2. Steps to the American Revolution : REVOLUTION 12. Battle of Bunker Hill 1. French and Indian War 2. British Parliament passes new laws 3. American colonists take action 4. British Parliament passes Townshend Acts 10. Lexington and Concord 9. American colonists take action 8. British Parliament passes Intolerable Acts 7. Boston Tea Party 6. British Parliament passes Tea Act 5. Boston Massacre 11. 2 nd Continental Congress 13. Colonists react
3. - Fought between the English and French over control of the land in North America. -The English wanted to push west, but the French blocked them. The war started over land disputes between the two nations. -Each side used Native Americans to help fight the war. - The Albany Congress : 1754 -At the beginning of the war, the English colonies sent delegates to a meeting held in Albany , New York. - Iroquois Indians were also present. - Ben Franklin proposed a plan for unifying the English colonies. 1. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR : (1754-1763)
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5. - The Albany Plan of Union : 1754 -Under this plan, each colonial legislature would elect delegates to an American continental assembly presided over by a royal governor. -The plan was not approved by the English Parliament: they feared the new assembly would be to powerful for Parliament to control. -A political cartoon was created in the colonies to show support for this plan. The snake represented the colonies. On their own, they were weak and could be defeated. Together, they would be strong.
6. -England wins the war. -French lose colonies in North America. -War was very expensive for the English. The British Parliament wants American colonists to help pay for cost of war. North America: 1750 North America: 1765 This map shows both the French and English lands in North America. This map shows the English colonies and new land taken from the French in North America.
7. 2. BRITISH PARLIAMENT PASSES NEW LAWS : -Parliament passes taxes to control the colonies and raise money to pay for the war. A. Proclamation Act of 1763 : Forbade settlers from moving west across the Appalachian Mountains and into Indian territory. 10,000 soldiers sent to colonies to enforce law. Colonists angry with so many soldiers being sent to control them. ● British cannot afford another war. ● Many colonists ignore the law and move into new lands.
8. B. Sugar Act (1764) : England places a tax on sugar , coffee, indigo, and molasses. Sugar Cane used to make sugar. Sugar used to make molasses. Molasses used to make rum. Rum was one of the most popular and common drinks in the colonies. Coffee
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12. C. Sons of Liberty (1765) : -Some colonists were not happy with a formal protest. They wanted more direct action. -Sam Adams helped to create the Sons of Liberty to take a more active role against England -Most effective protest was boycotting or refusing to buy English goods. -Sometimes they used violence such as burning a tax collectors home or tarring and feathering. Tarring and feathering a tax collector. Burning down the house of a tax collector. Sam Adams BOYCOTT : To not buy products from a business as a way of getting what you want.
13. 4. British Parliament Passes Townshend Acts (1767) : A. Navigation Acts enforced. This included the use of Writs of Assistance which gave British officials ability to search homes and boats for smuggled goods. B. Taxes: Taxes on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea.
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23. B. First Continental Congress (1774) : Representatives from colonies meet in Philadelphia to discuss their rights. -Send petition to King to try to restore peace. -Asked King to repeal the Intolerable Acts. -Said they had the right to make colonial laws. -Threatened to halt exports to Britain -Organized a boycott of British goods. -Parliament responded by adding new taxes to the colonies. -Colonies form militias to prepare for war. Minutemen created to respond in case of attack.
24. Minutemen : -Nickname for colonial militia or citizen soldiers. -They supplied their own weapons and had little military training. -Ready to defend their families and homes.
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56. 13. American Colonists Take Action : A. Thomas Paine writes Common Sense (1776) : -Argues for American independence. Most Americans read this book and agree with him. B. Declaration of Independence (1776) : Written by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Ben Franklin, and several others. Issued by the Second Continental Congress in July 1776. -Declared our independence and created the United States of America. -Purpose: Break ties with England and create United States of America. -Purpose of Gov’t: Protect the rights, liberties of the people. -Power comes from the people. -Ideas did not apply to women, slaves, or Indians.
57. “ We hold these truths to be self-evident , that all men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights , that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness .-- That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed , --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government”
58. The American (Continental, Patriot) Army : In the beginning, the Continental Army was made up of farmers, frontiersmen, and townspeople who left their homes to fight the British. Many believed the war would be short. -At first, they had to provide their own weapons, ammunition, and uniforms. -Over time, they would be formed into regular units with uniforms and proper equipment.
59. Reasons why the American colonists believed that they would win the war. ADVANTAGES : 1. They were fighting for their homes, families, lives, and freedom. 2. George Washington 3. They were fighting on their home ground. 4. Ben Franklin got the French to help them. 5. Many of the English generals were afraid to make mistakes. 6. The English people would get tired of a long war. DISADVANTAGES : 1. Poorly trained army and no navy. 2. No money to fight a war. 3. Weak, inexperienced gov’t. 4. 2/3 of population were either Tories or didn’t care. 5. Professional English army, Hessians, and Indians against them. 6.Poor equipment and lack of food. 7. Soldiers could leave at will. Reasons why most people believed that England would win the war.
60. Reasons why England believed it would win its war with America. ADVANTAGES : 1. Professional army and navy. 2. Factories to make war materials. 3. $ to feed and supply an army. 4. A government to make decisions. 5. 1/3 of the American population were Tories. 1/3 of the American population were neutral or didn’t care. 6. Hessians and Indians on British side. 7. Americans were poorly supplied and trained. Reasons why England might not win the war. DISADVANTAGES : 1. England had a 3000 mile supply line. 2. English soldiers were fighting because they were told to fight. 3. America is a large piece of land and not easy to control or conquer. 4. Many of the English generals were afraid to make mistakes.
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62. Ben Franklin, living in France, was able to convince the French to help the Americans due to this victory. THE BATTLE OF SARATOGA IS OFTEN CALLED A TURNING POINT OF THE WAR. THE AMERICAN VICTORY CAUSED THE FRENCH TO BEGIN TO SEND AID TO THE AMERICANS. Gen. Burgoyne surrendered to the Americans with about 7,000 soldiers.
63. The Battle of Yorktown : The American and French armies defeated the British at the Battle of Yorktown. General Cornwallis surrendered to the Americans. This marked the end of the war.
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65. BRITISH ACTION: AMERICAN REACTION: FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR REFUSAL TO PAY SHARE OF WAR PROCLAMATION OF 1763 DISOBEY THE LAW STAMP ACT PROTEST STAMP ACT SONS OF LIBERTY BOYCOTTING ENGLISH GOODS NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION QUARTERING ACT BOSTON MASSACRE TEA TAX BOSTON TEA PARTY INTOLERABLE ACTS MINUTEMEN LEXINGTON – CONCORD AMERICAN REVOLUTION BUNKER HILL
