Introduction to Linux OS

Objectives
History
GNU Project
Beginning of Linux
Features
Linux Pros and Cons
Architecture
Applications
How to be certified?

History
In 80's ,Microsoft's DOS was the
Dominant OS for PC.
Mac was better , but expensive.
UNIX was much better , but much
more expensive.
people

History
People was looking for a UNIX
based system , which is cheaper ,
user friendly , and could run on
PC.
DOS,Mac and UNIX Kernels was
away from development.
Pay­to­develop!
GNU

GNU Project
Established by Richard Stallman.
GNU = “GNU is Not UNIX”.
Aim to develop a complete UNIX­
like operating system , which is free
for copying and modifications.
FSF

GNU Project
“Richard Stallman” established
“The Free Software Foundation” ,to
support GNU Project.
It earns money from packing the
software with different tools
“RedHat , SuSE,Slackware,...”.
photo

Richard Stallman – All rights reserved ©
Minix

Beginning of Linux
A famous professor , “Andrew
Tanenbaum “, developed “MINIX” , a
simplified version of “UNIX” , but for no
commercial intentions.
A student at Helsinki University , called
“Linus Torvalds” , developed the first
Linux Kernel version 0.0.1.
photo

Linus Torvalds – All rights reserved ©
features

Features
Open Source
Virus­Free.
Free.
Compatibility on most hardware.
Well documented.
Customizable.
Great Graphical interface..”see
compiz!”
Firewall is a part of Kernel.
F tcp­ip

Features
TCP­IP Networking.
Support for running web servers,such
as Apache , to run protocols like FTP.
Pros and cons

Linux
Linux Pros and Cons
Advantages over windows:
Free Expensive
Source code is No source
available code
Bugs are fixed wait until
quickly they find
them!
multi

Linux
Linux Pros and Cons
Advantages over windows:
Good support over internet.
Multi­tasking , Multi­user.
“ And more .... “
graph

graph

architecture

Architecture
shell

Linux Shell
Shell interprets command and
requests service from kernel.
In Linux , we have : cd ls whoami
Bourne Again shell(Bash)
TC Shell. Shell
Z Shell. Kernel
GUIs

Shells and GUIs
You can enter commands by:
Command line shells , like (bash).
Through the Graphical User Interface ,
such as KDE and Gnome .
kernel

Kernel
Kernel:
The part of an OS where the real work is
done .
System call interface:
Set of functions (API) can be used by
the applications and libraries to
provide services from Kernel.
AUI

Kernel
Application user's interface:
Interface between the kernel and the
user .
Allows the user to make commands to
the system.
Divided into text based and graphical
based.
core

Kernel
It's the core of Linux OS .
It acts as intermediary , between the
computer hardware and various
programs.
driver

Kernel
It contains the driver support for the PC
hardware.
It contains advanced memory
management features support for
many different types of file systems.
blinder

Linux
Unix #1
Unix #3 Unix #2
utilities

System Utilities
Every system utility that you expect to
find in any Unix based system has
been ported on Linux.
This includes commands such as :
grep: search for words inside a
document..
cp , wc , ...
application

Applications
Very Effective in server applications.
Some Companies running Linux servers:
Google TEData
Cisco IBM
Panasonic Facebook
Toyota Wikipedia
U.S army
FBI
distros

Distros
A typical desktop Linux distribution
comprises :
a Linux kernel,
GNU tools and libraries,
additional software,
documentation,
a window system,
window manager,
a desktop environment.
300

Distros
They are about 300 distros!
Most Famous:
Fedora SuSE
Ubuntu Slackware
CentOS RHEL
Debian
Gentoo
Mandriva
GNU

Certificates
Red Hat:
RHCT
RHCE
LPI
Linux+

Any Questions?
Thanks !!