKMAN 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I • an angry, cruel world

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM Max BECKMAN 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I • bold colors, crude, angular strokes • content is pessimistic, chaotic, angry • crowded, jumbled, confused

The Dadaist were famous for what type of art form? What group explored the unconscious mind? What art group reacted the the urban angst? What elements were not a concern to the Futurist?

the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1917 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1917 “ BREAD, PEACE and LAND” The FALL of the LAST MAJOR AUTOCRATIC MONARCHY in EUROPE THE RISE OF SOCIALISM 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

SOCIALISM so cial•ism, n. 1. The theory or system of the ownership and operation of the means of production and distribution by the society or community rather than by private individuals, with all the members of the society or community sharing the work and the products

COMMUNISM com mu•nism, n. (Fr. communisme, from L. communis , common) 1. An economic theory or system of the ownership of all the property by the community of society sharing in the work and the products

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I Vladimir Illyich LENIN U.S.S.R. U nited S oviet S ocialist R epublic 1917

Kasimir MALEVICH … BEFORE the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I • influenced by CUBISM & FUTURISM

SUPREMATISM ABSTRACTION THE 20TH CENTURY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I SUPREMATISM … a new art for the new WORKER’S UTOPIA • LINE, SHAPE and COLOR distilled to its PURE essence Kasimir MALEVICH • rejects all the “OLD” / creation of a NEW AESTHETIC

SUPREMATISM MALEVICH 1915 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I RUSSIA

CONSTRUCTIVISM ABSTRACTION THE 20TH CENTURY

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I CONSTRUCTIVISM • incorporates MALEVICH’S ideas - PROMOTION of SOCIALLIST VALUES • visual foundation of today’s GRAPHIC DESIGN AESTHETICS Lazar Markovich LISSITZKY 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I Alexander RODCHENKO Novyi Lef (Left Front of the Arts) Poster of LENIN: BREAD, PEACE , LAND CONSTRUCTIVISM

DE STIJL (the Style) ABSTRACTION THE 20TH CENTURY

DE STIJL Piet MONDRIAN (The STYLE) … after WORLD WAR I 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

DE STIJL (The STYLE) Theo van DOESBURG Piet MONDRIAN 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I

BAUHAUS 1919-1933 20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I The ART SCHOOL of MODERNIST RENDS

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I THE BAUHAUS

20TH CENTURY …after WORLD WAR I into WORLD WAR II 1938

WORLD WAR II Guernica, Picasso 1937

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20th Century Art Part 1

by Mid-Pacific Institute on Sep 16, 2009

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20th Century Art Part 1 — Presentation Transcript