Fred Kent of Project for Public Spaces (pps.org) made this presentation on streets as places in Chicago on March 15, 2007. Contact PPS to invite him to speak in your city.

1. Streets as Places – Chicago, 15 th 2007

4. William H. (Holly) Whyte The Organization Man, 1956 The Exploding Metropolis, 1958 The Last Landscape, 1968 Plan for the City of New York, 1969 The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, 1980 City: Rediscovering the Center, 1988

7. Vision for neighborhood planning … creating great public spaces Placemaking is the foundation of creating livable communities.

8. Vision for neighborhood planning … revitalizing centers

9. Vision for neighborhood planning … reshaping streets and boulevards

10. Environment Civic Engagement Public Health and Obesity Local Economy Smart Growth CITIES/ PLACES Sustainable Communities Transportation Livability Historic Preservation Convergence of Community Goals

11. evening use volunteerism property values rent levels transit usage traffic data mode splits parking usage patterns pedestrian activity building conditions environmental data sanitation rating crime statistics street life social networks land-use patterns retail sales PLACE sociability local business ownership number of women, children & elderly Cooperative Neighborliness Diversity Stewardship Pride Friendly Interactive Welcoming Continuity Proximity Connectedness Walkable Convenient Accessible Readability Charm Attractive Historic Spiritual Sittable Walkable Safe Clean “ Green” Sustainable Celebrations Indigenous Special Real Useful Fun Active Vital What Makes a Place Great? access & linkage comfort & image uses & activities key attributes intangibles measurements

14. New Haven: Chapel Street

19. If you plan for cars and traffic… you get more cars and traffic.

20. The erosion of cities by automobiles proceeds as a kind of nibbling. Small nibbles at first but eventually hefty bites. A street is widened here, another is straightened there, a wide avenue is converted to one way flow and more land goes into parking. No one step in this process is in itself crucial but cumulatively the effect is enormous . Jane Jacobs, 1954

25. © Will McWhinney, Paths of Change Storied Cultures Clustered Cultures

28. When you design your community around people … you get more people.

30. London BEFORE AFTER Trafalgar Square 100 Public Spaces Program

33. Barcelona-A City of Boulevards

34. Barcelona-A City of Boulevards

35. Paris-A City of Boulevards

36. Paris From Congested to Shared Streets in 5 years - Sidewalks widened - Buffered bike lanes - Dedicated bus lanes

37. Paris-Champs Elysees

38. Paris-Champs Elyees

39. Paris-Boulevard du Montparnasse

40. Paris-Boulevard du Montparnasse

41. Paris-Side/Cross Streets

42. Paris-Side/Cross Streets

43. Paris-Sidewalk Cafe

44. Case Study: Paris Plage

48. Copenhagen Parking Lots Removed Gammel Strand 1988 Gammel Strand 1996

49. Copenhagen

50. Berlin

51. Düsseldorf-Koenigsalle

52. Düsseldorf-Koenigsalle

53. Vienna

62. New York City Street Renaissance

63. Donald Appleyard, UC Berkeley Professor of Urban Design, quantified the impact of traffic on social ties. HEAVY TRAFFIC 16,000 vehicles per day MEDIUM TRAFFIC 8,000 vehicles per day LIGHT TRAFFIC 2,000 vehicles per day 0.9 friends per person 3.1 acquaintances per person 1.3 friends per person 4.1 acquaintances per person 3 friends per person 6.3 acquaintances per person Broken Streets

64. Broken Streets I keep my windows shut I spend more time in the back of my house I forbid my children to play in the streets I go out on the street less often LIGHT TRAFFIC STREET MEDIUM TRAFFIC STREET HEAVY TRAFFIC STREET New Yorkers deal with traffic in the following ways: 7.7% 26.0% 52.2% 56.5% 18.5% 5.1% 7.4% 21.7% 0.0% 2.6% 7.4% 43.5%

65. The Truth About Traffic 6% Only 6% of shopping below 59 th Street in Manhattan involves a car. 6% DRIVE 69% WALK 24% USE TRANSIT Shoppers Are Walkers

66. New York City-Herald Square

67. New York City-Mulry Square Fixing an Unsafe Intersection BEFORE TEST PERIOD: 1996 – 2001 AFTER: TEST MADE PERMANENT

68. Broadway Connecting Great Destinations Union Square Madison Square Herald Square Times Square

70. Astor Place A void between two great neighborhoods…

71. Astor Place … can support and showcase the best of NYC.

72. A funnel for downtown traffic.. Finn Square

73. ...can be a defining space for Tribeca. Finn Square

74. Kenmare Square An unused square and roadway…

75. Kenmare Square … can become a major amenity for shoppers and residents.

76. West Broadway Where a shopping street fizzles…

77. West Broadway … it can be brought back to life.

78. Spring Street New York’s most successful neighborhoods…

79. Spring Street … can better serve the pedestrians that bring their success.

80. Grand Street Car storage space…

81. Grand Street … can become the most valuable space in the neighborhood.

84. Project/Discipline Driven Approach Place Driven Development Approach

88. It has to be a Campaign Develop a vision Become great communicators Search for impediments Organize a strong team Attack Complacency Produce short term wins Take on bigger challenges Connect change to the culture of the community People Who Make Dramatic Change By John Kotter

89. When you come to a fork in the road, take it. – Yogi Berra BE BOLD!

90. www.pps.org Making Places Newsletter Training & Conferences Publications & Resources

94. Seasonal Strategies