Introduction to Psychedelic Chemistry: The Science Behind the Trip

Introduction to The Science Behind The Trip Dr. TryptaminePsychedelic Chemistry

DisclaimerThis presentation is forinformational purposes only.All information contained in thispresentation was taken from freelyavailable sources on the internet.Nothing in this presentation shouldbe construed as to encourage orcondone illegal activity.The author suggests that allapplicable laws be followed at alltimes.Be Safe.

PsychedelicFrom Ancient Greekψυχή (psychê, “mind, soul”) +δῆλος (dêlos, “manifest, visible”)Psychedelic states are an array ofexperiences including changes ofperception such ashallucinations, synesthesia,altered states of awareness orfocused consciousness, variationin thought patterns, trance orhypnotic states, mystical states,and other mind alterations.

Organic Chemistry• The chemistry of carbon-based compounds• Naming: 1 carbon = methyl 2 carbons = ethyl 3 carbons = propyl 4 carbons = butyl 5 carbons = pentyl 6 carbons = benzyl or phenyl• Amines contain nitrogen• The symbol for benzene is a hexagon

Why We Trip• Serotonin Monoamine neurotransmitter Closely associated with mood and happiness, also regulates intestinal activity.• Dopamine Monoamine neurotransmitter, regulates mood, reward, attention, learning, sexual gratification.• Norepinephrine Monoamine neurotransmitter, hormone regulates cardiovascular activity, attention, flight or fight response

Neurotransmitters and you

Classification• Descriptive classification - Based on the effects of the compound and user experiences. Examples: Entheogens, Empathogens/Entatctogens, Dissociatives• Chemical classification - Based on the chemical makeup and structure. Examples: Ergolines, Tryptamines, Phenethylamines

Descriptive Classiﬁcation• Entheogens• Empathogens/Entactogens• Dissociatives

EtheogensAn entheogen ("generating thedivine within") is a psychoactivesubstance used in a religious,shamanic, or spiritual context.Entheogens can supplementmany diverse practices forhealing, transcendence, andrevelation, including: meditation,psychonautics, art projects, andpsychedelic therapy.Examples: LSD, Peyote,Psilocybin, DMT, Salvia,Ibogaine

EmpathogensThe terms empathogen andentactogen are used to describea class of psychoactive drugsthat produce distinctiveemotional and social effectssuch as feelings of empathy,love, and emotional closeness toothers.The terms are usedinterchangeably.Examples: MDA, MDMA, 2C-B,2C-I, 2C-T-7

Dissociatives Dissociatives are a class of hallucinogen which reduce or block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. The characteristic features of dissociative anesthesia are described as catalepsy, amnesia and analgesia. Examples: Nitrous Oxide, Ketamine, Methoxetamine, Ibogaine

ChemicalClassiﬁcation• Phenethylamines• Tryptamines• Ergolines

Phenethylamines•Amphetamine•Methamphetamine•MDA•MDMA

Tryptamines• Serotonin• DMT• Psilocin• Psilocybin

Ergolines• LSD• LSA (Ergine)

Classic Psychedelics• LSD• MDA• MDMA• Psilocybin• Mescaline• DMT• Ketamine

LSD• Chemical name: d-lysergic acid diethylamide• Semi-Synthetic, synthesized by Albert Hoffmann in 1938 from ergotamine• Common names: Acid; L; Tabs; Blotter; Dose(s); Trips, Liquid• LSD is the best known and most researched psychedelic. It is the standard against which all other psychedelics are compared. It is active at extremely low doses and is most commonly available on blotter or in liquid form.• Dosage: Threshold 20 ug, Common 50 - 150 ug, Heavy 400 + ug• Concerns: Existential/Psychological crisis, dosage control, illegal

MDMA• Chemical name: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine• Class: Euphoric Empathogen; Stimulant; Phenethylamine• Common names: Ecstasy; E; X; XTC; Rolls; Beans; Adam; Molly• Comments: MDMA, or ecstasy is a psychedelic amphetamine that has gained popularity over the past 20 years because of its ability to produce strong feelings of comfort, empathy, and connection to others.• Dosage: Threshold: 30 mg, Common: 75 - 125 mg, Heavy: 200 + mg• Concerns: Hydration, cardiovascular complications, possible neurotoxicity, delayed crash, illegal

MDA• Chemical name: 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine• Class: Euphoric Empathogen; Stimulant; Phenethylamine• Common names: Sass or Sassafras• Comments: MDA is a synthetic empathogen sometimes found in ecstasy tablets. It is closely related to MDMA though its effects are said to be slightly more psychedelic.• Dosage: Threshold: 30 - 50 mg, Common: 100 - 150 mg, Heavy: 100 - 150 mg• Concerns: Hydration, cardiovascular complications, possible neurotoxicity, delayed crash, illegal

Psilocybin• Chemical name:[3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate• Class: Psychedelic Tryptamine• Common names: Shrooms; Magic Mushrooms; Sacred Mushrooms; teonanácatl; Boomers; Fungi• Comments: There are more than 180 species of mushrooms which contain the psychedelics psilocybin or psilocin. They have a long history of use in Mexico and are currently one of the most popular and commonly available natural psychedelics.• Dosage: Threshold: .2g, Common 1-2.5g, Heavy: 5+g (Dried Psilocybe Cubensis)• Concerns: Existential/psychological crisis, dosage, illegal

Mescaline• Chemical name: 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine• Class: Psychedelic Phenethylamine• Common names: Peyote, Cactus, San Pedro, Buttons, Mescalito• Comments: Mescaline is a naturally occurring psychedelic with a long history of human use. It is best known as the primary active chemical in the peyote cactus.• Dosage: Threshold: 100mg, Common: 200-300mg, Heavy: 500-700mg• Concerns: Existential/psychological crisis, purity, illegal*

DMT• Chemical name: N,N-dimethyltryptamine• Class: Psychedelic Tryptamine• Common names: DMT, Beard, Business Man’s Trip, Deemsters• Comments: DMT is a powerful, visual psychedelic which produces short- acting effects when smoked. It is used orally in combination with an MAOI, as in ayahuasca brews. It is naturally produced in the human body and by many plants.• Dosage: Threshold: 2-5mg, Common: 20-40mg, Strong: 40-60mg• Concerns: Existential/psychological crisis, Dosage control, illegal*, alien abduction

Ketamine• Chemical name: (RS)-2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone• Class: Dissociative Anaesthetic; Psychedelic• Common names: K; Special K; Cat Tranquilizer• Comments: Ketamine is a dissociative psychedelic used medically as a veterinary and human anaesthetic. It is one of the few addictive psychedelics and is associated with researcher John Lilly.• Dosage: Threshold: 10-15mg, Common: 30-70mg, Strong: 60-125mg• Concerns: K-Hole, compulsive behavior, loss of consciousness, death, illegal

Research Chemicals• 2C Series• Cathinones• Bathsalts• Methoxetamine• NBOMe Series

2C Series (2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-T-7)• Chemical name: 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B), 2,5- dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E), 2,5-dimethoxy-4- iodophenethylamine (2C-I), 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7)• Class: Psychedelic Phenethylamines• Common names: Nexus; Bees; Venus; Bromo Mescaline; BDMPEA,• Comments: 2C is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds.• Dosage: Varies, 10-25mg commonly• Concerns: Cardiovascular issues, death, illegal

Cathinones• Chemical name: Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone), Methylone (bk-MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone,• Class: Euphoric Empathogen; Phenethylamine• Common names: Meow, M-Cat, Megatron, Molly Roger, Explosion, Ease,• Comments: Cathinones are relatives of the amphetamine family of phenethylamines, found in khat, cathinone has a ketone group in the beta position.• Dosage: Varies greatly and depends on route of administration• Concerns: compulsive behavior, death, illegal

Bathsalts• Chemical name: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)• Class: Stimulant• Common names: MDPV; NRG-1; Bath Salts• Comments: MDPV is an uncommon stimulant with a short history of human use. It is known for its tendency to cause compulsive redosing and some users report sexual arousal as an effect. MDPV has been found in products labeled as "bath salts" and "plant food/fertilizer".• Dosage: No comment• Concerns: Compulsive behavior, death, illegal

Methoxetamine• Chemical name: 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone; 3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE• Class: Dissociative; Sedative• Common names: Methoxetamine; MXE; Mexxy; Roflcopter• Comments: Methoxetamine is a near chemical analog of ketamine and PCP. Its use was first publicly reported in 2010. Methoxetamines effects are described by some as similar to ketamine or high-dose DXM, while others report not finding it similar to those substances. A number of accounts describe compulsive redosing and unintentional consumption of more than was initially planned.• Dosage: Varies greatly and depends on route of administration• Concerns: Compulsive behavior, death, illegal

NBOMe• Chemical name: 2C-C-NBOMe = (25C-NBOMe; NBOMe-2C-C); 2C-I-NBOMEe = (25I- NBOMe; NBOMe-2C-I); mescaline-NBOMe = (345-NBOMe; NBOMEe-mescaline);• Class: Psychedelic; Stimulant; Euphoriant• Common names: Molly Acid, “Not” Acid Acid, Mescaline Molly, Bome• Comments: The NBOMe series of chemicals are primarily N-o-methoxybenzyl analogs of the 2C-X family of phenethylamines, and are 5-HT2A (serotonin 2A) receptor agonists. A few are amphetamine analogs. With few exceptions (e.g. mescaline-NBOMe), compounds in this group are active at verly low sub-milligram doses. These chemicals have nearly no history of human use prior to 2010 when they ﬁrst became available online.• Dosage: Very active at sub-milligram levels. Extreme caution!• Concerns: Death, illegal

Concerns• Source/Purity• Dosage• Set/Setting• You

Questions...

Acknowledgments• Erowid www.erowid.org• Wikipedia www.wikipedia.org• DMTNexus https://www.dmt-nexus.me/• Anne & Sasha Shulgin• Alex Grey• The International Association of Psychedelic Guides

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Introduction to Psychedelic Chemistry: The Science Behind the Trip

by Monty Flinsch on Sep 09, 2012

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