Environmental Impact Assessment of Sentosa Integrated Resort

Environment Impact Assessment of Integrated Resort at Sentosa Island
DE5106 Environmental Management and Assessment
Presentation by:
Abhineet Jain
Deepika Shrestha
Jaideep Singh Panwar
Joyce Koh Quee Hua
November Tan Peng Ting
Sujas Prasad Phuyal
Truong Manh Thang

Overview
Introduction
Assumptions
Description of Environment
Environmental Impacts
Mitigations
Alternatives
Environmental Management Plan
Public Consultation & Disclosure
Inferences

Environmental Impact Assessment
What it is?
Systematic examination of possible impact of proposed development activity
Why it is?
To Investigate likelihood of this activity in creating significant adverse effect to the surrounding environment
When it is?
Before the commencement of the proposed activity
What it covers?
Impact to the Physical environment, Ecological unit, Ecosystem, Socio-economy, Public health etc…

The Project
Singapore Government has announced the construction of integrated world class resort in Sentosa Island
It includes construction of world’s largest Oceanarium, largest theme park in Asia and six world class five star hotels.
Other features includes: the Maritime Xperiential Museum, Equarius Water Park, The Spa by ESPA, FestiveWalk, Hotels and Casino
The project will cover total of 49 hectare
The Genting International and Star Cruises consortium have won the bid for construction.
The resort is expected to be in operation by 2010

Assumptions
March 2006: Government announces a tender for the Integrated Resort
We were contracted by the Government to survey the environmental consultants to do initial scoping and survey of the environment
October 2006: A proposal from Genting International is received by the Government
The full EIA is conducted between Oct 06 and March 07
November 2007, we make a special presentation on the EIA study

It is assumed that public consultation was carried out
An alternative site has not been considered given that the Government has pre-designated the present site
The information used in this study is limited mostly to secondary sources of information given practical limitations
Assumptions

Description of Environment
Physical Resources
Climate
Soil
Geology
Topography
Ecological Resources
Marine Ecosystems
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Rare or Endangered Species
Protected Area
Economic Development
Industries and Tourism Facilities
Infrastructure
Utilities
Social and Cultural Resources

Historical Map of Development area prior to 1970 (Source: URA) Cable Car Tower Tidal Creeks Mature Secondary Forest

Physical Resources
Climate: uniform temperature, high humidity and rainfall; NE, SW monsoon
Soil: Sandy loam from deeply weathered sandstone; good for vegetation growth
Geology: Jurong Formation ( conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones and siltstones) and Kallang Formation (sediments found in low-lying swamp and estuarine areas, on beaches, mudflats and the inter-tidal rock platforms)
Topography: Mount Imbiah (61.8m), Pulau Selegu (18.3m) and Pulau Sarong (15.2m). Landscape altered by reclamation in 1970s of the foreshore at Kuchin Creek, Imbiah Bay, Pulau Selegu, Pulau Sarong and Telok Chumpang. Completed in 1979. There was also reclamation offshore for the extension of the main ferry terminal in 1976.

Ecological Resources
Marine Ecosystems: Reduced coral reef size (339.35m 2 ) but still many >2m diameter corals. Consist 0.2-0.4% of Singapore’s total coral reefs area. Total of 8 different phyla of animals found (echinoderms, corals, crabs, sponges, mollusk, anemones and fishes)
Terrestrial Ecosystems : Mature secondary forest at foot of Mount Imbiah. More diverse than forest on hill slopes and top of hill developed. Disturbed forest due to construction of Mount Imbiah Nature Trail in 1986.
Rare or Endangered Animals: Based on Singapore Red Data Book (Ng & Wee eds., 1994)
Protected Areas: No protection status on Sentosa but initial development plans were to leave as much undisturbed as possible

Economic Development
Industries: British Fort till WWII then earmarked for tourism in 1968 to date.
Tourism Facilities: Now defunct Asian Village, Enchanted Grove of Tembusu, Sentosa Food Centre, Orchid Gardens, Volcano Land, Lost Civilization, Ferry Terminal, Waterfront Promenade
Infrastructure: Causeway across Keppel Channel, Cable Car, Bus Services, Sentosa Express, Monorail and ferry terminal now defunct. Cruise centre and container port nearby
Utilities: Water supply and electricity from Singapore, local sewage lines and minor treatment facilities

Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Vegetation and Terrestrial Habitat (construction & operation)
Several important species ( few of them in red list)
Ex. Dragon Blood Tress and High residential area- Buffy Fish Owl.
Habitat destruction
Removal of air-shed
Marine Water Quality, Reefs and Coastal Process
Soil erosion and sedimentation, dredging activity, toxic substances
Habitat of many corals, sea grasses & other species
Habitat destruction
Endangered species like Holothuria leucospilota, Ateratis floridus, Cymodocea serulata etc. (Ng & Wee ed., 1994)
Improper disposal of waste

Environmental Impacts II
Air Quality
Movements of vehicle, piling of excavated soils, loosen soil from the removal of forest
Increase in vehicle during operational phase
Noise
Moving of vehicles
Use of heavy equipments for dredging and piling

Environmental Impacts III
Hazard Vulnerability
Accident can occur –transportation of materials and use of heavy equipments.
Fire
Waste Generation
Solid waste and construction debris
Solid waste with the residential facilities
Littering problem
May lead to the pollution of water
Energy & Water Consumption
Running different facilities in the IR
Pressure on existing water resource
Increase in the ambient temperature

Environmental Impacts IV
Socio-economic
Both positive and negative
Economy, Business Environment and Employment
Labor and suppliers
Employment opportunities
Boosting of business & economy
Ministry of Trade - add S$ 5.2 billion to GDP & 30,000 employments (http://app.mfa.gov.sg/pr/read_content.asp?View,6019,)
Increase in gambling (Negative)
Undesirable activities like taking loans, crimes and money laundering.

Mitigation Measures
Loss of Biodiversity
Important species of the forest- transplant to other places.
A patch of forest -left intact or at least integrated with the resort in the design concept.
Marine life forms - relocated to a suitable site elsewhere and measures are considered during the engineering design to protect the remaining on the site.
Construction methods used must ensure that intrusion into the seagrass/coral pavement areas be limited and carefully monitored.

Mitigation Measures II
Soil Erosion
Physical measures that bind the soil will work for the mitigation purpose. Ex, retaining walls like rock barriers, use of sand bags, silt retention barriers etc.
Area can be covered with the plastic blanket during the high wind period to prevent the drifting.
Creation of a drainage containment area further island where run-off could be channeled and held.
Engineering for slope stabilization and reinforcement to prevent slope failure on steep slopes.
Prevent refuse (solid waste) and waste water produced during construction from entering into drains and sea.

Mitigation Measures III
Water Pollution
Diversion of runoff channel other than sea.
Control measures like use of mulch, jute blankets, plastic sheet, plastic filter cloth or straw to prevent the runoff.
Filter material to retain the sediment and pass the water.
Proper disposal of construction waste to prevent from mixing with runoff.
Proper management of solid waste during the construction and operation period.
Enforcement of strict regulation upon the littering near the sea area during the operation phase.
Regular monitoring in the operation site should to ensure the prevention of leaching of the waste to the sea.

Mitigation Measures IV
Energy & Water Consumption
Use of energy saving devices- fluorescent bulb light and automatic switching of lights or energy efficient devices.
Use of alternative source of energy such as solar energy
Recycling and reuse of water and appropriate sewerage treatment and disposal should be incorporated in the engineering design.
Setting an appropriate temperature for the air conditioner like at 25 deg C.
Rational use of water like for flushing of toilets a water storage tank with flow check so the flushing can be done as per requirement.
Regular monitoring of leaking of water supply pipes and the electricity.

Impact Matrix
Scale (High to Low),
Extent (Regional to Local),
Likelihood (High to Low),
Duration (Long and Short)
Permanence (Reversible and Irreversible).
Impact beyond the project site -Regional.
High weightage given to scale (high), permanence (Irreversible) and duration (long).
Rest of the parameters - less weightage in the analyses, considering that the mitigation measures will be able to minimize the impact.

Alternatives
Alternative A - No Go
No additional environmental impacts
Alternative B – Alternative Design
Development on the 3 ha forest patch is suggested on the lines of the Banyan Tree Resort on Bintan Island
Retention of the off shore coral formations as a natural attraction – no reclamation of land is required

Eco-sensitive resort design suggestion (Source: Banyan Tree Resort 1 ) 1 Banyan Tree Resort website – links to photos – http:// www.banyantree.comgreenimperativepop_bintan_villa.htm and http:// www.banyantree.comgreenimperativepop_bintan_pool.htm accessed on November 1, 2007

Inland stretches (Area Y) that would flood during high tides but which were later reclaimed are to be reinstated and redeveloped as semi-natural salt water lagoons
Area Y is to be reinstated as a natural aquatic feature (Source – Earth Website 2 ) 2 Eart-h website hosted by Joseph Lai http://www.eart-h.comtextoldmap2.htm accessed on October 20, 2007

Restrictions are placed on personal transport to the resort. Facilities such as paddle-boat, mono-rail and ferries will be provided as alternatives
Green building design and construction methods are to be implemented
Major design changes (Picture Source: Wikimapia 3 ) 3 Sentosa island – Wikimapia - http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=1.256868&lon=103.821144&z=17&l=0&m=a&v=2 accessed on October 20, 2007

Suggestions
It is evaluated that the design changes in Alternative B have minimal environmental impacts
In the light of the minor environmental impacts estimated in Alternative B, it is proposed over Alternative A
It is suggested that enhancement of another hotel or resort on Sentosa Island should be considered

Environmental Management Plan
EMS Objectives 1
Plan
Do
Track
Act
1 Source: www.epa.gov/region1/marinas/pdfs/MarinaEMPJuly05.pdf

1. www.bnl.gov/ewms/ser/99ser/6ch.pdf , http://www.lsa-assoc.com/environmentalAnalysis.htm and http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_transect 2. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/management_standards/iso_9000_iso_14000/iso_14000_essentials.htm 1. Loss of Biodiversity and Habitat 1 2. Soil Erosion, Water, Noise and Air pollution 3. Energy and Water Management 2 4. Waste Management Environmental Management Committee Biodiversity Management Committee Energy & Water Management Committee Waste Management Committee Environmental Consultant Project Manager / Facilities Manager

Public Consultation
Early and ongoing engagement of stakeholders
High level of stakeholders involvement in EIA design and monitoring
Involvement at every stage:
Preliminary Stage Scoping
Interim EIA
Project Appraisal
Project Implementation
Project Evaluation

Preliminary Scoping March 2006: Call for Proposal by MTI Online Survey 5000 participants Stakeholders Identification: Nparks, MPA, MTI, SDC, NSS, BWV, NHC, RMBR Focus Group 50 participants 31 March 2006 Nominate experts, interested individuals Indicate Further Interest Identify areas of sensitivity Site Visit Identify areas of sensitivity EIA Scope Invited to send comments and data over next 6 months

Interim EIA April – Oct 2006: Baseline Survey Working group Identify areas of concern within proposed development Oct 2006: Receive Proposal Select focus group participants 20 persons EIA Design Alternatives Nov – Dec 2006: Conduct EIA Jan 2007: Interim EIA Presented to Working Group Public viewing & comment period 150 responses Comments addressed & incorporated into final EIA

Final EIA: Project Appraisal March 2007: Final EIA published Circulated for Information disclosure No commenting opportunities Opt in for citizen monitoring Online SDC

Project Implementation 2007 - 2010 Construction Begins Monitoring By developers Citizen Monitoring 2010 - 2015 Post Construction Monitoring By developers Citizen Monitoring

Project Evaluation 2010 Construction Completion Focus Group Negative Feedback Immediate Remediation

Inferences
Significant adverse impact to the matured secondary forest and Marine eco-system
Identified impacts: Loss of Biodiversity and Natural Habitat, soil erosion, Water contamination and marine water quality, waste generation and Energy and water consumption
Suggestions:
Enhance other resorts existing in Sentosa
Radical change in current Design
Follow the suggested EMP and mitigation measures

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Environmental Impact Assessment of Sentosa Integrated Resort

by November Tan

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