Stéphanie MITRANO-MÉDA
Organisational Behaviour
week 7: learning and motivation

Learning in the organisation

Importance of learning in organisation
“At the heart of this culture [GE]
is an understanding that
an organization’s ability to learn, and
translate that learning into action
rapidly, is the ultimate competitive
business advantage.”
Jack Welch, former CEO of GE

Characteristics of the
learning organisation
Systematic problem solving
Experimentation
Learning from past experience
Learning from others
Transferring knowledge
Knowledge Management

Symptoms
of knowledge
management
p ro b l e m s . . .

✔ Repeating mistakes
Knowledge sharing ✔ Duplicating work
within the organisation ✔ No transfer of good ideas
✔ Dependent on key individuals
✔ Poor customer relations
✔ Competing on price
Knowledge acquisition
✔ Way behind market leaders
outside the organisation
✔ Slow to launch onto market
✔ Lack of know. about pricing

Learning behaviours

Learning Style Inventory (from session 2)
Concrete Experience
feeling
Active Reflective
Experimentation Observation
Doing Watching
Abstract Conceptualization
thinking

Simple learning

Simple learning
Contingency &
consequences
“Law of effect”
Conditionning
building good habits
& routine behaviours

Simple learning
“Law of effect” Reinforcement
Punishment
Conditionning

Simple learning
“Law of effect” Reinforcement
Punishment
Conditionning
OB Modification

OB modification programme
➊ Define target behaviour.
➋ Measure the frequency of behaviour.
➌ Set reasonable performance goals.
➍ Monitor the behaviour.
➎ Administer rewards.

Complex learning
Successive
approximation
Social learning

Successive approximation
Shaping
Desired behaviour reinforcement.
Increasingly stringent criteria.
Chaining
Complex behaviour decomposed.
Mastering each component. ➊ ➋ ➌ ➍

Social learning
Learning by
observing others
or
vicarious learning
or
role modelling

It is the manager’s role
to motivate people
t o p e r fo r m fo r n o w
and learn for the future.

Motivation theories

hierarchy of needs - maslow
Self-
actualization
Esteem needs
Affiliation needs
Safety needs
Physiology needs

ERG theory - alderfer
Self-
actualization
Growth
Esteem needs
Affiliation needs Relatedness
Safety needs
Physiology needs
Existence

Two-factor theory - herzberg
Self-
actuali Growth
zation
Motivators
Esteem
needs
Affiliation needs Relatedness
Safety needs
Hygiene factors
Existence
Physiology needs

learned needs theory - mcclelland
Self- Need for
actuali
zation achievement
Growth Motivators
Esteem
needs Need for power
Affiliation needs Relatedness
Hygiene Need for affiliation
factors
Safety needs
Existence
Physiology needs

So, how to motivate people to perform ?
Self- Need for
actuali
zation achievement
Growth Motivators
Esteem
needs Need for power
Affiliation needs Relatedness
Hygiene Need for affiliation
factors
Safety needs
Existence
Physiology needs

So, how to motivate people to perform ?
Self- Need for
actuali
zation achievement
Growth Motivators
Esteem
needs Need for power
Affiliation needs Relatedness
Hygiene Need for affiliation
factors
Safety needs
Existence
Physiology needs

So, how to motivate people to perform ?
Self- Need for
actuali
zation achievement
Growth Motivators
Esteem
needs Need for power
Affiliation needs Relatedness
Hygiene Need for affiliation
a safe and comfortable working environment
Safety needs
factors
Existence
Physiology needs

So, how to motivate people to perform ?
Self- Need for
a position with potential for realization & growth
actuali
zation
Growth Motivators
achievement
Esteem
needs Need for power
Affiliation needs Relatedness
Hygiene Need for affiliation
a safe and comfortable working environment
Safety needs
factors
Existence
Physiology needs

Leadership
fostering motivation

Goal-setting theory
Goals provide direction &
strategy to achieve them.
Specific goals
Challenging goals
Feedback
Public goals
Higher performance

Goal-setting theory
Goals provide direction &
strategy to achieve them.
Specific goals
Challenging goals
Feedback
m o tivator Public goals
=
opportunity
for growth Higher performance

Equity theory
Input/Output ratio
Value of own contribution
Internal comparison
Fairness within the output
organisation
input
External comparison
Benchmarking

Equity theory
Restoring the equilibrium
Rationalising overreward
Reducing effort
Increasing pay
Increasing absenteeism output
Resigning input

Expectancy theory
Effort Performance
My efforts will pay off.

Expectancy theory
ability
Effort Performance
I have a the ability to do it.

Expectancy theory
ability
Effort Performance Outcome
My performance will be rewarded.

Expectancy theory
ability valence
Effort Performance Outcome
This reward is important to me.

Reinforcement theory
Carrot
Reward good behaviours
Stick
Punish bad behaviours

Leadership role
in motivation
✔ Creating the right vision
✔ Employees in the right jobs
✔ Challenging goals
✔ Monitoring & rewarding
performance
✔ Managing low performers
✔ Culture that values
employees & performance

Next week’s individual assignment subject
➊ Perceptions, attitudes &
➎
Conflicts in organisations
personality
hand in week 7
hand in week 3
➋ Individual & group ➏
decision making & ethics Learning and motivation
hand in week 8
hand in week 4
➌ Organisational ➐ Power, politics &
environment influence
hand in week 5 hand in week 9
➍ Organisational structure
➑ Leadership
hand in week 6 hand in week 10

Suggestions for individual assignment
Read chapter 3 in SNN.
• Write about what motivates you to
study.
• Comment with your own experience
about your personal learning style.

Next week’s group assignment subject
➊ Individual & group
➍
decision making & ethics Conflicts in organisations
present in week 7
present in week 4
➋ Organisational ➎
environment Learning and motivation
present in week 5 present in week 8
➌
Organisational structure
➏ Power, politics &
influence
present in week 6
present in week 9
2 groups to present each week

Suggestions for group assignment
Read chapter 3 in SNN.
• Present a motivation plan for your
company.
• Do the case study (Session7 learning
motivation material.doc) on campus
virtuel.

further
Chapter 3
reading
about
today’s Chapters
3&5
lecture

Chapter 7
preparng
for
next week
Chapter 18