Building Semantic Web Based Applications with Watson Mathieu d’Aquin and many other people The Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University [email_address]

The Semantic Web is growing http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData

Next Generation Semantic Web Applications Dynamically retrieving, exploiting and combining relevant semantic resources from the SW, at large Need for a Gateway to the Semantic Web

Next Generation Semantic Web Applications

Architecture

Collection

Interfaces: WUI Web User Interface: http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/WatsonWUI

Web User Interface: http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/WatsonWUI

Web services and API A SOAP Based API that provides the infrastructure to: F ind SW documents and retrieve metadata about them Find entities (classes, properties, individuals) and explore their semantic description Apply SPARQL queries to Semantic Web documents An initial REST Based API But what applications (can) do with it?

A SOAP Based API that provides the infrastructure to:

F ind SW documents and retrieve metadata about them

Find entities (classes, properties, individuals) and explore their semantic description

Apply SPARQL queries to Semantic Web documents

An initial REST Based API

But what applications (can) do with it?

Demonstrator: gowgle/wahoo An extension of a web search engine that suggests ways to extend a query thanks to online ontologies Example with the query “ researcher ” Suggests “academic staff”, “Person”, etc. as terms to generalize the query, and “ professor”, “PhD student” as terms to specialize the query Without having to give the system any knowledge: everything comes from the Web! 2 Versions: Gowgle (http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/gowgle): use the Google SOAP API and the Watson SOAP API Wahoo (http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/wahoo): use the Yahoo! REST API and the Watson REST API

An extension of a web search engine that suggests ways to extend a query thanks to online ontologies

Example with the query “ researcher ”

Suggests “academic staff”, “Person”, etc. as terms to generalize the query, and

“ professor”, “PhD student” as terms to specialize the query

Without having to give the system any knowledge: everything comes from the Web!

2 Versions:

Gowgle (http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/gowgle): use the Google SOAP API and the Watson SOAP API

Wahoo (http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/wahoo): use the Yahoo! REST API and the Watson REST API

Query Result from Yahoo! Term suggestions Add/Replace Screenshot of wahoo (REST based)

How to do it? Find ontologies containing the keyword “researcher” http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/keywords?q= researcher … exactly “researcher” in the label or id of a class http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/keywords?q= researcher &scope= LN+Label &ent= Class &match= Exact Find entities corresponding to “researcher” in ontology http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/keyword?q= researcher &uri= http://calo.sri.com/core-plus-office &scope= LN+Label &ent= Class &match= Exact Find subclasses and superclasses of an entity http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/subclasses? ent=http://calo.sri.com/core-plus-office#Researcher &uri= http://calo. sri.com/core-plus-office The rest is interface stuff and call to Yahoo!

Find ontologies containing the keyword “researcher”

http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/keywords?q= researcher

… exactly “researcher” in the label or id of a class

http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/keywords?q= researcher &scope= LN+Label &ent= Class &match= Exact

Find entities corresponding to “researcher” in ontology

http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/keyword?q= researcher &uri= http://calo.sri.com/core-plus-office &scope= LN+Label &ent= Class &match= Exact

Find subclasses and superclasses of an entity

http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/subclasses? ent=http://calo.sri.com/core-plus-office#Researcher &uri= http://calo. sri.com/core-plus-office

The rest is interface stuff and call to Yahoo!

Other functions Wahoo uses only a subset of the possibilities of the Watson API Functions on SW documents (in SOAP and soon in REST): Find SW documents: listSemanticContents getSemanticContentByKeywords getSemanticContentByKeywordsWithRestrictions getBestCoverageWithRestrictions Basic Metadata: getCacheLocation getSemanticContentLocation getImports getNumberOfStatement getSizeInBytes getSemanticContentLanguages getDLExpressivness Content: listClasses listIndividuals listProperties executeSPARQLQuery Reviews (from Revyu.com): getNumbearOfReviews getAverageRating getRevyuURL

Wahoo uses only a subset of the possibilities of the Watson API

Functions on SW documents (in SOAP and soon in REST):

Other functions Functions on entities (in SOAP and soon in REST): Find Entities: getEntitiesByKeyword getEntitiesByKeywordWithRestriction getBelongsTo Relations: getRelationsFrom getRelationsTo getClasses getDifferentFrom getDisjointWith getDomain getDomainOf getEquivalentClasse getInstances getRange getRangeOf getSameIndividual getSubClasse getSuperClasses Literals: getLiteralsFor getLabels getComment

Functions on entities (in SOAP and soon in REST):

Real Applications PowerMagpie : Semantic Browsing PowerAqua : Question Answering Flor : Folksonomy Enrichment MOAW : Putting URIs everywhere Watson Plugin : Large Scale Knolwedge reuse in Ontology Engineering Scarlet : Relation Discovery Word Sense Disambiguation, Data Validation, …

PowerMagpie : Semantic Browsing

PowerAqua : Question Answering

Flor : Folksonomy Enrichment

MOAW : Putting URIs everywhere

Watson Plugin : Large Scale Knolwedge reuse in Ontology Engineering

Scarlet : Relation Discovery

Word Sense Disambiguation, Data Validation, …

And so… Watson is an ongoing work to build an infrastructure supporting the development of SW applications Room for contributions ;-) And building applications is a form of contribution! Many additions currently in development Presentation of SW Documents/Ontologies, Ontology Summarization, Modularization Classification of SW Documents/Ontologies, ontology directory Infrastructure for publishing SW data/ontologies, data hosting Efficient cross ontology querying Detecting and managing relations between SW documents/ontologies (equivalences, similarity, versions, compatibility, etc.) Combining automatic evaluation, user evaluation and trust for (customized) ranking Exchange with the p2p networks for ontology sharing

Watson is an ongoing work to build an infrastructure supporting the development of SW applications

Room for contributions ;-)

And building applications is a form of contribution!

Many additions currently in development

Presentation of SW Documents/Ontologies, Ontology Summarization, Modularization

Classification of SW Documents/Ontologies, ontology directory

Infrastructure for publishing SW data/ontologies, data hosting

Efficient cross ontology querying

Detecting and managing relations between SW documents/ontologies (equivalences, similarity, versions, compatibility, etc.)

Combining automatic evaluation, user evaluation and trust for (customized) ranking

Exchange with the p2p networks for ontology sharing

Thank you! Watson: http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk Blog: http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/blog Mailing list: [email_address] Contact: [email_address]

The Semantic Web is growing… Lee, J., Goodwin, R. (2004) The Semantic Webscape: a View of the Semantic Web. IBM Research Report .

Ontologies Metadata <rdf:RDF> <channel rdf:about=“http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/blog”> <title>Elementaries - The Watson Blog</title> <link>http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/blog/</link> <description> &quot;Oh dear! Where the Semantic Web is going to go now?&quot; -- imaginary user 23 </description> <language>en</language> <copyright>Watson team</copyright> <lastBuildDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 13:49:52 GMT</lastBuildDate> <generator>Pebble (http://pebble.sourceforge.net)</generator> <docs>http://backend.userland.com/rss</docs> … <rdf:RDF> <foaf:Image rdf:about='http://static.flickr.com/132/400582453_e1e1f8602c.jpg'> <dc:title>Zen wisteria</dc:title> <dc:description></dc:description> <foaf:page rdf:resource='http://www.flickr.com/photos/xcv/400582453/'/> <foaf:topic rdf:resource='http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/vittelgarden/'/> <foaf:topic rdf:resource='http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/wisteria/'/> <dc:creator> <foaf:Person><foaf:name>Mathieu d'Aquin</foaf:name> … <rdf:RDF> <owl:Ontology rdf:about=&quot;&quot;> <owl:imports rdf:resource=&quot;http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#&quot;/> </owl:Ontology> <j.1:Organization rdf:ID=&quot;KMi&quot;> <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot; >The Knoledge Media Institute of the Open University, Milton Keynes UK</rdfs:comment> </j.1:Organization> <j.1:Document rdf:ID=&quot;KMiWebSite&quot;> … DOAP FOAF DC RSS TAP WORDNET NCI Galen Music … … … … … … UoD

Next Generation Semantic Web Applications NG SW Application Semantic Web Smart Features Able to exploit the SW at large Dynamically retrieving the relevant semantic resources Combining several, heterogeneous Ontologies

Able to exploit the SW at large

Dynamically retrieving the relevant semantic resources

Combining several, heterogeneous Ontologies

Design Principles Focused on quality Provides quality information about the collected ontologies and semantic data Provides valuable services for semantic applications , to discover, select, exploit and combine semantic resources Provides a variety of query and access mechanisms For both humans (web interface) and machines (web serv., API) To fit applications having different purposes and requirements Ranging from Keyword search to ontology exploration and formal queries (SPARQL) Support for relations between ontologies Detecting redundancy, duplication, incompatibility (contradiction), modularization, versioning, etc.

Focused on quality

Provides quality information about the collected ontologies and semantic data

Provides valuable services for semantic applications , to discover, select, exploit and combine semantic resources

Provides a variety of query and access mechanisms

For both humans (web interface) and machines (web serv., API)

To fit applications having different purposes and requirements

Ranging from Keyword search to ontology exploration and formal queries (SPARQL)

Support for relations between ontologies

Detecting redundancy, duplication, incompatibility (contradiction), modularization, versioning, etc.