Advanced PHPUnit Testing

Advanced PHP Unit Testing The 2008 DC PHP Conference June 2nd, 2008

Hello!
Mike Lively
Lead Developer Selling Source, Inc.
PHPUnit Contributor
PHPUnit Database Extension
A frequent inhabitant of #phpc
http://digitalsandwich.com

PHPUnit
A widely used unit testing framework
Created by Sebastian Bergmann
Originally built as a port of Junit
Now incredibly feature rich

PHPUnit - Advanced Features
Mock Objects - A way to further isolate code while testing.
Database Extension - A DBUnit port to allow creation of fixtures for database content.
Selenium Integration - A gateway to integration testing.
PHPUnderControl - Not really PHPUnit...but still very cool.
Much to cover and not much of time. Let's get started!

PHPUnit - Mock Objects
Mock Objects - A way to further isolate code while testing.
Creates 'Fake' objects that mimic 'real' objects in controlled ways.
Used to ensure that expected methods are being called in expected ways.
Used to ensure that methods that are depended on by the unit you are testing do not 'pollute' your test with their behavior.

How do I ensure a method is called properly?

How do I ensure a method is called properly?
Create a mock object!
PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase::getMock( string $className, array $methods = array(), array $constructParms = array(), string $mockClassName = '', bool $callOriginalConstruct = TRUE, bool $callOriginalClone = TRUE, bool $callAutoLoad = TRUE );

Create the mock object
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php' ; class ObserverTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testUpdateIsCalledOnce () { $observer = $this -> getMock ( 'Observer' , array( 'update' )); } } ?>

Setup the expectation
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php' ; class ObserverTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testUpdateIsCalledOnce () { $observer = $this -> getMock ( 'Observer' , array( 'update' )); $observer -> expects ( $this -> once ()) -> method ( 'update' ) -> with ( $this -> equalTo ( 'something' )); } } ?>

expects() - Sets how many times you expect a method to be called:
any()‏
never()‏
atLeastOnce()‏
once()‏
exactly($count)‏
at($index)
method() - The name of the method you are setting the expectation for

with() - Each parameter is validated using PHPUnit Constraints:
anything()‏
contains($value)‏
arrayHasKey($key)‏
equalTo($value, $delta, $maxDepth)‏
classHasAttribute($attribute)‏
greaterThan($value)‏
isInstanceOf($className)‏
isType($type)‏
matchesRegularExpression($regex)‏
stringContains($string, $case)
withAnyParameters() - A quick way to say "I don't care"

Call the tested code
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php' ; class ObserverTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testUpdateIsCalledOnce () { $observer = $this -> getMock ( 'Observer' , array( 'update' )); $observer -> expects ( $this -> once ()) -> method ( 'update' ) -> with ( $this -> equalTo ( 'something' )); $subject = new Subject ; $subject -> attach ( $observer ); $subject -> doSomething (); } } ?>

Force methods not being tested to return particular values.
will() - Force the current method to return a particular value
returnValue($value) - Returns the specified value
throwException($exception) - Throws the specified exception object
onConsecutiveCalls(...) - Performs each action (return or exception) consecutively.

Forcing methods to return certain values
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php' ; class StubTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testStub () { $stub = $this -> getMock ( 'SomeClass' , array( 'doSomething' )); $stub -> expects ( $this -> any ()) -> method ( 'doSomething' ) -> will ( $this -> returnValue ( 'foo' )); // Calling $stub->doSomething() will now return 'foo'. } } ?>

PHPUnit - Database Extension The PHPUnit Database Extension

PHPUnit - Database Extension
PHPUnit Database Extension - DBUnit Port
Uses many of the same concepts
Dataset formats are essentially identical
Puts your database into a known state prior to testing
Allows for setting expectations of data in your database at the end of a test

PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase
Overloads setUp() and tearDown() and introduces four new overridable methods (2 MUST be overriden)
If implementing setUp or tearDown, please be sure to call parent::setUp() and parent::tearDown()‏

Must implement
getConnection() - Returns a database connection wrapper
getDataSet() - Returns the dataset to seed the test database with.
Can override
getSetUpOperation() - Returns the operation used to set up the database (defaults to CLEAN_INSERT)
getTearDownOperation() - Returns the operation to used to tear down the database (defaults to NONE)‏

getConnection() returns a customized wrapper around a database connection.
Current implementation uses PDO
This does not mean code you are testing has to use PDO
createDefaultDBConnection( PDO $pdo, string $schema ); // Convenience method
Very important to provide the schema name.

Setting up your database test case connection
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php' ; class DatabaseTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase { protected function getConnection () { $pdo = new PDO ( 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb' , 'root' , '' ); return $this -> createDefaultDBConnection ( $pdo , 'testdb' ); } } ?>

Currently (known) supported databases:
MySQL
SQLite
Postgres
OCI8
Need another RDBMS supported? I NEED YOU!!!

getDataSet() returns one of the following types of data sets:
Flat XML
XML
Database
Default (php array basically)
Can be a pain to create
Working on utilities to make it...less painful

Convenience methods for datasets
$this->createFlatXMLDataSet($xmlFile);
$this->createXMLDataSet($xmlFile);
Use full paths

Setting up your database test case's common fixture
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php' ; class DatabaseTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase { protected function getConnection () { $pdo = new PDO ( 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb' , 'root' , '' ); return $this -> createDefaultDBConnection ( $pdo , 'testdb' ); } protected function getDataSet () { return $this -> createFlatXMLDataSet ( dirname ( __FILE__ ). '/_files/bank-account-seed.xml' ); } } ?>

PHPUnit - Flat XML Data Set
Each element represents a row, each attribute represents a column.
All attributes must be present in the first element for a given table.
Specifying an element with no attributes represents an empty table.
If an attribute specified in the first element is missing in subsequent element, NULL is implied.
There is no explicit NULL

Flat XML
<dataset> <TEST_TABLE COL0="row 0 col 0" COL1="row 0 col 1" COL2="row 0 col 2"/> <TEST_TABLE COL1="row 1 col 1"/> <SECOND_TABLE COL0="row 0 col 0" COL1="row 0 col 1" /> <EMPTY_TABLE/> </dataset>

PHPUnit - XML Data Set
A more robust and capable format
<table> element for each table
<column> element for each column
<row> element for each row
<row> will contain equal number of children as there are <column>s in the same order.
<value>val</value> is used to specify a value
<null/> used to explicitly specify NULL

XML (Not so flat)‏
<dataset> <table name="TEST_TABLE"> <column>COL0</column> <column>COL1</column> <column>COL2</column> <row> <value>row 0 col 0</value> <value>row 0 col 1</value> <value>row 0 col 2</value> </row> <row> <null/> <value>row 1 col 1</value> <null/> </row> </table> <table name='EMPTY_TABLE'> <column>COLUMN0</column> <column>COLUMN1</column> </table> </dataset>

PHPUnit - Other Data Sets
Pull your data sets out of a database
Possible, and might be a good way to do it for smaller database test suites.
Wouldn't recommend it for large ones (yet)
What about the Default data set?
I haven't hated myself enough to bother with it yet :P
Future formats? CSV, Composite Data Sets, Query Sets

PHPUnit - Other Data Sets
Pull your data sets out of a database
Possible, and might be a good way to do it for smaller database test suites.
Wouldn't recommend it for large ones (yet)
What about the Default data set?
I haven't hated myself enough to bother with it yet :P
Future formats? CSV, Composite Data Sets, Query Sets <- this is when you'll want to use database data sets for large suites

PHPUnit - Operations
If you want to specify non-default operations override either getSetUpOperation() or getTearDownOperation() with a static method from the class: PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_Operation_Factory
NONE
CLEAN_INSERT
INSERT
TRUNCATE
DELETE
DELETE_ALL
UPDATE

PHPUnit - Operations
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php' ; class DatabaseTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase { protected function getSetUpOperation () { return PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_Operation_Factory :: CLEAN_INSERT (); } protected function getTearDownOperation () { return PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_Operation_Factory :: NONE (); } } ?>

Setting up database expectations.
Retrieve database contents:
$this->getConnection()->createDataSet();
Creates a dataset with ALL data in your database.
Pass an array of table names if you only want to compare particular tables.
You can also use the data set filter if necessary

Why Filtered Data Sets? auto increment, time stamps
PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_DataSet_DataSetFilter decorator
Accepts existing dataset object as first parameter
Accepts associative array as second parameter
The array indexes are table names
The array values are arrays of column names to exclude from the data set or the string '*' if the whole table is to be excluded.

Refreshing our memory
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php' ; class DatabaseTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase { protected function getConnection () { $pdo = new PDO ( 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb' , 'root' , '' ); return $this -> createDefaultDBConnection ( $pdo , 'testdb' ); } protected function getDataSet () { return $this -> createFlatXMLDataSet ( dirname ( __FILE__ ). '/_files/bank-account-seed.xml' ); } } ?>

Writing a test
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php' ; class DatabaseTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase { // ... public function testAccountBalanceDeposits () { $bank_account = new BankAccount ( '15934903649620486' , $this -> pdo ); $bank_account -> depositMoney ( 100 ); $bank_account = new BankAccount ( '15936487230215067' , $this -> pdo ); $bank_account -> depositMoney ( 230 ); $bank_account = new BankAccount ( '12348612357236185' , $this -> pdo ); $bank_account -> depositMoney ( 24 ); $xml_dataset = $this -> createFlatXMLDataSet ( dirname ( __FILE__ ). '/_files/bank-account-after-deposits.xml' ); $database_dataset = $this -> getConnection ()-> createDataSet ( array ( 'bank_account' )); } // ... } ?>

Filtering out date_created
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php' ; class DatabaseTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase { // ... public function testAccountBalanceDeposits () { // ... $xml_dataset = $this -> createFlatXMLDataSet ( dirname ( __FILE__ ). '/_files/bank-account-after-deposits.xml' ); $database_dataset = new PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_DataSet_DataSetFilter ( $this -> getConnection ()-> createDataSet ( array ( 'bank_account' )), array ( 'bank_account' => array ( 'date_created' )) ); } // ... } ?>

$this->assertDataSetsEqual($expected, $actual)
Compares all tables in the two data sets
Must have equal and matching tables with equal and matching data
Have I mentioned filters?
$this->assertTablesEqual($expected, $actual)
There is also a table filter!

Writing a test
<?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/TestCase.php' ; class DatabaseTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase { // ... public function testAccountBalanceDeposits () { $bank_account = new BankAccount ( '15934903649620486' , $this -> pdo ); $bank_account -> depositMoney ( 100 ); $bank_account = new BankAccount ( '15936487230215067' , $this -> pdo ); $bank_account -> depositMoney ( 230 ); $bank_account = new BankAccount ( '12348612357236185' , $this -> pdo ); $bank_account -> depositMoney ( 24 ); $xml_dataset = $this -> createFlatXMLDataSet ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/_files/bank-account-after-deposits.xml' ); $this -> assertDataSetsEqual ( $xml_dataset , $this -> getConnection ()-> createDataSet ( array ( 'bank_account' )) ); } // ... } ?>

PHPUnit - Selenium
Selenium is a testing framework for web applications.
Runs tests by controlling a remote browser session
Can inspect the dom, look for events, and much much more
Selenium tests can be made a part of your PHPUnit Test Suite

PHPUnit - Selenium Demo Time!

PHPUnit - Continuous Integration Continuous Integration is a software development practice where members of a team integrate their work frequently, usually each person integrates at least daily, leading to multiple integrations per day. Each integration is verified by an automated build (including test) to detect integration errors as quickly as possible. Many teams find that this approach leads to significantly reduced integration problems and allows a team to develop cohesive software more rapidly. -- Martin Fowler

PHPUnit - PHPUnderControl
Created and maintained by Manuel Pischler
Cruise Control for the php developer
Runs your Unit Tests
Builds your documentation
Lint checks your code
Gives you build and performance metrics
The best thing since sliced bread

PHPUnit - PHPUnderControl Demo Time!

Thank you - Resources
PHPUnit: http://phpun.it, http://planet.phpunit.de
Selenium: http://selenium.openqa.org/
PHPUnderControl: http://www.phpundercontrol.org/
My Site: http://www.digitalsandwich.com
My Employer's Site: http://dev.sellingsource.com
Questions??

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Advanced PHPUnit Testing

by Mike Lively on Jun 04, 2008

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