My first report of CASE WORK Posted at CRC Bemina MSW 1st Sem. University of Kashmir 2011

1. Title Page No.
Acknowledgement 02
Field work schedule 03
Introduction to Field Work 04
Case work as a method of social work 05
Placement 06
Agency 07
Establishment 07
Aims and objectives of CRC 09
Services offered by CRC 10
Departments running in CRC 11
Structure 12
Location, Road map 13
Hierarchy of CRC 14
Sister organization running under CRC 15
Objectives of Field Work 16
Role of case worker in disabilities 17
Case work process 18
Case background 20
Relationship chat of client 21
First meeting with client 22
Second meeting with client, meeting with grandmother 23
Home visit 25
Interview with neighbor 28
Diagnosis 29
Treatment 30
Termination 32
Application of case work principals 33
Learning 34
Suggestions 35
Limitations 36
Conclusion 37
Bibliography 38
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2. Acknowledgement
I Mohd Aslam student of MSW 1st Sem. From the department Of Sociology and Social
work. Before proceeding to my field work report I want to thank the Department of
Sociology and Social work which provide me an opportunity to collect information
from the grass root level by making direct interaction with the disabled persons
I want to convey my special regards to Mr. Sarfaraz Ahmad Faculty supervisor and Dr.
Zaffar Iqbal agency supervisor who has been all along helping and guiding us in
preparing this report
I also want to thank me co-workers Sumaiya, Mehboob, Gulzar and Ommer
khan for their assistance and contribution in multiple ways.
Mohd Aslam
MSW 1st Sem 2011
Roll No 30917
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3. Field Work Schedule
Day and Date Timing Activity Performed Time spent in Hours
Wednesday 10:30 am to Orientation 5 ½ hour
01 June 2011 4:00 pm
Thursday 10:30 am to Observation and Information about Agency 5 ½ hours
02June 2011 4:00 pm
Wednesday 10:30 am to First meeting with client 5 hours
08 June 2011 3:30 pm
Thursday 10:30 am to Second meeting with client 5 hours
09June 2011 3:30 pm
Wednesday 10:30 am to Attend the lecture of Dr. Vinod Kumar 5 ½ hours
015 June 2011 4:00 pm On Braille
Thursday 10:30 am to Third meeting with client 5 ½ hours
16June 2011 4:00 pm
Wednesday 10:30 am to Introduction about physiotherapy 5 ½ hours
22 June 2011 4:00 pm
Thursday Accompanied group mate to home visit 1 hour
23June 2011
Wednesday 10:30 am to Attend the function of hearing and distribution 4 ½ hours
29 June 2011 3:00 pm camp
Thursday 12:00 am to Home visit 2 hours
30June 2011 02:00 pm
Wednesday 01:00 am Helped my co-worker in home visit 1 hour
06 July 2011 02:00 pm
Thursday 11:00 am Meeting with neighbors 1 hour
07July 2011 12:00 pm
Wednesday Strike
13 July 2011
Thursday 10:30 am to Last meeting for Termination 5 hours
014July 2011 3:30 pm
Total visits
13 days -- -- 52 hours
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4. Introduction to Field Work
The term Field Work may be described as gaining experience by utilizing knowledge and
developing skills to deal with the problems of human beings. Field Work in Social Work
means any kind of practical experience in a social organization or agency.
Field work or Field Study is an important part of Social Work. The concept and all the
problems of social studies are grasped and understood by working in the field the
observations of the social worker in the field also plays an important role in the field
work. Studying of thoughts is incomplete in paper unless and until their practical
application and implication are observed and felt in the field practically.
Field work programme provides an opportunity to students to apply their theoretical
knowledge taught in the class room appropriately in different practical situations.
Similarly, it serves as a social laboratory where in a student tests his theoretical
knowledge in practical situations and develops the skill for social living. It is a way to
transform knowledge through certain skills for social living.
It is evident that fieldwork varies in quality and quantity. It is imparted under the
supervision and guidance of trained and experienced persons (Faculty supervisor and
Agency Supervisor) in social work.
In simple words it can be said that theory without practice is empty and practice without
theory is meaningless
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5. Meaning, Scope and nature of Social Case Work
Social case work means that process which develops personality through adjustment
consciously affected, individual by individual, between men and their social
environment. Perlman (1957) says case work is a process used by certain human welfare
agencies to help the individuals to cope up more effectively with their problems in social
functioning.
The practice of social case work is a humanistic attempt for helping people who have
difficulty in coping with the problems of daily living. It is one of the direct methods
which uses case by case approach for dealing with individuals. Social case work is
primarily related with psychosocial problems. It consists of the study of mental,
emotional, and social factors.
Every social problem is the outcome of many external and internal factors. Therefore
when we deal with the individual problems, we also have to deal with his experiences
and reaction towards his problems. In social case work an individual, group, situation or
phenomena is recognized as a unit of study and various aspects of the unity are studied
properly. In it the social object preserves the unitary character
Case Work as a Method of Social Work
Social case work is a primary method of Social Work, related to psychosocial
problems. It consists of the study of mental emotional and social factor. The
practice of case work is a humanistic attempt for helping people who have
difficulties in coping with the problems of daily living. It is one of the direct
method of social work which uses the case by case approach for dealing with
individuals or families as regards their problems of social functioning.
The process of social case work involves the study of individual problem in
its total setting. It is concerned with the understanding of individuals as
whole personalities and with the adjustment of these individuals to socially
healthy life. As a method of work, it involves a very careful observation of a
problem
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6. Placement
We the students of MSW 1st Sem. Department of Sociology and Social Work of
University of Kashmir has been divided into Eight groups and were sent to various
agencies for our concurrent field work. Our group consisted of five members namely
Sumiya Ashraf
Mehboob Mir
Mohd. Aslam Lone
Gulzar Ahmad Padder
Ommer Khan
We were placed in Composite Regional Centre Bemina (CRC) for our concurrent field
work. Under the supervision of Mr Sarfaraz Ahmad (Faculty Supervisor) and Dr. Zaffar
Iqbal (the agency supervisor).
In the Composite regional Center our group was distributed among various
departments for the case studies. I was placed in Department of Physiotherapy for my
case study.
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7. Agency
Introduction
Composite Regional centre is a governmental organization for persons with disabilities.
The institution is serving the persons with all kinds of disabilities. The institution
catering the comprehensive rehabilitation service and special education to locomotors,
speech and hearing, mentally challenged, visual impaired and persons with multiple
disabilities through well equipped departments.
Establishment
Composite Regional Centre for persons with disabilities came into existence in the year
2000 It is situated near Sheri –i- Kashmir institute of Medical Science, Bemina Srinagar
(J&K). Its foundation was laid down by Manika Gandi in 1995-1996.
It has been established by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Govt. of
India under the persons with disabilities (equal opportunities, protection of rights and full
participation) Act 1995 which enjoys both the central and state Govts. To take large no of
steps for disabled which covers both preventive and promotional aspects of
rehabilitation like education, health, employment, vocational tanning, research, and
manpower development for persons with disabilities
The institution is serving the persons with all kinds of disabilities. The institution
catering the comprehensive rehabilitation service and special education to locomotors,
speech and hearing, mentally challenged, visual impaired and persons with multiple
disabilities through well equipped departments.
The govt. of India, Ministry of Social Justice and empowerment has established National
Institutes in each major area
 National Institute for visually handicapped, Dehradun
 National Institute for orthopedically handicapped, Kolkata
 National Institute for Mentally Handicapped, Andhra Pradesh
 Ali Yawar Jung National Institute for Hearing handicapped Mumbai
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8. However the present institutional framework doesn’t appear to be adequate particularly
in the view of persons disability Act (1995)
In this context it was proposed to setup six composite regional centers for persons with
disabilities in certain regions of the country which will provide services in the field of
disability rehabilitation covering all the areas
The Composite Regional Centre Srinagar is one among the Six Composite Regional
Centers in the county
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9. Aims and Objectives of Composite Regional Centre
 Human Resource Development by training rehabilitation professionals, village
level workers, multi rehabilitation workers
 Linkage with existing medical, educational, and employment services following
the principals of community based rehabilitation (CRC) and offer extension
services in the rural areas
 To provide rehabilitation service to the persons with disabilities
 To serve as resource centre for rehabilitation and special education for persons
with disabilities
 Disability evaluation and certification
 Vocational training and employment
 Counseling, guidance and involvement of parents and family
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10. Services Offered by
Composite Regional Centre Srinagar
The Centre is delivering the following comprehensive rehabilitation services to persons
with disabilities. The services at glance are:
 Hearing Evaluation
 Speech and Language Assessment
 Auditory Training
 Speech and language Therapy
 Hearing Aid distribution under ADIP
 Pre-School and Model School for children with hearing impaired &
intellectually challenged
 Psychotherapy
 Family counseling
 Special education Assessment
 Physiotherapy
 Electrotherapy
 Occupational therapy
 Fabrication of artificial limb
 Belt, Wheel chair
 Facilitation in job placement of persons with disabilities in private and
govt. sector
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11.  Parents training programme.
Departments running in Composite Regional Centre
Deptt. Of Rehabilitation Psychology
Deptt. Of Speech and Hearing
Deptt. Of Prosthetics and Orthotics
Deptt. Of Occupational Therapy
Deptt. Of Physiotherapy
Deptt. Of Deptt. vocational Training and Employment
Deptt. Of Special Education
Model School for children with special needs
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12. Structure of Composite Regional Centre
Speech &
Language Exam Hall
Canteen
Faculty Room
P. T O. T Exit Mental Psychology
Prosthetic
Orthotics
Fitting room
Rehabilitation Toilet
Exit Auditorium
Entry Upstairs
Toilet Administration Office
Class Rooms
Library
Special Entry
School VI Director Conference
Room
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13. Location of Composite Regional Centre
Composite Regional Centre (CRC) is located at Bemina 6 Km away from the heart
of Srinagar (Lal Chowk) in the north, near Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical
Sciences Bemina. We can approach CRC via National Highway by pass.
Road Map
Baramulla
Composite Regional
Centre Bemina
Polytechnic CRC Hajj House Bye Pass
J&K BOSE SKIMS Bemina
Islamabad
Qamarwari
Bemina, Batamaloo
Lal chowk
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14. Hierarchy in CRC
Director (Hilal Ahmad Paray)
Deputy Director (Bashir Ahmad) HOD Academics: (Dr. Zaffar Iqbal)
Rehabilitation Centre: (Shameem Ahmad)
Office Head: (Irshad Ahmad)
Deptt. Heads:
OPD Deptt: Arifa PT Deptt.: Tahmeena MR Deptt. Mehjabeen VI Deptt. Vinod Singh
OT Deptt. Vinod Kumar Reh. Psychology: Nazia Special School: Aalia
Other Persons involved in Composite Regional Centre are
Librarian: Khursheed Ahamad
Store Keeper: Gowher Ah.
Receptionist: Rifat, Afroza, Gulshan
Gardner’s: M. Yousf, Javid Ah. And Rafeeq
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15. Driver: Parvaiz Ah.
Canteen: Manzoor Ahmad
Night Chowkidar: Manzoor Ah.
Gate Keeper: Ab Rashid, Hyder.
Sister Organization running under the supervision of Composite Regional Centre
Six District disability centers are working under CRC, Srinagar. These are
as under:
 District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Udhumpore.
 District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Baramulla.
 District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Leh.
 District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Anantnag.
 District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Doda.
 District Disability Rehabilitation Centre at Poonch.
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16. Objectives of Field Work
1. To study the nature, scope, extension and magnitude of case
work in the organization.
2. To understand the application of case work principles in
practice.
3. To study the process of case work (intake, study, assessment,
intervention, termination, evaluation)
4. To study ways of diagnosing problems and preparing treatment
plan.
5. To learn the interviewing process in case work.
6. To learn the techniques and skills used in case work process.
7. To conduct counseling/home visits.
8. To prepare case work records.
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17. Role of case work in disabilities
Disable persons are the weaker sections of our society and needs proper care and
opportunities so that they cannot feel isolated from the society. Every person has a
greater role in the upliftment of the disabled persons, so is the role of the
professional Social worker. The social case worker uses scientific techniques and
skills to provide services to the differently able persons.
Serious illness and disability account for many of the problems addressed by social
services. In addition to the need for adequate primary care, the ill and disabled also
frequently face disruption or loss of income, inability to meet family
responsibilities, the long-term process of recovery or adjustment to handicaps, and
ongoing care in the form of medication, therapy, and the observance of dietary or
other precautions.
In some countries, medical social workers are local-authority social workers who
have been attached to hospitals, local general-practice health centres, and child
guidance agencies. They provide the counseling and other supportive services
required by the physically ill and the disabled and their families. Especially in
countries where free medical care is not available to the poor, the responsibility for
means-testing gives the workers an additional, advisory role with respect to their
clients' financial problems. Personal social services make arrangements for
domiciliary care in the form of regular visits from home-helpers and occupational
therapists; special appliances and home adaptations are supplied either by personal
social services or by health services. In the case of severely disabled people
personal social services run day-care centres to provide relief for family care
providers and small residential homes for the most dependent disabled when they
no longer require hospital care.
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18. Case work process
Investigation(intake study)
Intake is the administrative process which starts with the forst encounter and ends
usually with the second interview either with the case worker or the intake worker.
This stage is very crucial and it requires a very skillfull probing into clients
problem gathering all the relevant information about the person. The intake worker
focuses on certain questions like
What are the needs of person?
How and where his needs can be met?
The nature of the request, Does the request relates directly with the needs?
His occupation. The person who is accompany him.
The level of frequency in which he is talking.
His appearance? Dress? Level of language frequency? etc
These questions give a broad picture of the person and other areas. The intake
procedure if implemented properly helps the agency to avoid wastage of resources,
frustration to the client and helps in utilizing time in a better way.
Study: Study is the process of gathering all the possible information of the client.
It requires an analysis of social, psychological and biological determinants of the
clients current stressful situation. It may seek to include historical data on related
past life experiences and facts responsible. These are some methods of data
collection for study, they are observation, interview, home visits, and recording.
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19. I was assigned the case by the agency supervisor for my case work study
process and intervention. His personal data is as:
Identifying information
Name of the Client: Beeba (name changed)
Age: 48 years
Sex : Female
Religion: Muslim
Education: Nill
Address: Noorbagh Srinagar
Nature of the problem: My client was fell from Motor cycle
Nature of Client: My client is extrovert, loneliness and has depression
Date of admission in the agency: 12- May- 2011
Reason of Admission: she was not in position to movement with arm and was
send to the agency
Fathers Name: Late Gh.Hassan Bhat (name changed)
Occupation: Labour
Education: Illiterate
Income: 3000/month
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20. Mothers name: Hajra (name Changed)
Occupation: House Wife
Education: Illiterate
Case background
My client is a 48 year old lady woman, she lived a happy life. One day she
heard a news that her husband had died due to some Grenade explosion that
had happened in Srinagar in 1963. At that time my client went by motor cycle
to the hospital and on the way she was fell from it that leads to her disability.
From that time she (client) is also suffering from Hypertension and Dubieties
Family Tree of my Client
BEEBA (Client) Name changed
c
H
D Son Daughter
D
Grand Children
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21. Relationship of my Client with Family Members
son
Relatives
Client
Daughter
Daughter in law
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22. Preliminary Study
The background of the above case was studied carefully. A thorough reading from
the case file of the agency was made. Certain information was collected from the
members of the department, and I thought over the entire case to understand the
logic reason of the problem of my client.
First Meeting with the client:
On 08th June 2011, I was assigned the case and Dr Vinod accompanied with me
and introduced my work with the departmental head. During the first meeting my
client was very silent. This was natural because he was meeting the caseworker, a
virtual stranger, for the first time. He did not know anything about the caseworker.
Normally no one would like to discuss personal problems with unknown person.
Being the first visit I decided to introduce myself to him, to make him feel I was
his friend, philosopher, and enabler. Generally the friendship cannot be developed
in one meeting but to begin with one has to try to make the other feel that he is
interested in being a friend. Friendship develops on the basis of nature like
mindedness, interests, feelings, positive attitudes, good approaches and the like so
to strike a relation of friendship with him I decided to understand his interests likes
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23. and dislikes. All efforts were put in to create a cordial atmosphere and I managed
to create a feeling of assurance in him.
It was the the first meeting and I decided not to take a lot of time.I asked
her to come tomorrow so that I will get more information and she agreed.
Second Meeting with the client:
In the second meeting when I enter into the agency she was laying on her bed and
was looking fresh and waiting for me to come to the agency. I was very happy to
see this and I got confidence and this was a sign of acceptance as a friend. I take
this opportunity and started communicate with my client as :
Caseworker: How are you feeling nowadays?
Client: better to some extent. But I am not feeling well properly.
Caseworker: are you having pain all the day:
Client: no! but whenever I carry anything I get severe pain, it is a big problem, I
cannot help my daughter in law in house hold work. I do not want to be burden on
them.
Caseworker: Please can you tell me about that accident.
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24. Client: She said some 17 years before I was at home and somebody told me that
grenade explosion has happened in Srinagar in which my husband had injured. I
went to the hospital by the motor cycle and on the way I fell from it.
Caseworker: didn’t you get the immediate treatment after the accident?
Client: No my dear, the conditions were very bad. I was unable to meet the doctor.
His death broke me and make me all alone. I just wanted to die at that time. But
who can change the fate.
She got nervous and I don’t want to play with her emotions I tolerated the situation
taking into consideration the principle of controlled emotional involvement and
diverted her attention towards the day’s climate.
She told me that she has to left for some personal matter.
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25. Home Visit
Home visit in simpler terms means to make a visit to clients home on
his consent. The importance of family has been well recognized by the
personnel in social work especially in the study of emotional, social and
physical aspects of family life is necessary to plan the treatment
effectively. It is also very important to gather sufficient details of
information so that our prediction has less chance of being based on
prejudices and this is achieved easily and effectively through home
visits
Home visits aim at therapeutic, sustaining and preventive measures as
well. At the W.H.O. European conference on Mental Hygiene Practice
1959 it was recommended that home visits should be used for
diagnostic purposes as well as for treatment and supervision of long
term patients in their own homes
By home visit one sees the environment in which the patient lives
observes family and other relevant social interactions at first hand and
develops a fuller diagnostic understanding of the patient for
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26. appropriate treatment planning. Home visit has thus become an
effective tool in total treatment programme.
Home visit of my client
Before the visit my client has asked me to take the consent of my son . I make a
one call to her son and asked wether I would come or not. His son give me a
permission. I along my co-workers left from the agency. It was about 12 km’s
away from the agency. We knocked the door of my client’s house and two
members of the come out, I told about myself and my purpose. They welcome us
and asked to come in.
I asked about my client’s health and presence.
They replied that she has went to agency for her daily exercise and said she has
recovered to some extent.
Then I discussed with her daughter in law as:
Caseworker: is there any behavioral change since accident?
Daughter in law: A lot of change has happened from that time, especially after her
surgeries. She often shows a rude behavior and lose her temperament
Caseworker: I asked her about the cause of Beeba’s problem?
Daughter in law: she replied the same storey as my client had described earlier
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27. Caseworker: is there any medical intervention going on?
Daughter in law: yes she replied. She goes for checkup every week. Our families
half income is spent on her
Environment at Home: Observations
 My client is living in a small house with only four rooms plastered with mud
 Old fashioned house one storied showing her low economic conditions
 Having small lawn with limited space for recreation
 Polluted environment
 Poor economic conditions
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28. Interviews with neighbors:
I enquired about the case from the neighbors who gave the different picture about
my clients condition. I came to know that from last eight years their condition were
very poor. They would have not proper meals, medication for Beeba, after the
death of her husband their condition changed as he was the only earning hand of
the family.
She must be linked to any governmental scheme for financial assistance so that she
may have proper medication. Her neighbors are very helpful and are always ready
to help her in one or the other way.
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29. Diagnosis
“Diagnosis: the client seeks help to solve his problem. To solve problems, one
must know the cases. The diagnostic process helps in organizing these
causative factors in one whole, thereby making it more meaningful. One can see
the whole and its parts in relation to each other
According to Perlman 1957 diagnosis process involves examining the part of a
problem for their particular nature and organization, for the inter relationships
among them, for the relation between them and the means of their solution.
Thus the diagnostic process according to her includes the conclusions this
process leads to, stating that the trouble seems to be, how it is related to goal,
and what means the agency, case worker and client himself can bring to bear
upon the trouble.”
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30. Diagnosis of my client
Apart from her physical disability It was diagnosed that my client
is having:
Depression: because of the poor economic condition and
hypertension my client often remains in depression
Extrovert person: she talks with me too much showing her
extrovertness
Sensitive person: my client was full of emotions and was unable to
control her emotions
Treatment
The purpose, for which social study and psychosocial assessment (diagnosis) are
undertaken, is case work intervention (treatment). The first stage in intervention
involves planning. The questions to be answered by the worker at this stage are:
“what kind of Treatment will best stabiles or improve the clients functioning or
better meet his needs?” in terms of the social adaptation or adjustment, which
will be of most value to him?” it is important to stress, however that each step in
treatment must be taken jointly with the client since he is the person who will
ultimately determine his engagement in this process. The aptitude, skills, and
knowledge of the individual worker may promote the treatment process.
Plan of treatment
The first help my requires is remove the gap between my client and her daughter-
in-law. Make him a member of the family. The treatment plan should be of long
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31. run. Therefore such a problem should be solved effectively. Taking all the
conditions into account, a proper treatment plan was to be prepared.
The treatment plan reads as:
1: It was necessary to render family counseling. As this counseling was
required to create a favorable atmosphere of my client as she was in
deep trouble. It was necessary to make her relations with her family
members good.
2: To link client with social welfare department. I linked my client with the
social welfare department which will provide her widow pension scheme
monthly
3: motivated her in building self confidence
Counseling: Counseling is a process to assist to the individuals in
understanding himself vis a vis his situation and problems, in exploring alternate
solutions, in taking most appropriate decisions in the situation, and in enhancing
his capacity to solve problems independently. Counseling is not possible without
rapport and effective communication. No attempt is made in counseling to go
deeper into the personality pattern of the counselee. The system of study,
assessment, goal formation, treatment planning, treatment and termination of social
case work is not followed in counseling. Interviewing techniques in counseling are
the same as are used in case work.
The counselor like the case worker works with the counselee to adjust to the
situation though he never tries to change the situation of the counselee. Counseling
also enables the counselee to solve his future problems on his own that is it leads to
self counseling .Counseling also helped to remove all the misunderstanding
between the two families.
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32. Being a fresh student of social work it was difficult for me to counsel
the clients family. So before going into the family of my client a counseling session
was planned. with the help of social work skills and techniques I removed the gap
between the client and her daughter in law and there was a change in both and a
favourable atmosphere was created.
Termination and evaluation
As my client was processing well I think that I should terminate the
case, but I also suggested her to have a close contact with the agency for
her regular exercises and also to present herself before the social
welfare department per month so as to get widow pension.
The purpose of evaluation as a process of case work is to see If our
rwork are yielding any result or not. If the techniques used are serving
the purpose and if the goals are being achieved. The process of
intervention designed by me was to some extent was result oriented and
each cause of action resulted into a desired reaction. I will do the further
follow-ups and the rehabilitation process is still going on.
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33. Application of case Work Principals
.
Principle of acceptance
Principle of confidentiality
Principle of controlled emotional involvement
Principle of non judjemental attitude
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34. Principle of communication
Learning’s
 Exposure to field work
 Skills for building a good relations
 I came to know about various disabilities in Kashmir
I came to know the importance of communication.
 Learned to understand non-verbal communication
 I Learned how to implement theory in practice
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35.  I Learnt that Rapport building is not an easy job as it
seems to be.
 I Learnt that even a disabled person has such capacities
that normal persons lack.
Suggestions
 Family should not take disabled persons the as burden, they
should support them.
 Transport facilities should be provided to disabled persons
 Proper awareness about different schemes for disabled
 Provide recreational facilities
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36. Limitations
 The time period was limited to 13 visits only.
 There was no proper record of clients in the agency.
 Lack of infrastructure
 Lack of transport facilities.
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37. conclusion
A disabled person should be treated as friendly. We should not
consider them as a burden rather we should treat them in such a
way so that they will not feel themselves as dependent. We should
treat the disabled person just like any other member of the family.
He/She should be not rejected,because with proper training a
disabled can take care himself/herself if given a chance. We should
always be empathetic towards the disabled persons.
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38. Bibliography
Batcharia, S. (2002). Social Work an integrated approach. Bhopal: Deep and Deep Publication Pvt. Ltd.
maga. (2009, May June). Composite Regional Centre . pp. 1-8, 19-25.
Perlman. (2002). Social Case Work. university of chicago: chicgo press
Subhedar, I. S. (2001). Field Work Training in Social Work. jaipur India: Rawat Publication.
Upadhyay, R. K. (2003). Social Case Work, A Therapeutic Approach. Jaipur India: Rawat Publications.
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