Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.
Restructuring Human Resources
1. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION VOL. 32 NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2009
INSIDE:
PA TIMES
PA TIMES
IMMIGRATION: ISSUES
IMPACTING ADMINISTRATION
Local Immigration Policies
Complicate Comprehensive
Immigration Reform Efforts 3
32 Years • 1977-2009 A Powerful Voice for Public Service . . .
Seemingly everyone agrees on the
need for immigration reform.
Democrats and Republicans, liberals
President Obama Takes Historic Oath
and conservatives, media pundits and
scholars, those who want more open
borders and those who advocate
more restrictive policies have all January 20, 2009–Washington,
identified shortcomings with current
D.C.–During the Nation’s 56th
federal policies and practices.–Nadia
Presidential Inauguration, Barack
Rubaii-Barrett
Obama takes the oath of office as
the 44th U.S. President with his
Illegal Medical Care and
wife, Michelle and daughters
License Registration? 4
Malia and Sasha at his side.
The change in administration in
Michele Obama holds the Bible
Washington will certainly be
used by President Abraham
confronted with the pressing issues
Lincoln. Obama, America's first
facing our nation: The economy,
African-American resident, said in
bailouts, jobless rates climbing, and
his inaugural address that the
the illegal immigration issues. Two of
nation must choose 'hope over
the areas of concern for public
fear, unity of purpose over
administrators will be focusing on
conflict and discord' to overcome
whether to provide health care
benefits and license registrations to the worst economic crisis since
illegal immigrants living in the the Great Depression. (J. Conrad
United States.–David Milen Williams
Jr./Newsday/ZUMAPRESS.com)
Immigration’s Moral Challenge 5
Unfortunately, when institutions are
unjust, or worse, many people
working within them fail to perceive
what is happening. Unexamined
prejudices squelch doubts, as does the
deep-seated emotional stake that
people, especially Americans, have in
Experts Sound Alarm Over
believing that the social order around
Bergrud Wins
them is morally defensible.
–Christopher Daniel
ASPA Election!
America's Ability to Compete
Some Personal Reflections
on Immigration 6
I was born in San Diego, CA. My
Recommendations Offered for Improving
mother is from Mexico and my father
is from Costa Rica, Central America.
My parents immigrated to the United
Competitiveness of U.S. Education System
States in the 1960s. My father became
a naturalized U.S. citizen while my
Washington, DC–Underscoring the link action and outlines what states and the
mother is a permanent resident with a
between a world-class education and a federal government must do to ensure U.S.
Green Card that serves as proof of her
sound U.S. economy, leading education students receive a world-class education
legal resident status in the United
experts issued a report offering sweeping that provides expanded opportunities for
States.–Abraham David Benavides
recommendations to internationally college and career success.
Insights on Perf. Mgmt. 7 benchmark educational performance.
The Advisory Group was convened by three
Solutions for Public Managers 9
The report, quot;Benchmarking for Success: of the nation’s leading education policy
Ensuring U.S. Students Receive a World- organizations–the National Governors
An Ethics Moment 12
class Educationquot; released by the Association, Council of Chief State School
Where Things Stand 13
International Benchmarking Advisory Officers and Achieve, Inc.–and consists of
Mayors Say Local
Group,provides states a roadmap for governors, state commissioners of education,
ASPA TIMES benchmarking their K-12 education systems representatives from the business community,
against those of top-performing nations.
Infrastructure
Bergrud Elected The report explains the urgent need for See EDUCATION, pg. 2
ASPA Vice President 15
Projects are
ASPA National Council
Tips for Local Governments on
Election Results 15
Ready-To-Go
PRESIDENT’S COLUMN 16
How to Navigate Fiscal Crisis
New Members 18
Action Urged on MainStreet
ASPA in Brief 19
Economic Recovery
Report Gives Strategies for Local Governments to Address Crisis
Career Center 22-23
Washington, DC–The nation’s mayors today
Washington, DC/Phoenix, AZ–Cities, towns, Leaders,” analyzes previous recessions and
Congressional Testimony 24 released the third installment of their
and counties throughout the United States highlights the actions local governments Ready-to-Go Jobs Report that inventories
Recruiter 25
face the deepest and most severe economic have taken to alleviate such crises in the infrastructure projects from cities around the
downturn in 50 years. For the first time in past. Commissioned by ICMA, the organiza- country that could be started and completed
Commentary 26
in just two calendar years to create over a
the postwar era, the crisis has dramatically tion that advances professional local govern-
Conferences Calendar 28 million jobs with help from federal dollars.
affected all levels of government, and ment management worldwide; and
extraordinary action is required to maintain developed by researchers at the Alliance for Mayors are reporting that in 641 cities of
critical public services in the face of Innovation (a partnership of ICMA, the all sizes in all regions of the country, a
dwindling revenues. Innovation Groups, and Arizona State total of 15,221 local infrastructure projects
For more information on how to be
University), the report explains how many
published in PA TIMES, please contact are quot;ready to go.quot; These projects represent
A new report, “Navigating the Fiscal Crisis:
Christine Jewett McCrehin at
Tested Strategies for Local Government
cjewett@aspanet.org. See LOCAL GOVERNMENT, pg. 12 See INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, pg. 2
3. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PA TIMES • FEBRUARY 2009 PAGE 3
Immigration: Issues Impacting Administration
SPECIAL SECTION
Local Immigration Policies Complicate
Comprehensive Immigration Reform Efforts
Nadia Rubaii-Barrett immigration, greater language and At one end of the continuum are those Issuing identification cards to anyone who
cultural diversity among recent immigrant communities that have declared themselves wants one–including undocumented
populations, and more divergent settle- a sanctuary for immigrants. Cities and immigrants–is a strategy that a small
Seemingly everyone agrees on the need for
ment patterns that extend outside of counties in more than 20 states have number of localities have adopted, most
immigration reform. Democrats and
traditional gateway cities combined to adopted policies that prioritize the human notably San Francisco, California, and
Republicans, liberals and conservatives,
place many local government officials in rights of individuals over their legal status. New Haven, Connecticut. These ID cards
media pundits and scholars, those who
a position where they could not wait any These policies prohibit local government have a photo and list the individual’s
want more open borders and those who
longer for the federal government to employees from identifying, reporting, or name, address, date of birth and a unique
advocate more restrictive policies have all
reform immigration policy. detaining immigrants or otherwise doing identifying number; notably, they do not
identified shortcomings with current
the work of federal immigration officials in indicate immigration status.
federal policies and practices. While it was
the absence of a warrant.
not a central tenant of the Obama
The ID cards are intended to benefit both
Directly or indirectly they
candidacy, the new president has expressed In sharp contrast, local ordinances in more the individuals and the community.
support for comprehensive reform that [Obama Administration] will than a dozen states have adopted strong Individuals can use the cards to access
reduces lengthy administrative backlogs anti-immigrant policies with aggressive city services and as proof of identity for
have to respond to the
and balances enforcement with an overhaul enforcement provisions. Officials in these opening bank accounts; in turn, the local
of admission criteria and numerical limits communities express concerns about illegal government receives income from the fees
tapestry of state and local
to better reflect 21st century global politi- immigrants driving down wages and taking charged for the cards and is able to
cal and economic realities. jobs from citizens, engaging in criminal
immigration policies that document a more accurate population
activity, overburdening public health
In policy formulation the devil is in the count thereby making their communities
have been adopted in the systems, and flaunting the rule of law by
details, and immigration policy is no eligible for larger entitlement grants.
entering or remaining in the country
exception. There has been no shortage of
intervening years while In many communities with large migrant
illegally. Frustrated by inadequate federal
immigration reform proposals, but
or immigrant populations, local govern-
enforcement, they have enacted policies
crafting comprehensive policy changes Washington failed to act. ments collaborate with a network of
intended to identify and drive out illegal
that could secure sufficient bipartisan
community support organizations to
immigrants and to punish those who would
support has proven to be politically
address the needs and interests of new
The challenges facing local governments
infeasible in recent decades. provide them with housing or jobs.
in responding to increasing numbers of arrivals through cultural and educational
The election of President Obama along These local ordinances may impose fines
immigrants have been exacerbated by activities, employment support, health
with Democratic majorities in both the on landlords who rent to undocumented
outdated federal policies, inconsistent services, and cultural competence
House of Representatives and the Senate immigrants or deny business licenses to
federal enforcement practices, and insuffi- training. Some communities have
would appear to create a window of companies who employ them. They may
cient redistribution of resources to local constructed, funded and/or operated day
opportunity for successful passage of also prohibit the display of foreign flags
governments. As towns, cities, villages labor centers or hiring halls, while others
comprehensive reform. However, a number unless they are accompanied by U.S.
and counties in all states have experienced have banned such facilities or the use of
of recent changes regarding intergovern- flags, or encourage residents to report
the challenges of immigration–both legal public funds to support the facilities.
mental roles and responsibilities in the area their neighbors if they have suspicions
and illegal–they have adopted a myriad of
Some local governments have established
immigration policy–specifically the about immigration status. Local officials
local policies. Some local policies are
their own agencies for immigration
multitude of local policies that have been designed to protect immigrants from what are required to check immigration status
services or immigrant relations; while
enacted–will complicate this task. are perceived to be unfair federal laws before providing local services, and local
other local governments have simply
and assist them, regardless of their legal law enforcement are required to submit
Immigration policy is widely recognized developed formal procedures for referring
status, with assimilation and integration. the names of all persons arrested through
to be a national government prerogative, immigrants to nonprofit and religious
a federal database to determine citizenship
but Washington has demonstrated an Other local policies vigorously seek to organizations for assistance.
even in the absence of suspicion about
inability to fully carry out these responsi- identify and remove those who lack
immigration status.
bilities. In the absence of effective federal In the current environment, neighboring
proper documentation and are intended to
policies many state and local governments communities often have strikingly differ-
send a strong message to immigrants, In between these two extremes are a range
have felt compelled to enact policies of ent policies regarding immigrants. Such
particularly undocumented immigrants, of other local government policies. Many
their own. Increasing rates and levels of inconsistencies make it difficult for
that they are not welcome. local governments have stopped short of
immigrants, both legal and undocu-
adopting local immigration ordinances and
mented, as well as businesses, both small
have instead signed Memoranda of
and large, whose activities may cross
Understanding (MOUs) with the
jurisdictional boundaries. These divergent
Department of Homeland Security to
local policies will also complicate the task
receive immigration-related training and to
of federal policy makers who seek to
enforce immigration laws. Under these
enact comprehensive immigration reform.
federal 287(g) programs, local officials
The MARCH 2009 PA TIMES may be authorized to interview inmates in As the Obama Administration works with
city and county jails to determine probable
special section is titled: congressional leaders to formulate new
cause for violation of immigration laws immigration policies, they will do so
and to begin the deportation process. within the complex and changing
intergovernmental web of policies.
Language barriers often create consider-
Directly or indirectly they will have to
able challenges for local governments
respond to the tapestry of state and local
dealing with new immigrant populations.
immigration policies that have been
The response of some local governments
Diversity Revisited adopted in the intervening years while
has been to adopt English-only policies,
Washington failed to act.
with or without corresponding investments
in ESL or ESOL classes to help non- ASPA member Nadia Rubaii-Barrett is an
English speakers improve their proficiency. associate professor and chair of the
department of public administration in the
Other local governments have provided
College of Community and Public Affairs
incentives to new and existing employees
There is still space available for advertising and articles. at Binghamton University. email:
to become bilingual or multilingual and
nbarrett@binghamton.edu
some have gone so far as to guarantee
Deadline for both is FEBRUARY 20, 2009
non-English speakers the right to
Contact: cjewett@aspanet.org access local services and programs in
their native language as a way to facilitate
greater and more meaningful participation
in local government.
4. PAGE 4 PA TIMES • FEBRUARY 2009 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Immigration: Issues Impacting Administration
SPECIAL SECTION
Illegal Medical Care and License Registration?
David Milen emergency rooms in particular are losing sell insurance to anyone who does not have driver’s certificate, but this legislation has
a validated state driver’s license. failed on numerous occasions.
millions of dollars each year due to this
increasing issue.
The change in administration in The moral and ethical dilemma arises once There are several states that do not require
Washington will certainly be confronted again when motorists are involved in an proving legal status (Utah, Michigan,
Future Implications and Solutions
with the pressing issues facing our nation: accident, there is no insurance coverage by Hawaii, and Maine to name a few) in
As this crisis increases, both hospital and
The economy, bailouts, jobless rates one party, and the burden then falls on the order to obtain a driver’s license. The
public administrators will have made some
climbing, and the illegal immigration motorist who has been covered by a possible values of allowing illegal aliens
moral and ethical choices surrounding
issues. Two of the areas of concern for company’s policy. The question arises the opportunity to obtain a license are
illegal immigrants, budgets, and overall
public administrators will be focusing on regarding life safety and payment issues. safer highways and lower insurance rates
survival of the health care system. Many
whether to provide health care benefits due to fewer accidents. Opponents for the
may pose the question, “How can we fix
It is quite possible for the benefit of life
and license registrations to illegal legalization of this action feel it entices
this?” It may be in the best interest of
safety and monetary issues that illegal
immigrants living in the United States. undocumented immigrants to enter the
public administrators to look at what the
aliens should be permitted to obtain
country and cause further stress and
follow-up care costs may be after initially
There has been much discussion insurance on a vehicle. This assists
pressures upon the system and highways.
surrounding these topics at all levels of motorists along in the process of hospital
government, but the government has been visits and repairs that may be necessary to Suggestions and Solutions
Homeland Security estimates
dealing with cost issues surrounding refurbish the vehicle that was damaged. The newly elected administration will
medical care and treatment of illegal On the other hand, there is an issue with have much to address in the next four
there are 22 million illegal
aliens throughout the nation. Homeland having illegal aliens behind the wheel of a years. The issues and policies surrounding
Security estimates there are 22 million motor vehicle without proper state identi- immigration will need to be positively
aliens in the United States
illegal aliens in the United States and fication or licensure from the Bureau of influenced by the US government and
billions of dollars are being spent on both and billions of dollars are Motor Vehicles. public policy developers. A common
medical care/treatment and license policy for immigration reform, issuing
Licensed to Drive?
being spent on both medical
registration infringements. licenses, and permitting insurance
Although in some states the opportunity
purchases are foundations to build upon
care/treatment and license
Priority Issues to purchase insurance may be available
for future considerations for all stakehold-
and allowed, there may be issues
ers involved. The US needs to lead by
Medical Care registration infringements. surrounding an illegal alien applying for a
example and create stability to an increas-
There are federal laws that provide states
driver’s license. The State of Illinois, for
ing issue and ongoing issue.
with incentives to provide Medicaid
example, does not allow illegal aliens to
coverage to illegal immigrants. Many treating the patient, and creating a policy have a license nor operate a motor vehicle ASPA member David Milen is interim
hospitals in America are not able to whereby other countries would accept legally under the current laws. Attempts program director at the School of Public
absorb the costs included in the treatment medical transfers for their own citizens have been made to pass legislation Policy and Administration at Walden
and care of illegal immigrants. Many based on the treatments at the U.S. hospital. allowing illegal immigrants to obtain a University. email: David.Milen@ssfhs.org
states and hospitals don’t check to see the
It will take more than simple documenta-
status of the patient (legal or illegal)
tion and creation of public policy. The
causing a strain on the system and forcing
stakeholders that are involved in the
many hospitals to close their doors due to
system such as INS, families of those who
the inability to sustain operations and lack
were treated at the hospital, attorneys, and
of finances. On the other hand, there are
the foreign countries where the patient
millions of legal immigrants and US
may have traveled to the US. A common
citizens that are not able to afford health
Provost’s Fellowship at
program and policy must be developed
care coverage and must risk living
that does not reflect such a variety of
without these benefits.
Florida Atlantic University
acceptance or non-acceptance depending
Some states are considering passing on state or region with the US.
legislation to adopt a law allowing illegal
Illegal Vehicle Insurance and Licensure
immigrants to obtain health care coverage
This $2,500 fellowship will be awarded to two
and permit them to have necessary Vehicle Insurance of the leading applicants to the FAU doctoral
operations, treatments, and procedures Another issue change advocates will have program for Fall 2009. To be eligible students
done in hospitals. The concerns arise to address with policy and procedures is
must apply for admission to the FAU Ph.D.
when billions of dollars are being lost illegal aliens and vehicle insurance. The
program in Public Administration. Fellowship
within the health care industry, jobs are growing number of illegal aliens without
is automatically renewable for a second year,
being lost, and continual lack of available vehicle insurance, driving without proper
facilities is becoming a pressing issue. and is on top of the normal doctoral fellowship
identification, and becoming involved in
which provides:
motor vehicle accidents is increasing.
Many emergency rooms are forced to
close their doors due to the inability to There are some states, California, for
$16,000 per year stipend
afford the outlay of monies in an effort to example, that do not have a set policy or
$22,000 in tuition and fees (approx. 90
provide medical treatment for illegal law in place indicating insurance
percent of total)
aliens. Most hospitals and facilities appear companies are not permitted to sell
to have a budget set aside specifically for insurance to an illegal alien. Thus, the Florida Atlantic University
the treatment of illegal immigrants, More information about the FAU Ph.D. pro- School of Public Administration
opportunity exists for illegal aliens to have FAU/BCC Higher Education Complex
however, the funds set aside for illegal gram, its faculty, and its emphases in Public
motor vehicle insurance prior to getting 111 East Las Olas Boulevard
immigrants are far above expectations and behind the wheel. On the hand, there are Policy, Organizational Studies, Budgeting & Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
the available funding. Hospitals and many insurance companies who will not Finance, and Public Administration Theory & Phone: (954) 762-5650
Inquiry are available at: Fax: (954) 762-5673
E-mail: spa@fau.edu
http://www.fau.edu/caupa/spa/phd/index.html
To apply on-line, go on the Graduate College
link at: http://wise.fau.edu/graduate/
Have you visited
SCHOOL OF PUBLIC
ASPA’s website lately? ADMINISTRATION
www.aspanet.org
