Asian American slides
- 1. Chapter 9 Understanding
Asian American Clients
“Asian” refers to peoples from the Far
East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian
subcontinent
“Pacific Islander” refers to peoples
from Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, and other
Pacific Islands
Rapidly increasing populations in U.S.
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 2. Chapter 9 States with Significant
Numbers of Asian Americans
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 3. Chapter 9 Regions of Residence
by Region of the U.S.
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 4. Chapter 9 Poverty Status for
Selected Age Groups
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 5. Chapter 9
Children:
Often considered “model minority”
Behavior
Achievement
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 6. Chapter 9
Children – Communication:
Often come from bilingual
backgrounds
English as second language
AAC – augmentative and alternative
communication
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 7. Chapter 9
Children - Families
View elders with respect and
reverence
Learn specific family roles
Influenced by high family expectations
of achievement
Powerful message to not bring shame
to family
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 8. Chapter 9
Adolescents:
Population aged 15 – 19 expected to
rise to 1.17 million by 2010
Cultural emphasis placed on diligence,
harmony, respect for elders, and family
loyalty
Academic stereotypes mask
individuality
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 9. Chapter 9
Adolescents – Communication:
Recognize difficulty with English
Nonverbal communication
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 10. Chapter 9
Adolescents – Families:
Rigidly defined roles
Son prized above daughter; given
more responsibility and greater
influence
Family exerts control over
interpersonal conduct and social
relationships
Avoidance of shame
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 11. Chapter 9
Adolescents – Challenges:
Family loyalty
Achievement expectations
Acculturation
Rigid gender roles
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 12. Chapter 9
Adults:
11.8% lived in poverty (2003)
18.7% lived without health insurance
(2003)
Stereotypes of economic and
employment status
Reluctant to discuss problems
Religious values
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 13. Chapter 9
Adults – Communication:
Speak at least 32 languages
Uncomfortable with confrontation and
assertiveness
Syntax, word endings, and terminology
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 14. Chapter 9
Adults – Families:
Family first
Cultural value of humility
Family honor
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 15. Chapter 9 Family Types
Among Asian Americans
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 16. Chapter 9
Adults – Challenges:
Communication problems
Common stereotypes
Conflicting cultural expectations
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 17. Chapter 9
Elderly:
Population age 65 and over 13.5% by
2010
Experienced racism, injustices, and
discrimination
Many lack formal education
Acculturation of various generations
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 18. Chapter 9 Asian Populations:
60 and Over
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 19. Chapter 9
Elderly – Communication:
Reside in ethnic communities
Unlikely to undertake learning a new
language
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 20. Chapter 9
Elderly – Families:
Generational acculturation levels
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 21. Chapter 9
Elderly – Challenges:
Belief that assistance is unnecessary
Health issues
Language barriers
Poverty
Drug use and suicide
Increasing generational differences
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 22. Chapter 10 Counseling Asian
American Clients
Potential problems for children:
Failure to develop a strong cultural
identity
Belief in “model minority” fallacy
Differing cultural characteristics
Conflicting cultural values
Pressures to excel
Communication problems
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 23. Chapter 10 Counseling Asian
American Clients
Potential problems for children:
Moving from family-centered world to
peer-centered world
Family conflicts caused by that moving
Parents unwilling to accept Western
viewpoints
Smaller physical size
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 24. Chapter 10 Children -
Counseling Considerations:
Determine individual strengths
Determine degree of acculturation
Understand reluctance to disclose
information to strangers
Understand avoidance of confrontation
and/or emotional intensity
Learn about the individual
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 25. Chapter 10 Children –
Individual and Group Therapy:
Minimize competition
Focus on the present
Include parents and elders
Take the role of mentor
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 26. Chapter 10
Children – Family Therapy:
Child may be reluctant to speak in
front of parents
Father speaks for entire family
May reflect poorly on the family
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 27. Chapter 10
Adolescents:
Potential problems for adolescents:
Failure to develop a strong cultural identity
Belief in “model minority” stereotype
Failure to meet behavior expectations
Differing family cultural characteristics
Communication problems
Conflicting cultural values, i.e. individualism vs.
family
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 28. Chapter 10
Adolescents:
Potential problems for adolescents:
Conflicting cultural values, e.g.,
individualism vs. family
Generational differences
Developmental differences
Expanding social interests
Affects of racism and discrimination
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 29. Chapter 10 Adolescents –
Counseling Considerations:
Seek advice from family not
professionals
Acculturation and generational
differences
Nonverbal communication styles
Nondisclosure
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 30. Chapter 10 Adolescents –
Individual and Group Therapy:
Build credibility for mental health
services (career counseling)
Group therapy may threaten family
honor
Nondisclosure
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 31. Chapter 10 Adolescents –
Family Therapy:
Clients expect counselor to be more
directive than passive
Counselor must convey confidence
and disclose educational and work
backgrounds
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 32. Chapter 10
Adults:
Potential problems for adults:
Acceptance of “model minority” stereotype
Effects of historical and contemporary
discrimination
Low socioeconomic status
Belief that discussing problems causes the
problems
Communication problems
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 33. Chapter 10
Adults:
Potential problems for adults:
Rigid, authoritarian family structures
Acculturation
Seeking aid reflects poorly on family
Midlife problems
Marriage and family situations
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 34. Chapter 10 Adults –
Counseling Considerations:
Value interdependence, self-control,
and repression of emotions
Short-term, goal-oriented solutions
Stigma of mental illness – “bad blood”
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 35. Chapter 10 Counseling
Chinese American clients:
Modulate voice tone
Ask questions at appropriate times
Demonstrate self confidence
Do not paraphrase client
Remain relatively still and project
expert persona
Offer self-disclosing remarks
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 36. Chapter 10 Counseling
Vietnamese American clients:
Build trust and concern for client &
family
Understand and address
communication barriers
Understand rigidly defined gender
roles
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 37. Chapter 10 Counseling
South Asian American clients:
Respect cultural identity and worldview
Understand level of acculturation
Clarify spiritual identity
Provide multidimensional interventions
Recognize life stage and age
Client may not understand your
nonverbal communication
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 38. Chapter 10 Counseling
South Asian American clients:
Recognize the role of humility
Respect client’s integrity
Clarify spiritual identity
Allow yourself to be educated
Use a relational style
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 39. Chapter 10 Adults –
Individual and Group Therapy:
Counselor self-exploration
Client orientation
Group composition
Rapport building
Group orientation
Group facilitation
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 40. Chapter 10 Adults –
Individual and Group Therapy:
Suggestions for group leaders:
Conduct an assessment
Challenge members
Test assumptions by verifying information
outside of group
Help members receive feedback
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 41. Chapter 10
Adults – Family Therapy:
Focuses on one family member
Protects the dignity of the individual
and preserves the honor of the family
Allows defining of family relationships
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 42. Chapter 10
Elderly:
Potential problems of elderly:
Stereotypes
Double or multiple jeopardy
Discrimination and prejudice
Cultural differences
Poor language skills
Distrust of agencies
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 43. Chapter 10
Elderly:
Potential problems of elderly:
Lack of education
Reluctance to disclose personal
information
Problems with developmental tasks
Lack of systemically kept records
Health concerns
Communication or cultural barriers
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 44. Chapter 10 Elderly –
Counseling Considerations:
Differing intergenerational
expectations
Undemonstrative demeanor
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
- 45. Chapter 10 Elderly –
Individual and Group Therapy:
Reluctance to reveal problems
“Paying to talk” is difficult concept
Emotional difficulties converted to
physical problems
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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.