Linux I Ostala Druzina

GNU i ostala družina Slobodan softver i popularizacija nauke Milan Milošević AK Letenka, jul 2009

Free software ● “Free” - sloboda, ne cena ● “Free as in freedom” ● "Free as in beer" vs "Free as in speech" ● Besplatan vs slobodan www.mmilan.com 2

Besplatan softver? ● Vlasnički softver ● Freeware ● Shareware (?!?!) ● Free software Licence: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html www.mmilan.com 3

Definicija: (0) Korišćenje programa u bilo koje svrhe (1) Uvid u način funkcionisanja programa (otvoreni kod) (2) Redistribucija kopija (3) Unapređivanje programa i objavljivanje unapređenja www.mmilan.com 4

(0) Korišćenje programa www.mmilan.com 5

(1) Open Source http://en.tiraecol.net www.mmilan.com 6

(2) Redistribucija www.mmilan.com 7

(3) Unapređivanje www.mmilan.com 8

Zašto? ● I need, I want, I CAN ● Niko ne radi besplatno ?!? ● Neko radi zbog zabave ● Neko radi zbog potrebe ● “Novi” poslovni model ● Cena usluge, ne proizvoda www.mmilan.com 9

Zašto ja? ● Korisnik ● Cena, stabilnost, bezbednost ● Kompanije ● Kompatibilnost, nezavisnost, cena ● Čovečanstvo ● Monopol, znanje, sigurnost, nema “Velikog brata” www.mmilan.com 10

Ali... ● Već koristite Slobodan softver ! ● Firefox ● Wikipedia ● Astronomski magazin ● Internet... www.mmilan.com 11

GNU is Not Unix ● 1969: Nastao Unix (AT&T) ● 1983: Startovao GNU Projekat (Richard Stallman) ● 1991: Linux 0.01 ( 10k linija koda, 1 korisnik ) ● 1994: Linux 1.0 ( 170k linija, 100 hiljada korisnika) ● 1996: Linux 2.0 ( 400k linija, 1,5 miliona korisnika) ● 1998: Free Software Definition (4 slobode) ● 1998: Linux 2.1.11 ( 1.5M linija, 7.5 miliona korisniak) ● 1999: Linux 2.2: 12 miliona korisnika ● 2009: Odlična budućnost www.mmilan.com 12

GNU/Linux 8,000,000 1,600,000 7,000,000 1,400,000 6,000,000 1,200,000 Lines of Code Users 5,000,000 1,000,000 4,000,000 800,000 3,000,000 600,000 Apache 2,000,000 400,000 1,000,000 200,000 0 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 www.mmilan.com (ver0.01) (ver0.96) (ver0.99) (ver1.0) (ver1.2) (ver2.0) (ver2.1) (ver 13 2.1.11)

GNU/Linux ● Linux Kernel: ● Softver koji obezbeđuje komunikaciju između hardvera I korisničkog softvera. Linux kernel radi na mnogim platformama (Intel x86, IA-64, AMD64, Alpha, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, PowerPC, IBM S/390, SPARC, Motorola 680x0, itd.). ● GNU/Linux OS: ● Linux kernel i korisnički softver koji omogućava rad. ● Linux Distribution: ● Linux Kernel, GNU/Linux OS i dodatni sofver koji omogućava jednostavnu instalaciju, konfigurisanje i rad www.mmilan.com 14

Prednosti: ● Brzina i stabilnost ● Bolji kvalitet i ekonomičnost ● Bezbednost: manje “rupa” brze i češće “zakrpe” ● Nema crva, spyware-a, rušenja, plavog ekrana ● Pravi višekorisnički sistem (pristup fajlovima, prava drugih korisnika, morate da se prijavite) ● Prilagodljivost (Mogućnost izbora, CLI, GUI,...). ● Jaka zajednica za podršku i razvoj www.mmilan.com 15

Ako je tako dobar... ● ...zašto se ne koristi više? ● Skuplje = bolje ● Marketing ● Kompanije, ugovori, obaveze ● Piraterija “It’s easier for our software to compete with Linux when there’s piracy than when there’s not.” - Bill Gates (2007) “They’ll get sort of addicted, and then we’ll somehow figure out how to collect sometime in the next decade.” Bill Gates (2006) www.mmilan.com 16

Svet bez zidova In a world without walls, who needs windows and gates? www.mmilan.com 17

Koristi se: ● Google ! ● 70% web strana ● TOP500 naj- računara ● Linux ~88% (svi sa liste TOP10) ● Unix/Linux ~5.8% ● Unix ~4.4% ● Windows HPC ~1% ● BSD – 1 računar www.mmilan.com 18

GNU/Linux distribucije www.mmilan.com 19

Distribucije ● Debian: velika zajednica (>1200 programera), stroga pravila slobode, 30k paketa, rast 20% godišnje. Najveća (?) ● Ubuntu: za desktop korisnike, bazirana na Debian unstable. ● Red Hat: Jedna od najstarijih distribucija, Enterprise. ● Fedora: Sponorisana od strane Red Hat-a, razvija je zajednica. ● Centos: Besplatna alternativa Red Hat-a. ● Mandriva: Najpopularniji derivat Red Hat-a. ● Suse: razvija Novell, Enterprise distribucija. Podrška Microsofta (?) ● OpenSuse: slobodna alternativa Suse ● Slackware: najsličnija Unixu, stara i popularna distribucija www.mmilan.com 20

GNU/Linux “slojevi” ● Kernel ● Shell ● X-Server (XFree, XORG) ● Desktop Enviroment ● KDE, Gnome, XFCE, ... ● Composite Window Maker ● Window Maker, Enlightment, IceWM, ... ● Window Decorator www.mmilan.com 21

GNU/Linux za svaki dan ● Firefox, Thunderbird ● aMSN, Pidgin, Kopete ● OpenOffice ● GIMP, Inkscape, Scribus ● Amarok, Audacious, Mplayer, VLC, Kdenlive ● Octave, FreeMat, Latex ● Celestia, Kstars, OpenUniverse, Step www.mmilan.com 22

Instalacija programa ● Windows ● GNU/Linux ● Google ● Menadžer paketa ● Download, $$$ ● Install ● Google, $$$... www.mmilan.com 23

CLI vs GUI www.mmilan.com 24

Kako? ● Windows + slobodan softver ● Dual boot ● GNU/Linux + VirualBox ● GNU/Linux ! www.mmilan.com 25

Ne samo Linux... ● Skoro svi programi rade i na Windowsu ● Internet: ● Wordpress ● Joomla ● SMF ● Wiki ● Itd ● Tekstovi, slike, audio i video materijal www.mmilan.com 26

Licence (1) ● Public Domain ● EULA (End-User License Agreements ) ● GPL – General Public Licence ● BSD – Berkeley Software Distribution ● Sloboda 3 nije obavezna ● CDDL (Common Development and Distribution License) ● Licence kompanija, itd ● CC - Creative Commons www.mmilan.com 27

Licence (2) www.mmilan.com 28

Licence (3) EULA (End Users license agreement): sharing is evil. BSD: Berkeley Software Distribution: sharing is not evil. GNU General Public License: not sharing is evil. What you think? www.mmilan.com 29

CC - Creative Commons ● Attribution ● Share Alike ● Noncommercial ● No Derivative Works ● http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/ ● http://creativecommons.org/international/rs/ www.mmilan.com 30

Korisni linkovi ● http://www.fsnserbia.org/ ● http://blog.urosevic.net/ ● http://www.ubuntu-rs.org/ ● http://www.linux.org/ ● http://www.debian.org/ ● http://www.ubuntu.com/ ● http://www.gnu.org/ www.mmilan.com 31

Pitanja? ● Homepage: http://www.mmilan.com ● E-mail: mm@mmilan.com ● http://www.facebook.com/mmilann ● http://www.facebook.com/univerzum ● http://www.twitter.com/mmilann Neka prava su zadržana. Objavljeno pod Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Serbia Licencom www.mmilan.com 32

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Linux I Ostala Druzina

by Milan Milosevic on Jul 27, 2009

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Linux I Ostala Druzina — Presentation Transcript