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Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Gregor Mendel,[object Object],1822,[object Object],Austrian monk,[object Object],University of Vienna,[object Object],In charge of the Garden,[object Object]
Mendel 1
Parts of the plant,[object Object],Female part-carpel (egg),[object Object],Male part-stamen-pollen (sperm),[object Object],Fertilization,[object Object],Produces new cell which develops into an embryo and is enclosed by a seed ,[object Object],Self-pollinating,[object Object],Contain male and female parts,[object Object],Sperm cell in pollen fertilizes egg cells in flower,[object Object],Offspring inherit all traits of parent,[object Object],True breeding,[object Object],Allowed to self pollinate,[object Object],Tall plant,[object Object],Green seeds,[object Object],Cross Pollination,[object Object],Cut off male parts of one plant so it only had eggs,[object Object],Dusted it with pollen from a different plant,[object Object]
Cross Pollination,[object Object],Produces seeds that had two different parents,[object Object],Mendel could now cross bred plants with different parents,[object Object]
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Terms,[object Object],Gene: chemical factors (sections of DNA) that determine specific traits,[object Object],Trait: a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another. ,[object Object],Allelle: different forms of a gene (trait),[object Object]
Genotype:,[object Object],genetic make-up of an organism (the two alleles an organism has inherited from each parent for a trait),[object Object],Phenotype:,[object Object],physical characteristics or the OBSERVABLE version of the trait,[object Object]
Mendel 1
Dominant,[object Object],Allele for trait that will be expressed no matter what the other allele is (A),[object Object],Recessive,[object Object],Allele for a trait that can only be expressed if dominant allele is ABSENT (a),[object Object],Heterozygous Dominant,[object Object],Organism that has two different alleles for a trait,[object Object],Aa,[object Object],Homozygous (Dominant or Recessive),[object Object],Organism that has two IDENTICAL alleles for a trait,[object Object],aa or AA,[object Object]
Punnett Square,[object Object],Diagram that shows possible genotypes and phenotypes ,[object Object],Probablity,[object Object]
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Mendel 1
Punnet Square,[object Object],Hybrids,[object Object],Offspring of crossing two parents with different versions of a trait,[object Object],Ex. Tall with Short; Purple with White,[object Object],Parents are the “P generation”,[object Object],Offspring are the “F1 generation”,[object Object],When two of the F1 plants are crossed, the offspring are referred to as the “F2 generation” ,[object Object]
Ratios,[object Object],What is a ratio?,[object Object],A comparison between multiple objects,[object Object],Phenotypic ratios,[object Object],Compares the number of different phenotypes for a cross,[object Object],# of Dominant Phenotype : # of Recessive Phenotype,[object Object],Genotypic ratios,[object Object],Compares the number of different genotypes for a cross ,[object Object],3 possibilities  # of DD : # of Dd : # of dd,[object Object],Homozygous dominant DD,[object Object],Heterozygous dominant Dd,[object Object],Homozygous recessive dd,[object Object]
What are the phenotypes of the F1 generation?,[object Object],Probability of having a green pod?,[object Object],Probability of having a yellow pod?,[object Object],What are the genotypes for the F1 generation?,[object Object],What are the phenotypes of the F2 generation?,[object Object],Probability of having a green pod?,[object Object],Probability of having a yellow pod?,[object Object],What are the genotypes for the F2 generation?,[object Object]
Probability,[object Object],Def: The likelihood of an event happening,[object Object],It’s a way to predict the average outcome of a large number of events,[object Object],CANNOT predict the precise outcome of an event only the LIKELIHOOD of the event,[object Object],Flip a coin,[object Object],What is the probability of getting heads?,[object Object],What is the probability of getting tails?,[object Object],If you flip a coin 3 times…,[object Object],What is the probability of getting heads?,[object Object],What is the probability of getting tails?,[object Object]
[object Object]
No…
One event does not effect another event’s probability
If there is a ¼ chance of having a white plant…the chances of having another white plant when crossing the plants again is still ¼

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Mendel 1

  • 3.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. No…
  • 30. One event does not effect another event’s probability
  • 31. If there is a ¼ chance of having a white plant…the chances of having another white plant when crossing the plants again is still ¼
  • 32. What are the chances of having 2 white plants after two fertilizations?
  • 33.