Privacy Considerations in Online and Mobile Photo Sharing

Over Exposed? Privacy Patterns and Considerations in Online and Mobile Photo Sharing Shane Ahern, Dean Eckles, Nathan Good, Simon King, Mor Naaman*, Rahul Nair Yahoo! Research Berkeley

What do you get when you mix… Camera- phones Context People Instant Web Upload

This talk is not about photos

Increasingly easy

to publish, share

personal data

with social

contacts, public

Based on policies

Flickr: Privacy

Flickr: Discovery

Current Mobile Experience

Difficult to share (or even save!)

Hard to find

No context

No semantic information

But wait! There’s more.

ZoneTag http://zonetag.research.yahoo.com

2-click upload (same key!)

Automatic location and time metadata

Change privacy settings

Tagging optional

Why Tag? Bay Bridge, Fog, [San Francisco, 94105]

Why Tag? RedSox, Fenway, GreenMonster, [Boston, 02215], …

Why Tag? Horsetails, handicapped, sign, [Stanford, 94305], …

Why Tag? mirror, me, Jenn, [New Haven, 06473], …

Why Tag? Sushi, Gills, Home, Shepherds bush, badger towers , [London, UK], …

OK, so what are we doing here really?

Quantitative analysis

Research questions

Selected findings

Qualitative analysis

Research Questions

Method/Interviews

Considerations in privacy management

Quantitative Analysis - Data

350 users, 44,000+ photos

Focused on most active 81 users

Photo location and time

Photo tags

Privacy settings

Content predicts privacy? Photos with “person” tag All photos

Location predicts privacy? Users Public Locations Average Locations Private Locations Percent of photos

Meanwhile, in the paper

Does content predict privacy?

Does location predict privacy?

Number of photos in a location is a predictor, too.

Do users regret/revisit mobile privacy choices?

What about location disclosure?

Moving on

Quantitative analysis

Research questions

Selected findings

Qualitative analysis

Research Questions

Method/Interviews

Taxonomy

Inspiration

Kinberg, Spasojevic, Fleck, Sellen

“ Social uses of camera-phones”

Nancy van House

Research methodology

Main Research Question

What are the main factors considered when making privacy decisions?

Study Format

Reflective Photo Elicitation

Participant’s own photos

Used to study… photo-taking

Grounds study with actual behavior

Study Detail

Recruited and equipped 15 users

8 male, 7 female

11 non-technical

Early 20s to early 50s (most in 25-35)

Some social connections

Structured interview

Discussed patterns and individual photo decisions

Interview Findings

Security “ Pictures of the kids... I don’t know if I’d mark public... I don’t know who is out there”. “ If I did something to upset somebody somehow... and they knew where I lived by looking at my photos, that would bother me”. “ There is so much stuff out there, I don’t think I’m really a prime target.”.

Identity Management “ You’ve heard about all these random stories about people on MySpace/YouTube and a HR department will… find stuff” “ I might [upload] as family-only if it was a family event… embarrassing pictures of me and my aunt” “ Portland pictures. Ahh, there is a picture of me. Unflattering”

Sharing convenience “ I made my photos public so I wouldn't have to worry when I gave a friend the URL so they could browse my pictures freely”

Social disclosure “ I added the tag '[bar name]' so he'd know where I was…” “ Nothing marked [private]. It’s almost like the tree the in the forest, why would you take a photo if you didn't want anyone to see it.” “ if I went somewhere and I didn’t invite someone and I didn’t want them to see, I might want to make that [family-only]”.

Privacy Considerations Taxonomy

Taxonomy Breakdown *Warning: do not take these numbers literally.

Other Factors

Choice under uncertainty

Technical uncertainty

Social uncertainty

Dealing with complexity

Too many considerations, options

Users often adopt blanket strategies

Compromises

Users mostly unsatisfied, not regretful

Implications. Questions.

Preventing mistake/reducing impact

Use cues to detect failures?

Staging/review area for recent uploads?

Information and feedback

Number and identity of potential viewers?

A “show me what they can see” option?

Implications. Questions.

Decoupling discovery and sharing

Already done since on Flickr

How to discourage blanket strategies?

Final Notes

All Flickr/ZT photos,

Creative Commons License, or with author permission

http://flickr.com/photos/plasticbag/188818779/

http://flickr.com/photos/groovymother/131591824/

http://flickr.com/photos/deaneckles/135146357/

http://flickr.com/photos/crouchingbadger/138488021/

http://flickr.com/photos/nielsvaneck/142344741/

http://flickr.com/photos/spcbrass/376917764/

http://flickr.com/photos/paulshaffner/413538595/

http://flickr.com/photos/al-fassam/361460417/

http://flickr.com/photos/jddunn/2477038/

http://flickr.com/photos/ayman/455705071/

http://flickr.com/photos/ayman/454730758/

http://flickr.com/photos/mmoorr/477751894/

Questions?

Mor Naaman: mor@yahoo-inc.com

With: Shane Ahern, Dean Eckles, Nathan Good, Simon King, Rahul Nair

Read more, follow:

http://www.yahooresearchberkeley.com

Slides: http://slideshare.net/mor

Also check out:

Morgan Ames, Mor Naaman Why We Tag Wednesday 11:30 B1-B4 Good et al. Noticing Notice Tue. 3:30

Privacy Considerations in Online and Mobile Photo Sharing

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