Sleep Disorders

Slide 2: Lack of Sleep Dyssomnias VS Disturbed sleep Parasomnias Excessive Sleep

Slide 3: Lack of Sleep Sleep Insomnia Deprivation

Slide 4: Insomnia Insomnia is the inability to fall asleep. It is common problem that most people experience at least occasionally.

Slide 5: Why? Consequently, insomnia often disrupts daily life. It can result from - Diet (intake of caffeine or alcohol) - Stress - Emotional Difficulties - Underlying Disease

Slide 6: Result When it occurs, people feel tired much of the time and often worry a lot about not getting enough sleep.

Slide 7: Sleep Deprivation Actually sleep deprivation is not a Disorder. It just indicates that a person has not been getting enough sleep.

Slide 8: Result It’ll affect person’s judgment, reaction-time, hand-eye coordination, memory, general well-being and immune system.

Slide 9: How can I know that I am a Sleep Deprived patient? Feeling drowsy during the day?   Falling asleep for very short period of time(5 min or so) ?  Regularly falling asleep immediately after lying down?

Slide 10: It means you need more SLEEP!!! Go to bed NOW !!!

Slide 11: Disturbed Sleep Sleep Apnea REM sleep behavior Disorder Restless Leg Syndrome(RLS) and Periodic limb movement Disorder

Slide 12: Sleep Apnea Sleep Apnea is interrupted breathing during sleep. It usually occurs because of a mechanical problem in the windpipe. But it also indicates a neurological disorder involving nerve cells (neurons).

Slide 13: Process As people age, muscle tone relaxes, which 1) may cause the windpipe to collapse. This condition is called Obstructive 3) Sleep Apnea. It results in loud snoring and blocked air 5) flow through the windpipe.

Slide 14: It lasts from 10 to 60 seconds. 1) People may be gasping or snorting. 3) And then the brain quickly reacts to 5) the sudden lack of oxygen, the muscles tighten. Windpipe opens. 7)

Slide 15: Why? Narrow nasal passages, enlarged tonsils, and obesity are factors that may contribute to obstructive sleep apnea. It also may be related to alcohol, tobacco, or sedatives.

Slide 16: Result  The sleep cycle can be interrupted as many as 100 times a night.  Everytime the windpipe closes, the brain is deprived of oxygen.

Slide 17:  Thislack of oxygen eventually can cause problems morning headaches and decreased mental function.  Highrisk for heart disease and stroke

Slide 18: REM Sleep behavior disorder It causes disruptions in the brain during REM sleep.

Slide 19: Process P M SLEE RE Cerebral Cortex Signal Pons Thinking Sig & na l tion izing Informa Organ Muscles

Slide 20: Result It causes a type of temporary ) paralysis. In a person with REM sleep behavior ) disorder, these signals translate into images that make up dreams.

Slide 21: If the signals are interfered with, the ) person may physically act out dreams during sleep. For example, if a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder dreams about running, he or she might actually get up and run. As a result of this condition, patients may ) injure themselves or others. BUT !!! REM sleep behavior disorder is rare.

Slide 22: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) It is a common sleep disorder, especially in the elderly. Also RLS is a genetic disorder

Slide 23: Result Itcauses patients to want to move their legs. It often results in insomnia.

Slide 24: PLMD causes jerking in the legs  or arms that occurs frequently during resting or sleeping. Jerking may occur as many as 3 times in a minute and each jerk can wake the patient.

Slide 25: Excessive Sleep Disorder Narcolepsy Cataplexy Sleep paralysis Hypnagogic hallucinations

Slide 26: Narcolepsy It is a condition that causes patients to fall asleep uncontrollably throughout the day for periods lasting less than a minute to more than half an hour.

Slide 27: These sleep attacks can occur at anytime, even while the person is engaged in an activity !!!

Slide 28: Process During sleep, narcoleptics have  an abnormal sleep pattern: They enter REM sleep prematurely without going through the normal sequence of sleep stages.

Slide 29: Narcolepsy usually is a b genetic (inherited) disorder, although it may be associated with brain damage or neurological disease.

Slide 30: When? age : 15 - 30  When people get pregnant, ill, a fever, or stress.

Slide 31: Result often feel tired most of the I time. cataplexy, I and sleep paralysis.

Slide 32: Cataplexy Cataplexy is weakness or 7 paralysis of the muscles. When cataplexy occurs, persons 7 who are standing may fall down.

Slide 33: 7 In narcoleptic patients, it may be triggered by tiredness and intense emotions and may be accompanied by short, sudden episodes of laughter or anger.

Slide 34: Sleep paralysis Sleep paralysis is the W inability to move the arms, legs, or entire body that occurs when a person is falling asleep or waking up.

Slide 35: Result People who experience sleep paralysis o may become very anxious and often regain movement only if they hear a loud noise or another stimulus.

Slide 36: Hypnagogic hallucinations or pre-sleep dreams Hypnagogic hallucinations or  pre-sleep dreams, are dream-like hallucinations that occur in the transition between being awake and being asleep.

Slide 37: Often, they are very 4 vivid, frightening dreams.

Slide 39: Sources: http://www.neurologychannel.com/sleepdisorders/types.shtml http://www.athealth.com/consumer/disorders/Sleep.html