The BBC

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  • + bosunde bosunde 7 months ago
    can you please give me the details of the author and date written for reference?
  • + guest201281 guest201281 2 years ago
    Baha 8D
  • + pearcen Nick Pearce 2 years ago
    This is an excellent and thorough introduction to the BBC, i found it most useful, thanks
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The BBC - Presentation Transcript

  1. The BBC Unique Public Service Broadcaster
  2. Pre-BBC • While an unregulated free-for- all allowed radio stations to spring up all over the place in the USA, the British Government were more cautious. • Pressure from the public by 1921 led the Post Office (who regulate the airwaves) to allow experimental stations like 2MT and 2LO
  3. The BBC • The British Broadcasting Company was formed in 1922 by a group of wireless manufacturers, including Marconi • Broadcasting began on November 14 1922. By 1925, the BBC could be heard all over the UK • The BBC broadcast a mixture of plays, talks, music and variety acts • The newspaper industry lobbied successfully to keep the BBC away from the news. Bulletins were written by agencies and broadcast only after 7pm
  4. “Inform, Educate, Entertain” • BBC formed with a commercial intention: to sell radios • But the first Managing Director, John Reith, saw a higher purpose • He admitted when he was hired that he “hadn’t the remotest idea what broadcasting was.”
  5. Reith’s Vision • Reith envisaged an independent British broadcaster able to educate, inform and entertain the whole nation, free from political interference and commercial pressure • Reith believed in programming standards and a high moral tone • His vision didn’t include popular music!
  6. General Strike • The General Strike of 1926 was a turning point. • In the absence of newspapers, the people turned to the BBC for news. • Reith resisted calls for the BBC to be taken over by the government. • In 1927, renamed British Broadcasting Corporation
  7. 1930s • BBC moves into Broadcasting House, in Portland Place London, 1932. • Continues to broadcast a mixture of wholesome entertainment (jokes on sensitive subjects were banned), news, talks, plays, and uplifting classical music (The BBC Symphony Orchestra). • In 1932, launches The Empire Service (later called The World Service)
  8. Television • Though Reith never saw its value, the BBC was asked to test the two rival television broadcasting systems. • One was John Logie Baird’s mechanical system. • The other was EMI/Marconi’s electronic system - which was miles better. • Early TV broadcasts included the Coronation of George VI, Wimbledon (1937), the FA Cup Final (1938), and the Boat Race (1938)
  9. Events • Why did these particular events become the stuff of television broadcasts? How would you characterise them? • Can you connect the current forms and conventions of TV broadcasting with these early experiments?
  10. World War 2 • TV was suspended for WW2, but radio continued • Initially, the BBC was broadcasting a National Programme and various Regional Programmes • At the Outbreak of World War 2, all stations were merged into the Home Service • People complained about the dry tone of the output, so the BBC added more light entertainment like ITMA
  11. 1943 - War Reporting • New technology (a lighter, more portable field recorder) allowed BBC war correspondents to report from the front lines. • The BBC gained a reputation for honesty during the war. By 1945, it was broadcasting in 40 languages. • Goebbels, Hitler’s propaganda minister, admitted that the BBC had won the “intellectual invasion” of Europe.
  12. Light Programme • In 1945, the Light Programme was launched • It played light entertainment and music, often played by the BBC Orchestra or the Billy Cotton Band • There wasn’t much room for Rock ‘n’ Roll! • The Third Programme, launched 1946, played Classical music
  13. The Return of TV • Although television broadcasting returned in 1946, and the BBC went on to broadcast the 1947 Royal Wedding and the 1948 Olympics, it took till 1953 and the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II for TV to become a truly mass medium. • This was the first must-see TV event that saw many people buying a set for the first time. • For the first time, more people watched (53% of the population) than listened (32%). • Amazingly, 200 children in Great Ormond Street Hospital watched the event in colour.
  14. The £icence • Since 1946, the BBC has been funded by means of the TV Licence - which is compulsory for anyone purchasing TV equipment in the UK. • The first licence fee was £2 per year (equivalent to just under £60 in today’s money). This paid for the single, monochrome, channel then being broadcast. • In 1968, after the introduction of BBC2 (1964) and colour broadcasting, the fee was £5 plus £5 if you had a colour TV set.
  15. The £icence • The current licence fee is £135.50, or £11.29 per month. • The licence fee funds BBC television (8 channels); Radio (10 networks); local TV and radio services; and the BBC web site, through which the BBC iPlayer (on-demand TV) operates. • In comparison, the basic Sky TV package with just one package (mix) of basic channels costs £16 per month. • The crucial difference is that the BBC (supposedly) doesn’t carry ads.
  16. Debatable • Lots of people think the licence fee is archaic and should be abolished. Why? • Do you think the BBC is good value for money? • If so, why do you think this? • If not, propose an alternative system.
  17. How is it spent? • 50% - BBC One and BBC Two • 15% - local TV and radio • 12% - network radio • 10% - digital (BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News 24, BBC Parliament, CBBC, CBeebies) • 10% - transmission costs and licence fee collection • 3% - BBC Online, Ceefax, and Interactive Content (including bbc.co.uk and BBCi) • BBC World Service on radio is funded by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office • BBC World and other international TV channels are operated commercially and do not receive licence fee money.
  18. Sources of Income
  19. Structure • The BBC is a QuANGO (Quasi-Autonomous Non- Governmental Organisation)! But it was a QuANGO before QuANGOs were invented. • Until 2007, the BBC was run by its board of governors, under a Royal Charter which is renewed every 10 years. • It is now run by the BBC Trust.
  20. BBC Trust • The members of the BBC Trust are appointed by the government. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/ “ The Trust works for the public which owns and pays for the BBC. We listen to a wide range of voices, seeking to understand all opinions and expectations to inform our judgements. We ensure the BBC is independent, innovative and efficient: a creative and economic force for good in the UK, and for the UK internationally.
  21. “We aim to ensure... • that the BBC remains independent, resisting pressure and influence from any source • that the BBC's management delivers public value by providing distinctive services of the highest quality to all the people and all the communities across the United Kingdom • that the BBC contributes to the standing of the United Kingdom in the world, to the economy and to British culture Does it?
  22. Consultations
  23. The Charter The BBC’s public nature and its objects 3. 1. The BBC exists to serve the public interest. 2. The BBC’s main object is the promotion of its Public Purposes. 4. The Public Purposes The Public Purposes of the BBC are as follows— 1. sustaining citizenship and civil society; 2. promoting education and learning; 3. stimulating creativity and cultural excellence; 4. representing the UK, its nations, regions and communities; 5. bringing the UK to the world and the world to the UK; 6. in promoting its other purposes, helping to deliver to the public the benefit of emerging communications technologies and services and, in addition, taking a leading role in the switchover to digital television. 5. How the BBC promotes its Public Purposes: the BBC’s mission to inform, educate and entertain 6. The independence of the BBC 1. The BBC shall be independent in all matters concerning the content of its output, the times and manner in which this is supplied, and in the management of its affairs.
  24. Does the BBC work? • Can you think of an example for each of the public purposes of the BBC? 1. sustaining citizenship and civil society; 2. promoting education and learning; 3. stimulating creativity and cultural excellence; 4. representing the UK, its nations, regions and communities; 5. bringing the UK to the world and the world to the UK; 6. in promoting its other purposes, helping to deliver to the public the benefit of emerging communications technologies and services and, in addition, taking a leading role in the switchover to digital television.
  25. Conflict • The BBC has often been under attack by various governments, so its Charter renewal is always hotly debated. • In 1926, Winston Churchill demanded the BBC be nationalised because of the General Strike. • In 1956, the BBC was accused of anti-government bias because of its “neutral” reporting of the Suez Crisis • In 2004, the Hutton enquiry heavily criticised the BBC for its reporting in the lead-up to the Iraq war (the “sexed-up dossier” affair).
  26. Bias? • The BBC is often accused of having a left/liberal bias (especially by the right-wing press!). • Some left wingers also accuse the BBC of being too uncritical of the government. • “Neutrality” often leads to institutional problems related to representation. • Now listen to Jane Garvey (formerly of Radio Five Live) reminisce about the 1997 election!
  27. Questions • Is the BBC truly independent? • Does it answer only to its viewers and listeners? • Is its programming distinctive? • What else could it be doing?
  28. Homework • Now you know about the BBC, you need to fill in the gaps about commercial broadcasters in the UK. • How/when was commercial television introduced to the UK? • What was its impact? • How does Channel 4 differ from ITV? • How is commercial television managed and regulated? • How does the institutional behaviour of commercial broadcasters (like ITV, Channel 4, Five, and Sky) differ from that of the BBC? • What are the key areas of competition/controversy between commercial media and the BBC?

+ The Cottesloe SchoolThe Cottesloe School, 2 years ago

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