Bangladesh

One of the ten poorest nations of the world ‘ Basket case’- Henry Kissinger

One of the ten poorest nations of the world

‘ Basket case’- Henry Kissinger

Poverty 1990- 58.8% people below poverty line 2003- 50% people below the poverty line Rising rural urban inequality between 1990s and 2000s Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 28.6%

Poverty

1990- 58.8% people below poverty line

2003- 50% people below the poverty line

Rising rural urban inequality between 1990s and 2000s

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 28.6%

HDI rank 2003 139 th ranking out of 177 countries (Worst performer in South Asia) HPI-1 rank 86 th ranking out of 103 developing countries (Worst performer in South Asia) Gender-related development index (GDI) 105 th rank out off 140 countries

HDI rank 2003 139 th ranking out of 177 countries

(Worst performer in South Asia)

HPI-1 rank 86 th ranking out of 103 developing countries

(Worst performer in South Asia)

Gender-related development index (GDI) 105 th rank out off 140 countries

Sectoral contribution Contribution to GDP Employment Agri 20% 63% Manu 26% 11% Services 54% 26%

Contribution to GDP Employment

Agri 20% 63%

Manu 26% 11%

Services 54% 26%

Reasons of low development Lack of capital –very low savings rate 7% average investment –GDP ratio (worst among the ten poorest countries of the world) Mismatch in factor endowment and factor intensity Low productivity-TFP has not gone up significantly since 1972 Capacity utilization - about 40% in public sector and 70% in private sector Low FDI –performance and preferred location

Lack of capital –very low savings rate 7%

average investment –GDP ratio (worst among the ten poorest countries of the world)

Mismatch in factor endowment and factor intensity

Low productivity-TFP has not gone up significantly since 1972

Capacity utilization - about 40% in public sector and 70% in private sector

Low FDI –performance and preferred location

Acute pressure on land –virtually no land reforms Bad governance and arbitrary price control-second highest price distortion index in world(World Bank) Corruption and mismanagement Underutilization of labour potential Large scale migration of labour

Acute pressure on land –virtually no land reforms

Bad governance and arbitrary price control-second highest price distortion index in world(World Bank)

Corruption and mismanagement

Underutilization of labour potential

Large scale migration of labour

Land constraints

Natural disasters

joi bangla