Learning and Knowledge building with wikis: The Impact of Incongruity between People’s Knowledge and a Wiki’s Information.

Learning and Knowledge Building with Wikis: The Impact of Incongruity between People’s Knowledge and a Wiki’s Information. Johannes Moskaliuk, University of Tuebingen Joachim Kimmerle, University of Tuebingen Ulrike Cress, Knowledge Media Research Center ICLS 2008, June 25th, Utrecht

Outline
Wiki-supported knowledge building
Theoretical model
Systemic point of view
Co-evolution of cognitive and social systems
Cognitive point of view
Four processes of learning and knowledge building
Impact of incongruity
Empirical analysis
Hypotheses
Method
Measurement of dependent variables
Results

Wiki-supported knowledge building
Wikis ...
... are compilations of websites
... can be edited by users
... can be employed without special software
... are easily accessible and simple to use
write and revise text
create content
hyperlink content with other content
add, delete, change any part of the text
Jointly creation of one artifact. Collaborative development of knowledge .

Systemic point of view (acc. to Luhmann) wiki‘s information social system people‘s knowledge cognitive system

Co-evolution of user‘s knowlege and wiki‘s information knowledge building individual learning

Cognitive point of view (acc. to Piaget) existing knowledge information from the enviroment perturbation incongruity cognitive conflict equilibration accommodation assimilation

Four processes of learning and knowledge building qualitative individual learning (acquisition of conceptual knowledge) qualitative knowledge building accommodation quantitative individual learning (acquisition of factual knowledge) quantitative knowledge building assimilation internalization externalization

Motivation to participate is determined by incongruity linking to prior knowledge is difficult motivational barriers no cognitive conflict no new information low incongruity high incongruity cognitive conflict

Hypotheses
H1 Incongruities on a medium level lead to higher quantitative increases of information in the wiki (external assimilation) compared to low and high incongruities.
H2 Incongruities on a medium level lead to higher qualitative increases of information in the wiki (external accommodation) compared to low and high incongruities.
H3 Incongruities on a medium level lead to a higher increase of factual knowledge (internal assimilation) compared to low and high incongruities.
H4 Incongruities on a medium level lead to a higher increase of conceptual knowledge (internal accommodation) compared to low and high incongruities.

Experiment
Laboratoy setting
Groups with 5 to 10 participants
Duration: 2 hours
Cover story: Participants had to work with a wiki on clinical psychology including various topics (e.g. paranoia, schizophrenia)
Participants: 61 university students
43 female, 17 male (1 missing value)
mean age 24.6 years ( SD =10.6)

Three conditions with different levels of incongruity biological/genetic social diathesis/stress medium incongruity low incongruity high incongruity complete wiki no content a b one-sided content condition 1 condition 2 condition 3

Three conditions with different levels of incongruity wiki‘s information people‘s knowledge 3 conditions constant

Dependent variables Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

Dependent variables accommodation index Allusion to the diathesis-stress model structure of the arguments on the one hand… on the other hand… in contrast… nevertheless… however… Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

Dependent variables 21 statements about the causes of schizophrenia The double bind theory is an empirically proven statement about the causes of schizophrenia. correct not correct I don‘t know  Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

Dependent variables open question „ Describe the best argument, to explain the causes of schizophrenia learned through the work with the wiki.“ simple answers complex answers expert rating Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

Results Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information 1790,45 1413,32 519,22 268,70 210,00 78,78 high medium low

Dependent variables M med = 3.29 (SD med = 2.70) vs. M low = 1.78 (SD low = 1.78), t(37) = 2.04, p=.02 M med = 3.29 (SD med = 2.70) vs. M high = 2.05 (SD high = 0.94), t(37) = 1.93, p=.03 Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

Dependent variables M med = 15.50 (SD med = 2.30) vs. M low = 13.70 (SD low = 2.98), t(37) = 2.16, p=.02 M med = 15.50 (SD med = 2.30) vs. M high = 14.20 (SD high = 1.96), t(37) = 1.96, p=.03 Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

Dependent variables low vs., medium Chi 2 = 1, N = 43) = 4.23, p = .02. high vs. medium Chi 2 = 1, N = 43) = 5.23, p = .03. Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

Conclusion
The processes of internal and external accommodation and
assimilation can be observed in an experimental setting.
H1 external assimilation / sum of added words
H2 external accommodation / accommodation index 
H3 internal assimilation / factual knowledge 
H4 internal accommodation / conceptual knowledge 
A medium level of incongruity between people’s knowledge
and a wiki’s information supports individual learning and leads
to more qualitative knowledge building.

Thanks for your attention.
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Learning and Knowledge building with wikis: The Impact of Incongruity between People’s Knowledge and a Wiki’s Information.

by Johannes Moskaliuk

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Learning and Knowledge building with wikis: The Impact of Incongruity between People’s Knowledge and a Wiki’s Information. Presentation Transcript