WoT @ Oracle-Labs

Researching the Web of Things
Dominique GuinardMIT Auto-ID Labs / ETH Zurich / SAP Research

I, in a Nutshell
2005: Bachelor in Fribourg:
RFID Indoor Assets Tracking Framework (RFIDLocator) @ Sun Microsystems
2006 – 2007: Master in Lancaster:
Service architecture for sensorsupported interactions from mobile phones
2007 – 2008: Auto-ID Labs Zurich:
« Mobile Internet of Things » projectwith Nokia Research.
2007 – 2011: SAP:
Socrades & SenseiIoTprojects
2008 – now: Ph.D. @ ETH Zurich:
PervasiveComputing, Web of Things
2010 – now: VisitingResearcher @ MIT:
Web-enablement of the RFID network
Oracle-Labs, Jan. 26, 2011
2
Dominique Guinard MIT / ETH

Introduction and Motivation
What’s the Web of Things? Whatisit good for?
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/moragcasey/]
3

The Embedded Systems Era
Ubiquitous:
Home appliances
Industries
Smart Cities
Connected:
Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wifi
ApplicationIntegration?
4

Finding an Application Integration Platform
Question:
How do weenabletechsavvys and companies to create applications on top of thiseco-system?
Hundreds of differentplatforms
Web?
Scalable (7000 Facebook p/sec.)
Ubiquitous (from mobile to desktop)
Well-understood (1.73 Bio. users)
Thesis:
Re-use and develop Web-standards to build a ThingsUniversal API.
5

The Web of Things
6

Today’s Menu
Motivation
Web of Things Architecture
Applications
Evaluations
Case Study in RFID
Challenges beyond REST
WoT and the business
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/lessio/1346732230/]
7
Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research

Web of Things Architecture
Building a Web of Things, piece by piece…
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/julianbleecker]
8

REST: The Core of the Web
REST: architecture with 5 constraints
Identifyresources and links:
A resource: something, that can and that’s worth, getting a URI and links
Design respresentations
Use the uniform interface
Bringthings to the Internet&Web
[1] RESTful Web Services.
[2] Architectural styles…
9

Case Studywith Sun Spots1) Resources and Links
Thanks to theiratomicity services on embeddeddevices are quiteadapted to Resource-Oriented Architectures.
Resources:
Spots: http://webofthings.com/spots
Spot 2: http://webofthings.com/spots/2
Light Sensor: http://webofthings.com/spots/2/sensors/light
LedActuator: http://webofthings.com/spots/2/actuators/led
Resource Identification
Hypermedia
10

2) Representation Design
HTML as default, ideal for browsing:
http://webofthings.com/spots
JSON & JSONp, ideal for mashups
XML, ideal for integrationwith business systems
Self-Describing Messages
Hypermedia
11

3) Interface Design
Leverage content negotiation:
Accept: application/json
Use the HTTP Verbsextensively:
GET, PUT, POST, DELETE
GET http://webofthings.com/spots/2/sensors/temperature
PUT http://webofthings.com/spots/2/actuators/led/1
Mapstatus codes:
200 OK, 201 Created, 400 Bad Request
Uniform Interface
Self-Describing Messages
12

4) Bringing Things to the Internet&Web: Smart Gateways
6lowpan comingquickly:
Cisco, IPSO, OpenPicus
HTTP Reverse Proxy
HidingIoTproprietaryprotocols (Zigbee, Bluetooth, etc.):
Donglebased
OSGimodularity
Installed on residentialgateways:
Wireless routers (OpenWrt)
NAT
RESTful Design Processcanbe (partially) automated
[3] Facilitating Integration of Services for WoT
13
Demo!

Applications
Whatcanwebuild on top of the Web of Things?
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/docman]
14

TypicalWoT Architecture: « Energie Visible »
Project for a privatefoundation for sustainability (cudrefin02.ch)
Goal: an easilydeployable system for betterunderstandingconsumption:
Cross-platform
Web access
Uses the Ploggsensornodes
Smart Gateway providesRESTful API
15

« Energie Visible »: Mashup and UIs
Web UI / MashupusingJavascript (GWT):
www.webofthings.com/energievisible
E-MeteriPhoneApp
[http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/res/show.html?what=emeter_demo]
[4] Increasing Energy Awareness Through Web-enabled Power Outlets.
16

PhysicalMashup Editors
Clickscript:
Javascript (JQuery / DOJO) based visual language.
Added wrappers for WoT devices:
SunSPOT, Ploggs, RFID reader
Demo!
[http://www.clickscript.ch]
[5] Mashing up Your Web-Enabled Home
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Protecting Access to Things: Friends and Things (FAT)
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[9] “Sharing Using Social Networks in a Composable Web of Things.”

Friends and Things: User Interface
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Demo!

Evaluation
Ok, it’seasier to buildappsupon, but is the WoTreallyfeasible?
[ http://www.flickr.com/photos/myfwc]
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Quantitative Evaluation
10’000 requests on the Sun SPOTs
1) Embedded Webserver:
205 ms (97 – 8500)
Couldbeimprovedwith a proxy!
2) Smart Gateway:
Sync-based (caching)
4 ms (2 – 49)
Age max: 300 ms
Good enough for mostsub-second use cases.
21

NextSteps: Qualitative Evaluations
PloggRESTful API & Sun SPOT API used by ~10 independentresearchlabs.
Early feedback:
Easy to understand and use
Straightforwardtesting & Web-integration
Evaluation with 80 students:
REST easier to understand, more straightforward
REST more adapted to embeddeddevices
22

WEB-enabling the Global Rfid Network
A (business-relevant) case-study in RFID
23

The Web Era
Web
Rise of the WoT:
Ubiquitous & Scalable
The new universalintegration bus
Machines, appliances, sensors, mobile phones consumer electronics are in
Full of apps, widgets and mashups
Whereis RFID?
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EPC Network in a Nutshell
Integration Interface
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Towards a mashable EPC Network
Classical SOAP Web Services adequate for business integration (e.g., ERP):
Not so much for more light-weight, ad-hoc integration
Requirements for new API:
Low entry barrier for developements (easier/cheaper)
Direct data access to users
Lightweight (embedded/mobile devices)
Easy to scale (cloud)
[7] “Why is the Web Loosely Coupled? A Multi-Faceted Metric for Service Design.”
[6] “Restful web services vs. "big" web services: making the right architectural decision.”
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API Design: Addressability & Connectedness
Resources:
Locations, Readers, Tagged objects (EPC), etc.
Links:
Every resource is linked to its children.
And to relevant resources.
http://.../location/migros:basel/reader/warehouse:incoming/time/2009-12-21T13:22:04.000Z/event/EPC
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Wait, the EPCIS is not Hierachical!
The EPCIS data isn‘t really hierachical:
Complex queries become cumbersome:
all events occurring in 2010 for urn:epc:id:sgtin: 0057000.123430.2025
Query-based interface
http://.../eventquery/result?param1=value1&..&paramN=valueN
http://.../eventquery/result?reader=sap:regensdorf:frc:storage&epc=urn:epc:id:sgtin:200057000.*
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Design: Representations
Several representations:
XML: EPCIS standard
JSON: Web integration
HTML: browsability
CSS for browser
CSS for mobile (IUI)
Selected through “HTTP content negotiation”
Atom feeds for subscription to queries.
29

Implementation: EPCIS Web-adapter
30

Performance Evaluation
31

EPC Mashup Dashboard
Javascriptmashup (GWT).
Uses the REST API.
Extensible widget base.
32
Demo!

NextSteps: EPC Cloud @ MIT Auto-ID Labs
33
Demo!

CHAllengesBeyond REST
Whereis/should the Web of Things go?
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/brapke/]
34

Enabling the Real-Time Web: Beyond Client-Server
Client-serverparadigm not reallynatural for sensing application.
Need for sensor push.
First step:
Atom (cleaner RSS) / AtomPub
Real push
HTML5 Websockets
Pubsubhubbub
Server-sent events
XMPP
35

Search and Performances
Finding Services:
HTML5 Microdata
RDFa
WoTSearch:
Google Custom Engine
Yahoo SearchMonkey
Dyser
Performances!
Push vs Pull
Highlyscalable Web-servers
Node.js
Grizzly
Cloud solutions:
GWE
36

WoT & The Business
A Compelling Business Use Case for the WoT
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/daviddmuir/]
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Actors of the (future) WoT Market
« Smart Things » manufacturers:
Consumer « gadgets »:
Violet, Chumby, Poken, Arimaz
Sensors/actuators nets:
Phidget, SunSPOTs, Sentilla, OpenPicus, etc.
Energy Monitoring and Management:
EnergyOptimizers, DiyKyoto, CurrentCost, etc.
[http://violet.net/]
[http://www.chumby.com]
[http://www.plogginternational.com/]
[http://www.diykyoto.com/]
38

« Smart Gateway » providers:
There corporation (ex-Nokia), Oberon.ch, Netgear, Arimaz, ioBridge, etc.
The OSGi folks.
Energydedicatedgateways:
Apple, EnergyOptimizers
[http://therecorporation.com/]
[http://www.netgear.com]
[http://www.arimaz.com]
[http://www.iobridge.com]
39

Software / Cloud solution providers
Pachube
Sensor.Network
Google:
Power Meter
Visualization API
GAE
SAP, Oracle, IBM
SAP MII, AII
IBM SmarterPlanet
SensorEdge Server
[http://code.google.com/apis/charttools]
[http://www.pachube.com]
[http://www.sap.com]
[http://www.google.org/powermeter]
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Wrap Up: Beware, WoTiscoming!
The vision of oureverydayphysical world mergingwith the World Wide Web isbecoming a reality.
There is a need for standards or at least good practices.
The REST architectural style and the Web are a good candidates:
Ubiquitous
Rathereasy to understand
Scalable
Core to the Web
Lightweight, etc.
A lot of WoT consumer-products / business opportunities are emerging.
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Thanks a lot for your attention
Dominique Guinard
Contact details: www.guinard.org
Blog: www.webofthings.com
Software: www.webofthings.com/projects
Papers and articles: www.guinard.org/publications
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References
L. Richardson and S. Ruby. “RESTful Web Services”. O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2007
R. Fielding: “Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures”, 2000
S. Mayer, D. Guinard, V. Trifa: “Facilitating Integration and Interaction of Real-World Services for WoT” UrbanIoT 2010
M. Weiss, D. Guinard: “Increasing Energy Awareness Through Web-enabled Power Outlets” MUM 2010
D. Guinard: “Mashing up Your Web-Enabled Home”, Touch the Web 2010
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All ourpapers are on: www.guinard.org/publications

References
Pautasso, Cesare, Olaf Zimmermann, and Frank Leymann. “Restful web services vs. "big" web services: making the right architectural decision.” WWW '08
Pautasso, Cesare, and Erik Wilde. “Why is the Web Loosely Coupled? A Multi-Faceted Metric for Service Design.” WWW’09
Kindberg, Tim, John Barton, Jeff Morgan, Gene Becker, Debbie Caswell, Philippe Debaty, GitaGopal, et al. “People, places, things: web presence for the real world.” Mob. Netw. Appl. 7, no. 5 (2002): 365-376.
Dominique Guinard, Mathias Fischer, VladTrifa
“Sharing Using Social Networks in a Composable Web of Things.” Proc. of the First IEEE International Workshop on the Web of Things (WOT2010). Mannheim, Germany, March 2010
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Backup
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WoT @ Oracle-Labs

by Dominique Guinard on Jan 27, 2011

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WoT @ Oracle-Labs — Presentation Transcript