1. A tribe in the Northeast of the USA : The Algonquians Antoine Leplingard Julien Remaud 2 nd A-C

2. Introduction Hello ! My name is Georges Smith. I'm a young scientist and I've created a machine which is able to travel in the past. To try my machine, I went to the North of the USA and in Canada, far in the past, and I discovered a fantastic tribe : The Algonquians. So, I will show you their lifestyle and their customs. I invite you to follow me in my wonderful travel.

3. The region and its characteristics Algonquian is a language family, which is a group of related languages. An Algonquian tribe is simply a tribe that speaks an Algonquian language. First, my travel made me go to the North-east of the United States of America and in Canada, more exactly instead of Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey. They were also in the place of a famous modern city : New York but they were mainly in Canada. They were a bit in the middle of USA. In this regions, there were great lakes, rivers, plains area, rocky highlands, forests and valleys. The region were bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, so, there were lots of beaches. The climate was temperate, like in France. It means that in winter it's quite cold and rainy and in summer it's quite hot and there were sometimes heat waves. Great lakes Were the Algonquians lived.

4. Lexicon : Famous : Everybody knows this thing or people ( like Zidane ) Instead of : a thing or people which has taken the place of another one Mainly : The most important Rocky highlands : A place where there are mountains and rocks To border : example : France is bordered by Germany, Italy … To mean : A synonym of “to signify” Heat waves : It's a period where it is very hot and dry

5. Their food Algonquians were mainly hunters. They also were gatherers, planters and trappers. Algonquians did some farming. They used fish to fertilize their corn fields. Thanks to the proximity of the sea, they were able to eat clams during clambakes. Men ate mainly caribou, beaver, otter and game. Women ate principally grew corns, beans, squash, berries. I think that their food differed from the seasons. They probably ate meats in winter and autumn. They ate cereals, fruits in summer and spring. The rice was surely eaten all the year. A hunter A caribou Clams

6. Lexicon : Fertilize : In French, we add an “R” at the end of the word ( sorry, too hard to explain …) Corn : A synonym of “cereals” Clam : French word is “palourde” Clambake : When we eat lots of clams Beaver : An animal which has big teeth and he's able to build barrages Otter : “Loutre” Game : Animal we hunt Beans, squash and berries : Vegetables To differ : In French, we add “er” at the end of the word... Probably : Synonym of maybe

7. Clothes Algonquians wore elk and deer hides, decorated with shells, stones, seeds, paints, dyes and porcupine quills. Men wore breechcloth and women wore wraparound skirts. If they desired, they were able to wear belts, leggings and moccasins. In winter, everybody wore fur-lined shawls and turkey down robes. A woman who is wearing a wraparound skirt

8. Lexicon : Elk : An animal which has big horns on his head Shells : Thing we can find on the beach, in the sand Stones : In French : une pierre Seeds : “ des graines” Dyes : A substance which give an object a colour Porcupine quills : In French : “des aiguilles de porc-épic” Breechcloth : “un pagne” Belts : In a car, we must put our security belt. Fur-lined : “Fourré” A Shawl : “un châle”

9. Shelter Algonquians lived in villages which were around 800 or 900 Indians. Each family lived in a wigwam. The roof was done with bark and animals hides. It looked like a dome-shaped. They hide a moose hung in the doorway to protect them of cold. Inside the wigwam, cedar branches and rush mats covered the ground. Indians slept on spruce boughs covered with skins. They sat on rolled-up skins and hides. There were often only one family in each wigwam but the biggest one were able to host many families ( 2 or 3 ). Many villages had tall staked fences around them called “palisades” A wigwam

10. Lexicon : The roof : The part of a house which is above your head Bark : “Écorce” Hides : Animal skin Moose : “un orignal” Hung : A thing which is in suspension Cedar : A sort of tree Rush mats : “Nattes de jonc” Spruce boughs : “des branches d'épinette” Rolled-up skin : “de la peau enroulée”

11. Tools, weapons and arts Men used canoes, traps, utensils and weapons. They had spears to help them catch fish and eels from the bow of the canoe. Women made fishnets, mats and bark containers. Birchbark boxes were decorated with porcupine quills. These were used to collect roots and berries. Algonquian liked art. They took natural objects as model for their artwork. They decorated their clothes and bags with flowers, leaves and stems. A Birchbark box

12. Lexicon : Traps : When you want to hunt animals, you make traps to catch them Spears : A piece of wood with a arrowhead. It's a weapon Eels : A sort of fish The bow : The beginning of a canoe A fishnet : something to catch fishes Mats : Synonym of carpet Roots : “des racines” Leaves : Natural things which fall of trees in autumn Stems : “des tiges”

13. The culture Snowsnake was a game played by the tribes of the Great Lakes. A snowsnake was a long, smooth stick of maple wood. To play the game the Indians packed down the snow on a long, level strip of ground. Each player slid the stick along the ground, taking turns. The one who slid the stick the farthest was the winner. The Pow Wows : Every six months the Algonquins ( the tribes who speak Algonquian ) met together for a Pow Wow or a general meeting. Each tribe brought its chief to the Pow Wow council. This meeting was an occasion to feast, dance and have fun. A general meeting

14. Lexicon : A long, smooth stick of maple wood : “Un long bâton lisse en bois d'érable” To pack down : Tasser A long, level strip of ground : “la pente” Slid : in winter you do that with a luge in the mountain. Farthest : “ le plus loin ”

15. Some interesting things ... Pocahontas and Black Hawk were famous native Algonquian. To protect their babies from nightmares, the Algonquians put dreamcatchers above beds. They thought that dreamcatchers were able to avoid babies to do bad dreams. Lexicon : Nightmares : bad dreams To avoid : “empêcher” Dreamcatche r Pocahontas

16. Conclusion I think that you know more about my new friends. I hope you've enjoy my work. For my part, my machine has been broken, so, I hope that a very clever scientist will build another one to bring me back to the 20 th century because after 2 months in the 16 th century I begin to be bored ! PLEASE, SAVE ME !