Life at the BoP study: findings and statistics

Activities and Timing This research programme had several stages: June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011 October 2011 •  Expert interviews •  Hypothesis •  Research •  Analysis and •  Customised and desk formation and conducted supporting presentations research topic outline (August 2011) quantitative data youth and (June 2011) (July 2011) gathering education, (September mobile and 1-15 2011) technology, and farmers (ongoing) •  Launch to the public of the headline findings, audio guide, and 4 minute video (21 Sept 2011) 2|

We listened to 100 people in 3 countries Respondents chosen for fit with ‘leading edge’ segments Women entrepreneurs Qualitative depth groups 2.5 hours Farmers Recruited ‘Competent Optimists’ Youth Source: BMGF farmer study and TNS leader segments 3| Photos’ source: Jonathan Kalan for Movirtu

Women motivated by better life for kidsSource: Jonathan Kalan for Movirtu Source: Unicef “I want to set a foundation for my “Every day I worry about my children: to save some money for family and paying for education.” them so they continue in school.” Farmer, Senegal Woman entrepreneur, Tanzania “Since I am not educated I am toiling hard. I want my kid to study well end up in good job and earn more”6| Farmer, India

A good strategy: education pays offSource: BBC Source: Procsilas via Flickr “The only job I have is my studies Return on investment for – I put all of my hope in them, secondary or tertiary they are my future. All I do is education in Africa: study and pray.” Youth, Senegal >20% Source: World Bank Knowledge for Development7|

Secondary school: low and uneven Secondary age in school, urban: 29.8% Secondary age in school, rural: 7.2% Urban-rural gap: 4:1 Source: World Bank Knowledge for Development Secondary school gross enrollment ratio *, male: 7% Secondary school gross enrollment ratio, female: 5 % Source: UNICEF Secondary age in school, male: 61% Secondary age in school, female: 52% Source: UNICEF * Gross enrollment ratio, as defined by UNESCO, designates a nations total enrollment "in a specific level of education, regardless of8 | age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the official age group corresponding to this level of education"

Schools are poor quality in rural areasSource: All rights reserved by dushyant_fst on Flikr Source: Jonathan Kalan for Movirtu “The teachers are constantly on “Even though we have educationstrikes: they took eight days off there are no jobs-still I keepat a time” trying to grow a business”Woman entrepreneur, India Youth, Senegal9|

Farmer situation is stark“A farmer is seen as nothing”Farmer, IndiaSource: Jonathan Kalan “In India a farmer commits suicide once every 30 seconds” 11 | Campaign on poverty portal.org

Risks and worries for small farmers Source: Jonathan Kalan for Movirtu Pests Rising input costs Crop diseases Worsening Economic Situation Worsening Debt Situation “I took a risk to get a loan to expand my farming: I have to pay for water, for security-it’s complicated.” Farmer, Senegal “Life is a lot of challenges as Over 30% worry all the time about farmers we encounter problems these issues among farmers in in weather condition, climactic Tanzania changes, pests attacking.” Source: BMGF farmer study (Tanzania) Farmer, Tanzania12 |

Difference in Web use by age (skew urban) Overall Tanzania: 12% mobile web use 7% 8% male 4% 3% female 16-21 22-30 30+ Source: TNS Mobile Life 14 |

Youth enthusiastic about technology Benefits of Internet in discussions: •  Access to better quality information •  Saving time and money •  Reaching absent family •  Accessing government information Source: Jonathan Kalan for Movirtu “I feel the children go with the “Smartphones are good technology development, so they because if you have a can come up-we are very smartphone you don’t backward let our kids understand need to go to the library.” and come forward and we will Youth, Tanzania welcome.” Entrepreneur, India 15 |

Internet poses concern to parents “Kids do everything on the Internet. My ten year old child goes to cybercafes.” Woman entrepreneur, Senegal “I don’t know much about it, that’s good because Internet can destroy the innocence of those who use it badly.” Woman entrepreneur, Senegal “If I could turn off the Internet, I would. My children see things they shouldn’t.” Farmer, Senegal “In technology, 75%is good and the remaining 25% is bad.” Woman entrepreneur, IndiaSource: All rights reserved by Enterprising Schools on Flikr16 |

A range of concerns include affordability, risk of damaging devices “I will have to find money “I might delete data because to spend for the Internet I do not know how to use.” and I do not have it.” Farmer, Tanzania Youth, Tanzania “It worries me that new things “My children tell me they look are coming in, it will make at school work but I see the girls us forget our traditions.” on the bus always with two Entrepreneur, Senegal phones. I want to tell them to give their hands a rest! - I would not like that to be my daughter.” Woman entrepreneur, India17 |

Phones will become data capable - slowly The handset pyramid Now 3-5 years time Smart Even in 3-5 years, 3-5% US$100 US$50 10-15% no more than 10-15% ofFeature rich US$20-50 20-30% population will have smartphones US$15-30 30-40% Basic phones Basic phones 75-87% 55-60% Number lower in rural areas Carrier examples: Use of Snapto-style cloud browsers Kenya: 0.5m 3G; 5m data-enabled Nigeria: 100k 3G; 2m data-enabled Source: Balancing Act Source: Balancing Act Africa, August 2011 Data capable phones will be the biggest growth v smartphones 18 |

While more women farmers want information 8% 7% 21% 28% Source: J. Ehlers, UC Riverside. 17% 19% 11% Nearly 12% 1/3 of women 22% 17% vs 1/5 of men are in the Competent 21% 18% Optimist segment Source: BMGF farmer study (Tanzania) Male Female 20 |

They are under-represented in formal groups % of registered who attend meetings 35 31 30 27 27 25 20 15 15 10 Tanzania Source: Jonathan Kalan for Movirtu 5 0 “It is my job to go to the Female Male Both Someone else farmer groups for advice” Source: BMGF farmer study (Tanzania) Male farmer, India “I belong to Dahira Dabakh where “You go to a group and they want Sunday evenings we meet at money from you and it gets very 4pm and sing prayers” complicated: we don’t want that” Woman small farmer, Senegal Woman entrepreneur , Tanzania 21 |

Self-help groups are prevalent (especially women) in all countriesInformal group based gamessuch as merry go rounds are keyfinancial institutions – used tofund emergencysituations / school fees / bigevents Source: Joel Dousset via Flikr “We all save in the chit funds: we use for medical expenses, school fees, sometimes buying things” Woman Entrepreneur, India 22 |

Self-help groups are most trusted with money Repayment and contribution based on social obligation – doesn’t exist towards banks or MFIsSource: Jonathan Kalan “There is a group at Namanga “FINCA come and they are running if you injure take your furniture away” yourself they send you to hospital Woman Entrepreneur, Tanzania and pay for it. If you die they incur all burial costs.” Woman Entrepreneur, Tanzania 23 |

Universally BoP have felt the pinch “I sell at 5 or 6, and it can be sold for 15 or even 20 but farmers do not get the money” Male farmer, IndiaSource: Jonathan Kalan “The price of maize “Foodstuffs used to be less was 300, it is now 800, expensive, but now rice, and the price of oil oil, everything is very has gone up” expensive” Male farmer, Tanzania Woman farmer, Senegal25 |

Mass media is trusted: plays key role Radio is the most trusted medium in Tanzania: second is neighbours Television and cinema highly popular and influential with BoP in IndiaSource: Jonathan Kalan “My favourite character is “Where I am, there’s no electricity Radhika: she does all bravely, there, nor water, but there’s a she faces so much problems but radio there.” happily finds solution” Farmer, Senegal Woman entrepreneur, India 27 |

Cross media usage India and Senegal (BoP) Radio usage Mobile Games usage 45% 36% 35% 31% 46% 45% 47% Male Male 29% Female Female India Senegal India Senegal Source: TNS Mobile Life Source: TNS Mobile Life 28 |

Our sponsors and partners•  Grassroots Business Fund•  Established in 2008 through the restructuring of the World Bank IFC Grassroots Business Initiative, GBF builds and supports high impact organisations that provide sustainable economic opportunities to people at the base of the economic pyramid.•  TLcom•  TLcom Capital LLP is a London-based venture capital firm investing since 1999 in Telecom, Media and Technology companies across Europe and Israel. TLcom currently manages or advises assets in excess of €200 million, including the TLcom I and the TLcom II funds.•  Frog•  frog works with the world’s leading companies, helping them to design, engineer, and bring to market meaningful products and services.•  TNS•  TNS is the worlds largest Custom Market Research specialists that provide quality marketing information delivered by Global Industry Sector expert consultants, innovative Market Research Expertise across the product life-cycle, in 80 countries.30 |

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Life at the BoP study: findings and statistics

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Life at the BoP study: findings and statistics — Presentation Transcript