South Africa under Apartheid

“ [Apartheid] is the museum piece in our time, a hangover from the dark ages… a relic of an age that everywhere else is dead or dying … These ideas survive in South Africa because those who sponsor them profit from them”
Albert J. Lutuli, 1960 Nobel Peace Prize Winner

Zulus – Africans; migrated south; defeated by the Afrikaners (Dutch settlers) and British
GOLD/DIAMONDS!! Resulted in Anglo-Boer War
Brits win – grant S. Africans self-rule in 1910; only whites get suffrage
Afrikaners (Dutch, white minority) took control of the govt.

1948-1994
Govt. classifications – white, black, “coloured”
Segregated homelands- Bantustans

With your partner, read through the various apartheid laws in each category. Which do you find most upsetting in each category?
Which law do you think would be the most difficult to follow?
What legacies do you think these policies have left behind in South Africa?

Strict Laws
Segregated residential areas (forced removals)
movement (passbooks)
Inferior education for blacks
Ban on interracial marriages
Seg. working conditions
Prohibited strikes by blacks
Seg. Public amenities

Children of Soweto, a black township some ten miles away from Johannesburg. The Zulu word "Amandla" scrawled on the wall means "Power" and has been adopted as a rallying call in the struggle for black rights. (http://www.unmultimedia.org/photo/detail/108/0108701.html) Location: Soweto, South Africa Date: 01 January 1982

Graveyard outside Ekuvukene, a village in KwaZulu "homeland", Natal. The infant mortality rate for white South Africans is one of the lowest in the world, for blacks it is one of the highest. In the so-called black "homelands" like KwaZulu - remote, fragmented, unproductive bits and pieces of land scattered around the country - almost half of the children die before age five. Location: Natal, South Africa Date: 01 January 1982

1960 - 5-7,000 people meet to protest passbooks. Police opened fired; 69 blacks were killed. ANC and PAC banned. **TURNING POINT : South Africa found themselves shunned more and more by the international community

Archbishop
Desmond Tutu
- non violent resistance

African National Congress
he included non-blacks; jailed by govt.; symbol of S. Africa’s oppression
Nonviolent passive resistance is effective as long as your opposition adheres to the same rules as you do," he said. "But if peaceful protest is met with violence, its efficacy is at an end. For me, non-violence was not a moral principle but a strategy; there is no moral goodness in using an ineffective weapon." ( Long Walk to Freedom , chapter 17)

1962 – UN condemned apartheid
Economic sanctions
‘ 64 Olympic ban
‘ 80s Arms embargo
Singer and actor Harry Belafonte speaks at a news conference at the United Nations Headquarters to announce the formation of Artists and Athletes Against Apartheid. At left are actors Gregory Hines and Tony Randall and tennis notable Arthur Ashe. (1983)

Deteriorating economy
Shortage of labor (poorly educated blacks)
Cost of dealing with insurgency
Threat of civil war

1993 –
a new constitution
President F W de Clerk and Nelson Mandela – the end of apartheid

Non-racial
Universal suffrage
Mandela elected

Africa’s largest economy
“ superpower of Africa”
25% employment
50% live in poverty
1 in 7 adults have HIV
Racial tension
Poor education system
South Africa Today

What is the legacy of apartheid in South Africa, according to the article?
What steps are some people/groups taking to improve life in South Africa?

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South Africa under Apartheid

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