Making Carrier-Class Wireless
Connections for TDM & Ethernet/IP
Transport
11 April 2008
Stuart D. Little
Director of Marketing
Harris Stratex Networks

Contents
• TDM vs Ethernet transmission networks
• Carrier Ethernet – true ‘Carrier Class’ data
• Advantages of wireless connections
• Carrier Ethernet over Wireless
• Native Ethernet – what is it?
• Ethernet throughput – hype vs. reality
• Mixed-mode transport of TDM plus Ethernet
• Layer 2 QoS and network resiliency
• Maximizing efficiency using Adaptive modulation
• Ethernet OAM
11 April 2008 Harris Stratex Networks 2

TDM Networks
• Reliable, well developed technology
• Guaranteed, predictable service
levels
• Highly resilient
– Equipment redundancy
– Network protection
– Fast switching and recovery times
• ‘Carrier Class’
• Not easily scalable
• Inefficient for Ethernet transport
• Not suitable for introduction of new
bandwidth intensive services
11 April 2008 Harris Stratex Networks 3

Ethernet Networks
• Developed for LAN/WAN environment
• Best efforts technology
• Service levels cannot be guaranteed
• Cannot support highly redundant
architectures
• Slow switching/convergence times
• Not scalable for WAN transport
applications
• Unreliable transport medium for voice
and video
• Poor Network Management capabilities
(OAM)
• Definitely not ‘Carrier Class’
11 April 2008 Harris Stratex Networks 4

Why migrate to Ethernet?
• Replace multiple networks with a single network
• Leverage the cost performance, network flexibility and scalability of
Ethernet
• All new technologies are moving to all-IP:
– Mobile LTE
– WiMAX
– VoIP
– IP TV
– Video Surveillance
• More efficient for emerging packet-based applications than adapting
Ethernet/IP over existing PDH/SONET networks
• Must maintain performance and quality of traditional PDH/SDH
transport networks
• BUT, how can we make Ethernet ‘Carrier-Class’?
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Carrier Ethernet
• Carrier Ethernet is a ubiquitous, standardized,
Standardized
carrier-class SERVICE defined by five
Services
attributes that distinguish Carrier Ethernet
Carrier from familiar LAN based Ethernet
Ethernet
• It brings the compelling business
benefit of the Ethernet cost model
Quality of
to achieve significant savings
Service Scalability
• Standardized Services
• Scalability
Carrier
Service Reliability
Ethernet • Service Management Management
Attributes
• Reliability
• Quality of Service
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Carrier Ethernet Service Types
• Ethernet Private Line • Ethernet Virtual Private Line
– Replaces a TDM Private line – Replaces Frame Relay or ATM
services
– Dedicated UNI per EVC connection
– Multiple EVCs per shared UNI
– One physical port per UNI
– Allows single physical connection to
– Single EVC per UNI
carry multiple EVCs
Multiple Point-to-
Point-to-Point EVC Storage SP Point EVCs
Ethernet
Service
UNI
Ethernet Multiplexed
UNI Ethernet
Ethernet
UNI CE
UNI
CE
MEN
MEN CE
CE ISP CE
POP
Ethernet Internet
Ethernet
UNI CE
Ethernet UNI
UNI
Ethernet Virtual Private Line
Ethernet Private Line
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Ethernet Transport Service Model
• Committed Information Rate (bps) vs. Excess Information Rate (bps)
• Traffic passed at CIR rates is subject to SLA conformance
• Example:
– 3 EVCs share fixed UNI bandwidth
– 3 CIRs can always be met
– 3 EIRs can not always be (simultaneously) assured
EIR traffic is not subject to SLA
EVC2
EVC1
CIR
R
EIR
CI
R
EI
CI
R
Total Bandwidth at the UNI
EI
R
EVC3
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Benefits of wireless transmission
• Cost-effective
• Rapid deployment
• Fast payback/ROI
• Highly reliable
• Minimal maintenance
• Software defined
• Spans difficult terrain
• Impervious to environmental
conditions
• Re-deployable
• Secure
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Wireless applications
• Mobile operators • Government & defense
– 2G, 2.5G and 3G mobile network – local, state/province, regional, national
infrastructure government and defense agencies.
• Fixed operators • Health & education
– access and metro wireless solutions – hospitals, health agencies and educational
institutes
• WiMAX
• Critical infrastructure
– backhaul solutions for WiMAX networks
– power utilities, oil/gas and transportation
• Private enterprise
• Broadcast companies
– Scalable data transport for LAN/WAN
connectivity – broadcast network operators
• Public safety • Network management
– police, fire departments, national – Network visibility, intelligence and control
security, emergency medical agencies
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Carrier Ethernet over Wireless
• Wireless transmission systems now support Ethernet transport
• Wide variety of implementations and techniques
• Can only be supported by licensed
point-to-point systems
– Invulnerable to environmental and
atmospheric conditions
– Guaranteed throughput and
availability
– Full-duplex operation
– High throughput up to 1.2 Gbit/s
– Path lengths from <1 to over 50
miles
• Other wireless solutions claim
‘Carrier Class’ performance, but
are only ‘Best Efforts’
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Carrier Ethernet Certification
• MEF Certification program
• Provides evidence for end-
users, service providers and
manufacturers that products
and services are compliant to
published MEF specifications
• Independent test conducted
to MEF Standards 9, 14 and
18
• Current encompasses 320
systems from 45 vendors and
17 service providers
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Multi-Vendor Interoperability
• Carrier Ethernet
European Advanced Networking Test Center
Interoperability testing
conducted by EANTC
sponsored by the MEF
• Extensive end-to-end
interoperability
tests
• Fixed and mobile network
environments
• Full Test White Papers
available
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Typical Test Network
PBB-TE
• Ethernet access
Network
and metro
applications
• Demonstrating
interoperability
and
performance
• in MPLS, T-
MPLS and PBB-
TE
environments
T-MPLS
Network MPLS
Network
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What makes Wireless Carrier Class?
• For true Carrier-Class Ethernet transport, wireless
systems must support the following features:
– Native Ethernet transport
– Layer 2 throughput
– Mixed mode TDM plus Carrier Ethernet
– Layer 2 QoS
– Layer 2 resiliency
– Adaptive Modulation
– XPIC
– Ethernet OAM
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‘Native’ Ethernet transport
• What is it?
• No industry standard definition
• High throughput efficiency
– No protocol conversion
– No Mapping overhead
– No mapping Ethernet data into TDM frames (E1 or STM1)
• Low latency
– Minimal delays << 1 millisecond
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Beware the Throughput Hype
• Wide range of link throughputs claimed in the market
• Based upon multiple RF links (usually two)
• Can include additional radio frame bytes, not available for traffic (FEC, etc)
• Based upon smallest possible frame size (64 bytes)
• Counts data not passed over radio link
• Layer 1 vs Layer 2 throughput
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Claims vs. Reality
• How to be sure? Test, using industry standard such as IETF RFC 2544
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Mixed Mode Transport
• ‘Liquid Bandwidth’
• TDM plus Ethernet over
the same transport link
• Native support for both
circuit-switched and
packet data
• Not using PWE3 or
encapsulation
• Preserve quality of legacy
voice and video traffic
• Enables smooth
introduction of Carrier
Ethernet services
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Carrier Class Ethernet Resilience
• TDM transport networks use Layer 1
protection switching for carrier-class
reliability
• Ethernet can be transported over an
existing PDH/SONET network (using GFP
mapping, LCAS)
• Carrier Ethernet transport relies on Layer
2 features.
– Link aggregation (802.3ad)
– STP and RSTP (802.1d) for ring protection
• How can a microwave radio support
carrier class resiliency?
11 April 2008 Harris Stratex Networks Proprietary and Confidential
Harris Stratex Networks 20

Networking optimization & control
• Essential for Ethernet transport in a wireless
environment
VLAN 400
VLAN 100
VLAN 300
VLAN 200
• Layer 2 functions require a built in switch
• Industry standard protocols
VLAN Trunk
– VLAN: IEEE 802.1q
– QoS: IEEE 802.1p and DiffServ
– Remote Monitoring (RMON) Network
• Traffic segregation as Virtual circuits
• Traffic prioritisation for different traffic types VLAN Trunk
• Adhere to existing VLAN and QoS policies
VLAN 300
VLAN 200
VLAN 100
VLAN 400
• Ethernet Virtual Circuit (EVC) and Ethernet
Virtual LAN (EVL) support
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Packet QoS Management
Traffic Flows from RMON
Ethernet ports visibility
Incoming Ethernet E1/E3/STM-1
TDM Interface traffic
RMON Traffic
added to link aggregate
visibility
QoS: Queue Priority
Packet Management
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Link Aggregation
• Enables very high link throughput by combining multiple links into
one virtual Ethernet circuit
• Single customer GigE interface (electrical or optical)
• IEEE 802.3ad standard (like Cisco ‘Etherchannel’)
– Multiplexes traffic flows based on IP or MAC addresses
• High priority traffic protection without equipment redundancy
• Traffic Load balancing
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Double capacity using XPIC
• Enables double capacity using two links, but re-suing the
same frequency channel
• Co-Channel Dual Pole (CCDP) operation
• Cross pole interference cancellation (XPIC) provides
required isolation between each channel
• Proven technique for high capacity systems for past 10
years
• Combine with Link Aggregation for highest capacity GigE
links while preserving frequency resources
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Resilient Wireless Packet Ring
• Based on IEEE standard RSTP, with enhancements for ultra-fast link failure
detection and intelligent MAC table handling
• Provides carrier class ring protection with ring recovery time of <50 msec
• Alternative to deploying Ethernet over SONET rings
• RWPR™ is a patented Harris Stratex solution
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Fixed Modulation
• Traditional radio links operate with
fixed capacity and modulation to
ensure high availability
• Links designed for the worst 0.01%
of the year
• Excess margin allowed for poor
weather or propagation conditions
• For other 99.99% of the time
margin is not needed
• Wastes potential link capacity and
length, increases antenna size
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Adaptive Modulation
• Dynamically varying capacity/modulation to maintain link under difficult
conditions, with constant bandwidth
• Enables Nx capacity expansion
• Preserves high value/priority traffic
• Ideal for bursty Ethernet traffic
• Network must be optimized for capacity changes (QoS, Layer 2/3 design)
11 April 2008 Harris Stratex Networks Proprietary and Confidential
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Capacity by time
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Overlaying Ethernet
• Introducing Ethernet to
existing TDM links
• Add using Adaptive
Modulation
• 3x to 5x increase in link
capacity
• No increase in bandwidth
requirements
• No need to change antennas
• Do not disturb existing TDM
traffic
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Existing TDM link
10 MHz Channel
12 Mbit/s QPSK
8xDS1 TDM Data
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Introducing Ethernet
12 Mbit/s Ethernet Data
24 Mbit/s 16QAM
10 MHz Channel
8xDS1 TDM Data
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Ethernet capacity expansion
42 Mbit/s 64QAM
10 MHz Channel
30 Mbit/s Ethernet Data
8xDS1 TDM Data
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Carrier Ethernet OAM
• Monitoring
• RMON statistics
• Throughput counter
and graphs
• Graphical Dashboard
screens
• RWPR status screen
• VLAN mode overview
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To summarize
• Carrier Ethernet delivers cost,
scalability and flexibility of Ethernet
networks, but with TDM Carrier
Class reliability
• Carrier Ethernet over Wireless
enables the smooth introduction of
Carrier Ethernet alongside existing
TDM traffic
• Adaptive Modulation, Link
Aggregation and XPIC deliver high
speed GigE links with optimal use
of frequency and tower resources
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